CN114156639A - Broadband solar cell antenna based on middle layer director - Google Patents
Broadband solar cell antenna based on middle layer director Download PDFInfo
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- CN114156639A CN114156639A CN202111468455.2A CN202111468455A CN114156639A CN 114156639 A CN114156639 A CN 114156639A CN 202111468455 A CN202111468455 A CN 202111468455A CN 114156639 A CN114156639 A CN 114156639A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director, which comprises an upper-layer dielectric plate, a middle-layer dielectric plate and a lower-layer dielectric plate which are parallel to each other, wherein the upper-layer dielectric plate, the middle-layer dielectric plate and the lower-layer dielectric plate are distributed at intervals from top to bottom; the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab is provided with a radiation structure; the radiation structure comprises two solar cell strings which are connected in parallel; the front end and the rear end of each of the two solar cell strings are respectively connected with a bus bar; each bus bar is respectively connected with the top end of a first direct current feeder line which is vertically distributed; the bottom end of each direct current feeder is connected with the direct current filtering structure through a second direct current feeder; the second direct current feeder line and the direct current filter structure are positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab; the upper surface of the middle medium plate is provided with a director structure; an alternating current feeder is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab; and an SMA joint is arranged on the AC feeder. The invention obviously improves the front-to-back ratio of the antenna by adding the director and simultaneously realizes the integration of the solar cell and the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cell antennas, in particular to a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle layer director.
Background
At present, fossil energy is still heavier in global energy consumption, and the influence on the environment is increasingly serious.
Solar energy is one of the main energy sources for replacing fossil energy in the future as a green and environment-friendly energy source. Therefore, the research of combining the solar cell with the antenna has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle layer director, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director, which comprises an upper-layer dielectric plate, a middle-layer dielectric plate and a lower-layer dielectric plate which are parallel to each other;
the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate are sequentially distributed at intervals from top to bottom;
for the upper dielectric plate, a radiation structure is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate;
a radiation structure comprising two series of solar cell strings connected in parallel with each other;
each solar cell string consists of a plurality of solar cell laminated tiles;
the front end and the rear end of each of the two solar cell strings are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of a bus bar;
the middle part of the bottom surface of each bus bar is respectively connected with the top end of a first vertically distributed direct current feeder;
the bottom end of each first direct current feeder is connected with a direct current filtering structure through a second direct current feeder;
the second direct current feeder line and the direct current filtering structure are positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab;
each direct current filter structure is longitudinally distributed on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric slab, and the middle position of each direct current filter structure is vertically intersected with the middle part of the adjacent second direct current feeder;
the two solar cell strings are connected in parallel through the bus bars and used as a radiation structure of the antenna, and output direct current after passing through the direct current filter structure;
a direct current filter structure having a direct current port for outputting a direct current generated by the solar cell string to the outside;
for the middle-layer dielectric plate, the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate is provided with a director structure;
a director structure comprising four first director metal blocks, and one second director metal block;
the four first director metal blocks are rotationally and symmetrically distributed;
one opposite corner of the four first director metal blocks is respectively provided with a step-shaped open groove;
two first director metal blocks positioned on the left side and two first director metal blocks positioned on the right side are provided with longitudinally distributed first gaps;
two first director metal blocks positioned on the front side and two first director metal blocks positioned on the rear side are provided with second gaps which are distributed transversely;
the upper surface of the middle medium plate is provided with second director metal blocks which are longitudinally distributed at the corresponding positions of the transverse middle positions of the first gaps;
for the lower dielectric slab, a first alternating current feeder and a second alternating current feeder are arranged at the right end of the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab;
the longitudinal middle position of the first alternating current feeder line is vertically intersected with one end of the second alternating current feeder line;
the other end of the second alternating current feeder line is an SMA connector mounting end;
the SMA connector mounting end is provided with an SMA connector;
an SMA connector for providing excitation to the antenna;
for the upper dielectric slab, the left end and the right end of the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab are respectively provided with a horizontal wall which is horizontally and longitudinally distributed;
for the lower dielectric slab, the left end and the right end of the upper surface of the lower dielectric slab are respectively and vertically provided with a vertical wall which is longitudinally distributed under the two horizontal walls;
each vertical wall is connected with the horizontal wall right above the vertical wall;
the floor on the upper surface of the lower medium plate is provided with two same stepped grooves.
Preferably, regarding the connection structure of the vertical wall and the horizontal wall above the vertical wall, the following are specific:
the outer side of each horizontal wall is respectively provided with three vertical wall connecting open grooves;
the top of each vertical wall is provided with a connecting lug at the position corresponding to the three vertical wall connecting open slots;
and the connecting convex blocks are correspondingly inserted into the connecting open grooves of the vertical walls.
Preferably, the bus bar is U-shaped.
Preferably, the thickness of the lower dielectric plate is larger than that of the upper dielectric plate and smaller than that of the middle dielectric plate.
Preferably, the thickness of the upper layer dielectric plate is 0.4 mm, the thickness of the middle layer dielectric plate is 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the lower layer dielectric plate is 0.762 mm.
Preferably, the vertical distance between the upper dielectric plate and the middle dielectric plate is larger than the vertical distance between the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate.
Preferably, the vertical spacing between the upper dielectric slab and the middle dielectric slab is 4.9 mm, and the vertical spacing between the middle dielectric slab and the lower dielectric slab is 2.7825 mm.
Preferably, the two strings of solar cells are parallel to each other;
the transverse spacing distance between the two solar cell strings is 2.5 mm;
the size of each string of solar cells is: length 79.75 mm x width 40.8 mm.
Preferably, the upper dielectric plate, the middle dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate are rectangular;
the upper-layer dielectric plate is provided with an installation through hole at the four-corner position and at the left side and the right side of each bus bar respectively;
the lower dielectric plate is provided with a mounting through hole at the position corresponding to each mounting through hole of the upper dielectric plate;
the middle-layer dielectric plate is positioned right below the middle part of the upper-layer dielectric plate;
the four corners of the middle-layer dielectric plate are respectively provided with an installation through hole;
the four mounting through holes on the middle-layer dielectric plate and the four mounting through holes arranged on the left side and the right side of each bus bar of the upper-layer dielectric plate are arranged in a vertically-positive correspondence manner.
Compared with the prior art, the broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle-layer director has the advantages that the structural design is scientific, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is remarkably improved by stacking a plurality of solar cells to form a cell string, then connecting the cell string in parallel to form a radiation structure, and the director is arranged between the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate, so that the integration of the solar cells and the antenna can be realized, the broadband solar cell antenna can be used for wireless communication and photovoltaic power generation, and the broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle-layer director has great practical significance.
According to the invention, the solar cell and the antenna are integrated, so that compared with a traditional independent solar power supply system and an independent communication system, the occupied space is obviously reduced, the antenna is miniaturized, and wireless communication and photovoltaic power generation can be simultaneously carried out; meanwhile, the director is added in the antenna structure, so that the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is obviously improved, and the antenna has a good radiation pattern.
Through inspection, the working frequency band of the antenna covers 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz, the gain is stable in the working frequency band, the radiation performance is stable, green wireless communication is realized, and the antenna can be applied to a wireless communication system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of an upper dielectric plate, a radiation structure and a parasitic structure in a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a structure of a middle dielectric plate and a director in the broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle director according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a lower dielectric plate, a feeding structure, a parasitic structure, and a dc filter structure in a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a relative bandwidth matching diagram and a gain curve chart obtained by simulation of a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of radiation efficiency obtained from simulation using a broadband solar cell antenna based on a mid-layer director according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a 2.2GHz radiation pattern obtained by simulation using a mid-layer director-based broadband solar cell antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front-to-back comparison plot from simulation of an antenna of the present invention with and without an additional director;
in the figure: 1. an upper dielectric plate; 2. a solar cell string; 3. a bus bar; 4. a horizontal wall; 5. mounting a through hole;
6. a middle dielectric plate; 7. a director structure; 8. a lower dielectric plate; 9. a floor; 10. a vertical wall;
1101. a first AC feeder line; 1102. a second AC feeder line;
12. a direct current feeder; 13. a direct current filtering structure; 14. SMA connects installation end.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle layer director, which can normally operate in a frequency band of 1.7GHz to 2.7GHz (i.e. the operating frequency band covers 1.7GHz to 2.7GHz), and comprises an upper dielectric plate 1, a middle dielectric plate 6 and a lower dielectric plate 8 which are parallel to each other;
the upper dielectric plate 1, the middle dielectric plate 6 and the lower dielectric plate 8 are sequentially distributed at intervals from top to bottom;
for the upper dielectric slab 1, a radiation structure is arranged on the upper surface;
a radiation structure comprising two series of solar cell strings 2 connected in parallel with each other;
each solar cell string consists of a plurality of solar cell laminated tiles;
the front end and the rear end of each of the two solar cell strings 2 are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of a bus bar 3;
the middle part of the bottom surface of each bus bar 3 is respectively connected with the top end of a first vertically distributed direct current feeder 1201;
the bottom end of each first dc feeder 1201 is connected to a dc filtering structure 13 through a second dc feeder 1202;
a second dc feeder 1202 and a dc filter structure 13, which are located on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 8;
each direct current filter structure 13 is longitudinally distributed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 8, and the middle position of each direct current filter structure is vertically intersected with the middle part of the adjacent second direct current feeder 1202;
the two solar cell strings 2 are connected in parallel through the bus bars 3 and used as a radiation structure of the antenna, and output direct current after passing through the direct current filter structure 13;
and a dc filter structure 13 having a dc port for outputting the dc current generated by the solar cell string 2 to the outside.
It should be noted that, for the antenna of the present invention, a plurality of solar cells are stacked to form a solar cell string, and then two solar cell strings are connected in parallel through a bus bar to serve as a radiation structure, so that the antenna can be used for wireless communication, and in the antenna of the present invention, the dc port portion of the dc filter structure 13 can also collect dc generated by the solar cells, which has the advantages of low carbon and environmental protection.
In the present invention, the dc filter structure 13 is a dc filter, and the function of the present invention is to isolate the ac current generated on the solar cell, because the solar cell has both dc current (generated by photoelectric effect) and ac current, the ac current needs to be isolated in order to collect the dc current at the dc port.
According to the invention, because the solar cell sheet has direct current and alternating current at the same time, after the current passes through the direct current filtering structure 13, the direct current filtering structure 13 is short-circuited for direct current signals and is open-circuited for alternating current signals, so that the direct current can be collected at a direct current port. The direct current port is equivalent to a direct current power supply and can be used for supplying power to other electric equipment in a communication system to which the antenna belongs, so that the space is saved, and the miniaturization of the system is facilitated, because the traditional power supply system and the communication system are independent and occupy more space. The external consumer device referred to herein does not act as an antenna, but is a component of a communication system. For the antenna of the present invention, two dc ports (i.e. the dc port on the dc filter structure 13) are provided, one of which is a positive electrode, and the other is a negative electrode, so that the antenna can be used as a dc power supply.
For the middle dielectric plate 6, the upper surface thereof is provided with a director structure 7;
a director structure 7 comprising four first director metal blocks 71, and one second director metal block 72;
four first director metal blocks 71 which are rotationally symmetrically distributed;
four first director metal blocks 71 are provided with a step-shaped open groove 710 (i.e. a step-shaped notch) at opposite corners;
two first director metal blocks 71 positioned at the front side and two first director metal blocks 71 positioned at the rear side are provided with second gaps 712 which are distributed transversely;
the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate 6 is provided with second director metal blocks 72 which are longitudinally distributed at the corresponding positions of the transverse middle positions of the first gaps 711;
for the lower dielectric plate 8, a first alternating current feeder 1101 and a second alternating current feeder 1102 are arranged at the right end of the lower surface (i.e., the bottom surface);
a longitudinal middle position of the first ac feeder 1101, which perpendicularly intersects with one end (i.e., the left end) of the second ac feeder 1102;
the other end of the second alternating current feeder 1102 is an SMA joint mounting end 14;
an SMA connector is mounted on the SMA connector mounting end 14;
and the SMA connector is used for providing excitation for the antenna.
Note that the SMA connector is called Sub Miniature version a as a generic name, and is a typical high-frequency connector. The SMA connector has the characteristics of small size, high reliability, wide frequency band, excellent performance, long service life and the like, so the SMA connector is suitable for connecting a radio frequency cable or a microstrip line in a radio frequency loop of microwave equipment and a digital communication system.
It is noted that for the present invention, the antenna has a feed structure comprising a first ac feed 1101, a second ac feed 1102 and an SMA contact. The first ac feeder 1101 and the second ac feeder 1102 are connected to each other to form an ac feeder unit.
For the upper dielectric slab 1, the left end and the right end of the upper surface are respectively provided with a horizontal wall 4 which is horizontally and longitudinally distributed;
for the lower dielectric slab 8, the left end and the right end of the upper surface are respectively vertically provided with a vertical wall 10 which is longitudinally distributed under the two horizontal walls 4;
each vertical wall 10 is connected with the horizontal wall 4 right above the vertical wall;
in the present invention, in terms of implementation, the connection structure between the vertical wall 10 and the horizontal wall 4 above the vertical wall is as follows:
the outer side of each horizontal wall 4 is respectively provided with three vertical wall connecting open grooves 401;
the top of each vertical wall 10 is provided with a connecting bump 101 at a position corresponding to the three vertical wall connecting open grooves 401;
the connection protrusion 101 is correspondingly inserted into the vertical wall connection opening groove 401.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the antenna has a parasitic structure, including the horizontal wall 4 on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 1 and the vertical wall 10 perpendicular to the lower dielectric plate 8, and the parasitic structure is formed by the horizontal wall 4 and the vertical wall 10.
In the present invention, the bus bar 3 is U-shaped in a concrete implementation.
In the invention, the thickness of the upper and lower dielectric plates 8 is greater than that of the upper dielectric plate 1 and less than that of the middle dielectric plate 6; for example, the thickness of the upper dielectric plate 1 is 0.4 mm, the thickness of the middle dielectric plate 6 is 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the lower dielectric plate 8 is 0.762 mm. The numerical values are selected after simulation and optimization for many times, the influence of the dielectric plates with different thicknesses on the antenna performance is simulated, and finally the thickness values of the three dielectric plates are determined.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, through comprehensive simulation and optimization, the three thicknesses are finally selected, and the type, thickness, and the like of the dielectric plate all affect the antenna performance.
In the invention, in the concrete implementation, the vertical distance between the upper dielectric plate 1 and the middle dielectric plate 6 is larger than the vertical distance between the middle dielectric plate 6 and the lower dielectric plate 8; for example, the air layer height (i.e., vertical spacing) between the upper dielectric sheet 1 and the middle dielectric sheet 6 is 4.9 mm, and the air layer height (i.e., vertical spacing) between the middle dielectric sheet 6 and the lower dielectric sheet 8 is 2.7825 mm.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, after the vertical spacing between the three dielectric slabs is simulated and optimized for many times, the performance of the designed antenna is better. The vertical spacing values are obtained through simulation and optimization, the height of the air layer is changed for many times, the performance of the antenna is compared when the height of the air layer is different, and the optimal air layer height is comprehensively determined.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the two strings of solar cell strings 2 are parallel to each other, and the lateral distance between the two strings of solar cell strings is 2.5 mm. The value is obtained through multiple times of simulation and optimization, and the optimal interval is determined by comparing the antenna performance at different intervals.
In the present invention, two strings of solar cell strings 2 are used to convert light energy into electric energy by using solar energy. The front end and the rear end of the two solar cell strings 2 are respectively connected with a bus bar 3, and the generated electric energy can be transmitted to the bus bar 3.
And the bus bar 3 is used for collecting the direct current generated by the integrated solar cell string 2 and transmitting the direct current electric energy to the direct current filtering structure 13 (namely a direct current filter).
In the present invention, each string of solar cell strings 2 may be formed by stacking 4 solar cells.
The tiling technology of solar cells is conventional. The solar cell structure adopted by the antenna comprises a copper substrate, an epitaxial layer and a grid line. Generally, for two solar cells of a stack tile, the grid lines of one solar cell are connected with the copper substrate of the other solar cell.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, the size of each string of solar cell strings 2 is: length 79.75 mm x width 40.8 mm.
In the present invention, a string of solar cells is composed of a stack of 4 solar cells, each solar cell is fixed to a size of 20.8 mm × 40.8 mm, and the width of the overlapping portion when two solar cells are stacked is 1.15 mm, so that the width of the stacked 4 solar cells is 40.8 mm, and the length is 20.8 × 4-1.15 × 3 — 79.75 mm.
In the present invention, in a specific implementation, two ends of two solar cell strings 2 are respectively connected in parallel by a bus bar 3.
In the present invention, the director structure 7 is embodied as a 2 x 2 array structure with stepped open slots.
In the invention, the floor 9 on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 8 is provided with two same stepped grooves 90;
for the present invention, the stepped groove 90 functions as: the feeding of the antenna is achieved by its coupling with the radiation structure above. Because the antenna of the present invention adopts a slot coupling feeding manner, a slot (i.e., the stepped slot 90) is etched on the floor 9, and energy is fed from a feeder port below the floor 9 (i.e., a port of the second ac feeder 1102 on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 8), and then is coupled with the upper radiation structure through the slot (i.e., the stepped slot 90).
It should be noted that the floor 9 is a copper structure on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 8.
In the invention, in the concrete implementation, the upper dielectric plate 1, the middle dielectric plate 6 and the lower dielectric plate 8 are all rectangular;
the upper-layer dielectric plate 1 is provided with a mounting through hole 5 at the four-angle position and at the left side and the right side of each bus bar 3;
the lower dielectric plate 8 is provided with one mounting through hole 5 at the position corresponding to each mounting through hole 5 of the upper dielectric plate 1;
the middle-layer dielectric plate 6 is positioned right below the middle part of the upper-layer dielectric plate 1;
the middle-layer dielectric plate 6 is provided with a mounting through hole 5 at each of four corners;
the four mounting through holes 5 on the middle-layer dielectric plate 6 and the four mounting through holes 5 arranged on the left side and the right side of each bus bar 3 on the upper-layer dielectric plate 1 are arranged in an up-down right corresponding mode;
in the concrete implementation, the supporting columns are arranged on the through holes 5, and the effect of fixing and supporting the three layers of dielectric slabs is achieved.
In the concrete implementation, the upper dielectric slab 1 and the middle dielectric slab 6 are made of FR4, and the lower dielectric slab 8 is made of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 high-frequency slab. In this patent, they are used to carry the structures of the antenna, because the dielectric plate has a certain thickness and hardness, and thus can be used to carry the structures of the antenna.
It should be noted that, in the specific implementation, the solar cell string is made of a solar cell, and the bus bar, the horizontal wall, the vertical wall, the dc feeder line, and the dc filter structure are made of copper.
The position relation requirement and the connection relation requirement of each part are as follows: the solar cell string, the bus bar and the horizontal wall are on the same plane, namely the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab; the vertical wall is vertical to the horizontal wall, the direct current filter structure is positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab, the direct current feeder is divided into a vertical part and a horizontal part, the vertical part is vertical to the upper dielectric slab, and the horizontal part is positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric slab;
direct current and alternating current generated by the two solar cell strings are collected by the junction strips and then reach the direct current filter structure through the vertical part and the horizontal part of the direct current feeder, the direct current filter structure isolates the alternating current, and finally the direct current can be collected at a direct current port at the tail end of the direct current feeder;
the horizontal wall and the vertical wall are welded together to serve as a parasitic structure of the antenna. The reasons for these effects are: the solar cell string generates direct current due to photoelectric effect, alternating current exists on the solar cell string, and reaches the direct current filtering structure through the bus bar and the direct current feeder line, and the direct current filtering structure isolates and blocks the alternating current; the horizontal wall and the vertical wall are both made of copper and are used as parasitic structures of the antenna, so that the performance of the antenna is improved to a certain extent.
It should be noted that, in the implementation, for the director structure 7, it is a copper structure on the upper surface of the middle dielectric plate, and some grooves are etched. The first director metal block 71 and the second director metal block 72 indicated in fig. 2 are both copper, and the stepped open trench 710, the first gap 711 and the second gap 712 are all etched trenches (the copper on the copper-clad dielectric board is removed, i.e., the bare dielectric board). The director structure 7 as a whole contributes to an improvement in the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, wherein the etched stepped open trench 710, the first gap 711 and the second gap 712 are optimally designed for improving the impedance matching, gain, etc. of the antenna.
In the present invention, the feeding structure includes a first ac feeder 1101 and a second ac feeder 1102, both made of copper. The functions of the two parts are to transmit the energy fed from the terminal port of the feeder line to the stepped groove 90 on the floor 9, and then to couple with the radiation structure above through the stepped groove 90, so as to realize the feeding of the antenna.
In the invention, the horizontal wall 4 and the vertical wall 10 are made of copper, and are obtained by processing the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 1 and a vertical dielectric plate through a printed circuit board technology. For the horizontal wall 4 and the vertical wall 10, they function as parasitic structures of the antenna, and the performance of the antenna is improved to some extent. The vertical dielectric slab (i.e., the copper-clad vertical dielectric slab) on which the vertical wall 10 is located has upper and lower 3 connecting projections 101, and open grooves are provided at corresponding positions on the upper dielectric slab 1 and the lower dielectric slab 8 to insert and fix the vertical dielectric slabs.
In the present invention, the solar cell string 2 is adhered to the upper dielectric sheet 1 by glue (polyolefin). This method is the existing technology of the solar cell, and the function is to fix the solar cell on the upper dielectric plate 1.
In the present invention, the bus bar 3 is processed on the upper dielectric sheet 1 by using a printed circuit board technique. The director structure 7 is machined on the middle dielectric sheet 6 using printed circuit board technology. The feed structure comprises a first ac feed line 1101 and a second ac feed line 1102, which are processed on the lower dielectric plate 8 by using the printed circuit board technology. The advantage of the printed circuit board processing method is that the cost is lower.
Based on the technical scheme, the impedance matching design is realized by adopting a gap coupling feed mode, the main radiation structure part is formed by connecting two strings of solar cell strings in parallel, each string of solar cell string is formed by overlapping 4 solar cell pieces, the two strings of solar cell strings are parallel, and the interval between the two strings of solar cell strings is 2.5 mm. The two solar cell strings 2 are connected in parallel through the bus bars 3 at two ends and are connected to the direct current filtering structure 13 on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 8 through the vertical and horizontal direct current feeders 12, and the direct current filtering structure 13 has a certain inhibiting effect on alternating current signals, so that the direct current signals can be effectively collected at a direct current port.
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, fig. 4, 5 and 6 show the radiation performance of the solar cell antenna using the design method and size of the present invention.
It can be known from fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6 that, through inspection, the impedance matching bandwidth of the solar cell antenna designed by the invention is 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz, the relative bandwidth is 45.45%, and stable gain is maintained in the working frequency band, the gain fluctuation range is within 2dBi, the gain peak value is 9.32dBi, the radiation efficiency can reach more than 90% in the whole working frequency band, and the solar cell antenna has better directional radiation performance and the cross polarization level is less than-15 dB.
Referring to fig. 4 of the present invention, fig. 4 reflects the impedance matching bandwidth and the gain of the antenna, and it can be seen that the impedance matching bandwidth of the antenna is 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz, and the gain is relatively stable in the working frequency band.
Referring to fig. 5 of the present invention, fig. 5 reflects the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and it can be seen that the radiation efficiency of the antenna in the whole operating frequency band reaches more than 90%.
Referring to fig. 6 of the present invention, fig. 6 reflects the radiation pattern of the antenna at 2.2GHz, and it can be seen that the cross polarization level of the antenna is less than-15 dB, and the antenna has better directional radiation performance.
Fig. 7 shows a front-to-back ratio comparison diagram of the solar cell antenna with and without the director, and it is apparent from fig. 7 that, for the antenna of the present invention, after the director structure is added, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is averagely improved by about 2.82dBi, and the front-to-back ratio of the low frequency 1.8GHz and 1.9GHz is improved from below 10dBi to above 10 dBi.
Compared with the prior art, the broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle layer director has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director for the first time, the antenna enables a plurality of solar cells to be laminated to form a solar cell string, then two strings of solar cell strings are connected in parallel through a convergence belt to be used as a radiation structure, so that the antenna can be used for wireless communication, and direct current generated by the solar cells can be collected at a direct current port part in the antenna, so that the broadband solar cell antenna has the advantages of low carbon and environmental protection;
2. according to the invention, the director structure is added between the upper and lower dielectric plates, so that the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is effectively improved, and the antenna has good directional radiation performance;
3. the antenna can normally work at 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz, has stable gain and radiation performance in a working frequency band, realizes the integration of the solar cell and the antenna, and has certain application value in the field of future communication systems.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle-layer director provided by the invention has a scientific structural design, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is obviously improved by stacking a plurality of solar cells to form a cell string, then connecting the cell string in parallel to form a radiation structure, and placing the director between the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate, so that the integration of the solar cell and the antenna can be realized, and the broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle-layer director has great practical significance.
According to the invention, the solar cell and the antenna are integrated, so that compared with a traditional independent solar power supply system and an independent communication system, the occupied space is obviously reduced, the antenna is miniaturized, and wireless communication and photovoltaic power generation can be simultaneously carried out; meanwhile, the director is added in the antenna structure, so that the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is obviously improved, and the antenna has a good radiation pattern.
Through inspection, the working frequency band of the antenna covers 1.7 GHz-2.7 GHz, the gain is stable in the working frequency band, the radiation performance is stable, green wireless communication is realized, and the antenna can be applied to a wireless communication system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A broadband solar cell antenna based on a middle-layer director is characterized by comprising an upper-layer dielectric plate (1), a middle-layer dielectric plate (6) and a lower-layer dielectric plate (8) which are parallel to each other;
the upper dielectric plate (1), the middle dielectric plate (6) and the lower dielectric plate (8) are sequentially distributed at intervals from top to bottom;
for the upper dielectric slab (1), a radiation structure is arranged on the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab;
a radiation structure comprising two series of solar cell strings (2) connected in parallel with each other;
each solar cell string consists of a plurality of solar cell laminated tiles;
the front end and the rear end of each of the two solar cell strings (2) are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of a bus bar (3);
the middle part of the bottom surface of each bus bar (3) is respectively connected with the top end of a first direct current feeder (1201) which is vertically distributed;
the bottom end of each first direct current feeder (1201) is respectively connected with a direct current filtering structure (13) through a second direct current feeder (1202);
the second direct current feeder (1202) and the direct current filter structure (13) are positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate (8);
each direct current filtering structure (13) is longitudinally distributed on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric slab (8), and the middle position of each direct current filtering structure is vertically intersected with the middle section of the adjacent second direct current feeder (1202);
the two solar cell strings (2) are connected in parallel through the bus bars (3) and used as a radiation structure of the antenna, and output direct current after passing through the direct current filter structure (13);
a DC filter structure (13) having a DC port for outputting a DC current generated by the solar cell string (2) to the outside;
for the middle-layer medium plate (6), the upper surface is provided with a director structure (7);
a director structure (7) comprising four first director metal blocks (71), and one second director metal block (72);
four first director metal blocks (71) which are rotationally symmetrically distributed;
four first director metal blocks (71) are provided with a ladder-shaped open groove (710) at opposite corners;
the two first director metal blocks (71) positioned on the left side and the two first director metal blocks (71) positioned on the right side are provided with longitudinally distributed first gaps (711);
two first director metal blocks (71) positioned at the front side and two first director metal blocks (71) positioned at the rear side are provided with second gaps (712) distributed transversely;
second director metal blocks (72) which are longitudinally distributed are arranged on the upper surface of the middle-layer dielectric plate (6) at positions corresponding to the transverse middle positions of the first gaps (711);
for the lower dielectric plate (8), a first alternating current feeder (1101) and a second alternating current feeder (1102) are arranged at the right end of the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate;
the longitudinal middle position of the first alternating current feeder line (1101) is vertically intersected with one end of the second alternating current feeder line (1102);
the other end of the second alternating current feeder line (1102) is an SMA joint mounting end (14);
the SMA connector mounting end (14) is provided with an SMA connector;
an SMA connector for providing excitation to the antenna;
for the upper dielectric slab (1), the left end and the right end of the upper surface are respectively provided with a horizontal wall (4) which is horizontally and longitudinally distributed;
for the lower dielectric slab (8), the left end and the right end of the upper surface of the lower dielectric slab are respectively and vertically provided with a vertical wall (10) which is longitudinally distributed under the two horizontal walls (4);
each vertical wall (10) is connected with the horizontal wall (4) right above the vertical wall;
the floor (9) on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate (8) is provided with two same stepped grooves (90).
2. The broadband solar cell antenna based on the mezzanine director as claimed in claim 1, wherein, regarding the connection structure of the vertical wall (10) and the horizontal wall (4) above it, the following are specified:
the outer side of each horizontal wall (4) is respectively provided with three vertical wall connecting open grooves (401);
the top of each vertical wall (10) is provided with a connecting bump (101) at the position corresponding to the three vertical wall connecting open grooves (401);
and the connecting convex blocks (101) are correspondingly inserted into the vertical wall connecting opening grooves (401).
3. The broadband solar cell antenna based on a mid-layer director as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the bus bar (3) is U-shaped.
4. The broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle director as set forth in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the lower dielectric sheet (8) is greater than that of the upper dielectric sheet (1) and less than that of the middle dielectric sheet (6).
5. The broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle layer director as claimed in claim 4, wherein the thickness of the upper dielectric plate (1) is 0.4 mm, the thickness of the middle dielectric plate (6) is 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the lower dielectric plate (8) is 0.762 mm.
6. The broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle director as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vertical distance between the upper dielectric sheet (1) and the middle dielectric sheet (6) is larger than the vertical distance between the middle dielectric sheet (6) and the lower dielectric sheet (8).
7. The broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle director as claimed in claim 6, wherein the vertical distance between the upper dielectric sheet (1) and the middle dielectric sheet (6) is 4.9 mm, and the vertical distance between the middle dielectric sheet (6) and the lower dielectric sheet (8) is 2.7825 mm.
8. The mid-tier director-based broadband solar cell antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein two strings of solar cells (2) are parallel to each other;
the transverse spacing distance between the two solar cell strings is 2.5 mm;
the size of each solar cell string (2) is as follows: length 79.75 mm x width 40.8 mm.
9. The broadband solar cell antenna based on the middle director as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the upper dielectric sheet (1), the middle dielectric sheet (6) and the lower dielectric sheet (8) are rectangular in shape;
the upper-layer dielectric plate (1) is provided with a mounting through hole (5) at the four-angle position and at the left side and the right side of each bus bar (3);
the lower-layer dielectric plate (8) is provided with one mounting through hole (5) at the position corresponding to each mounting through hole (5) of the upper-layer dielectric plate (1);
the middle-layer dielectric plate (6) is positioned right below the middle part of the upper-layer dielectric plate (1);
the four corners of the middle-layer dielectric plate (6) are respectively provided with an installation through hole (5);
four mounting through holes (5) on the middle-layer dielectric plate (6) and four mounting through holes (5) which are arranged on the left side and the right side of each bus bar (3) together with the upper-layer dielectric plate (1) are arranged in an up-down positive correspondence mode.
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