CN114156447A - Sandwich structure composite material for magnesium ion battery anode and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Sandwich structure composite material for magnesium ion battery anode and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114156447A
CN114156447A CN202111360199.5A CN202111360199A CN114156447A CN 114156447 A CN114156447 A CN 114156447A CN 202111360199 A CN202111360199 A CN 202111360199A CN 114156447 A CN114156447 A CN 114156447A
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composite material
hncnc
ion battery
magnesium
sandwich structure
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宫庆华
齐志豪
汤功奥
王喜章
吴强
杨立军
胡征
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Nanjing Laizhang New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5805Phosphides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a sandwich structure composite material for a magnesium ion battery anode, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (hNCNC) with a hierarchical structure by using MgO as a template through a chemical vapor deposition method; s2, preparing a CuS/hNCNC composite material by a solvothermal method by using ethylene glycol as a solvent, copper nitrate as a copper source, thiourea as a sulfur source and ethylenediamine as a chelating agent; s3, ultrasonically dispersing CuS/hNCNC and Graphene Oxide (GO) in water, taking ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, and performing hydrothermal reduction and vacuum freeze drying to obtain a sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material; the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO magnesium ion battery anode material prepared by the invention has a unique structure and can improve the complex structureThe conductivity and magnesium storage performance of the composite material are 100mAg–1Shows 285mAhg at current density of–1Specific capacity of 1000mAg–1Has a current density of 158mAhg–1The specific capacity shows excellent rate performance, and after circulating for 1000 circles, the specific capacity can still reach 110mAhg–1And exhibits excellent cycle stability.

Description

Sandwich structure composite material for magnesium ion battery anode and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries, in particular to a sandwich structure composite material for a magnesium-ion battery anode and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing prominence of energy and environmental problems, the development of novel renewable energy is imminent, and the novel energy storage technology which is continuously and stably used in colleges and universities has important significance on the development and utilization of novel energy, and the magnesium ion battery has rich magnesium resources, low price and high volume specific capacity (3833mAh cm)-3) The magnesium negative electrode has the advantages of no dendrite formation, high safety and the like, has good application prospect in a large power battery system, and is rapidly becoming a promising energy storage and conversion technology, however, the metal magnesium negative electrode is very easy to react with the traditional electrolyte to form a passivation film, and magnesium ions cannot pass through the passivation film, so that the reversible deposition/dissolution reaction of the magnesium ions is difficult to carry out, and the development of the magnesium ion battery is hindered, therefore, the development of a novel positive electrode material, the utilization of nanotechnology, the construction of composite materials and other strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode material are of great significance for promoting the development of the positive electrode material of the magnesium ion battery and the commercialization of the high-energy density magnesium ion battery;
copper sulfide (CuS) is a conversion type material and has higher theoretical specific capacity (560mAh g)-1) But at room temperature due to Mg2+The slow diffusion dynamics leads to unsatisfactory multiplying power and cycle performance, therefore, the realization of high magnesium storage at room temperature is crucial to the promotion of the practical application of the cathode from the viewpoint of energy conservation and convenient use, at present, researchers adopt a series of means to improve the performance of the magnesium ion battery, including nanocrystallization (ACS applied. Mater. interfaces 2019,11,7046-Different morphologies (adv.Mater.2020,32,1905524; ACS appl.Mater.Interfaces 2020,12, 35035-.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sandwich structure composite material for a magnesium ion battery anode and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the problems of low specific capacity and poor cycle performance at room temperature of a CuS anode material prepared by a strategy proposed in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium ion battery anode comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (hNCNC) with a hierarchical structure by using MgO as a template through a chemical vapor deposition method;
s2, preparing a CuS/hNCNC composite material by a solvothermal method by using ethylene glycol as a solvent, copper nitrate as a copper source, thiourea as a sulfur source and ethylenediamine as a chelating agent;
s3, ultrasonically dispersing CuS/hNCNC and Graphene Oxide (GO) in water, taking ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, and performing hydrothermal reduction and vacuum freeze drying to obtain a sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material;
s4, taking the obtained CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material with the sandwich structure as a magnesium ion battery anode material, wherein the voltage window of an electrochemical performance test is 0.3-2.2V, and the current density is 100-–1
According to the technical scheme, the molar ratio of the copper source to the sulfur source in the S2 is 1: 2.
According to the technical scheme, the solvothermal temperature in the S2 is 150 ℃, and the time is 24 h.
According to the technical scheme, the CuS/hNCNC composite material with the sandwich structure in the S4 not only maintains the hierarchical structure of NCNC, but also maintains the coexistence characteristic of micro-meso-macro pores.
According toIn the technical scheme, the electrolyte of the magnesium ion battery is Mg (HMDS)2-AlCl3DGDME, magnesium ion concentration in the electrolyte 0.3mol L-1
According to the technical scheme, the obtained material is applied to a magnesium ion battery, and the current density is 100mAg–1Specific capacity of 285mAh g–1Current density of 1000mAg–1Specific capacity of 158mAh g–1And after 1000 cycles, the specific capacity can still reach 110mAh g–1
According to the technical scheme, the composite material has a unique sandwich structure, takes hNCNC as a carrier, anchors CuS nano-particles on the surface of the hNCNC, and is wrapped by rGO.
According to the technical scheme, the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium ion battery anode is characterized by being prepared according to any step of the preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium ion battery anode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: preparing nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (hNCNC) with a hierarchical structure by using MgO as a template through a chemical vapor deposition method; the method comprises the following steps of preparing a CuS/hNCNC composite material by using ethylene glycol as a solvent, copper nitrate as a copper source, thiourea as a sulfur source and ethylenediamine as a chelating agent through a solvothermal method, further ultrasonically dispersing the CuS/hNCNC and Graphene Oxide (GO) in water, using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, and preparing the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material with a sandwich structure through hydrothermal reduction, wherein the method provides an effective strategy for developing a novel magnesium ion battery anode material with high discharge specific capacity and high energy density at room temperature, and realizes the following effects:
(1) the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO magnesium ion battery anode material prepared by the method has a unique sandwich structure;
(2) by adopting the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO magnesium ion battery anode material prepared by the invention, nitrogen doping can improve the dispersibility of CuS on the NCNC surface with a hierarchical structure;
(3) by adopting the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO magnesium ion battery anode material prepared by the invention, the rGO is wrapped to inhibit the differentiation and loss of an active material;
(4) the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO magnesium ion battery anode material prepared by the method has a unique structure, can improve the conductivity and magnesium storage performance of the composite material, and has the magnesium storage capacity of 100mAg–1Shows 285mAh g at current density of–1Specific capacity of 1000mAg–1Has a current density of 158mAh g–1The specific capacity shows excellent rate performance, and after circulating for 1000 circles, the specific capacity can still reach 110mAh g–1And exhibits excellent cycle stability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material.
FIG. 3 shows the cycling performance of the sandwich CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material at a current density of 100 mAg-1.
FIG. 4 the rate capability of the sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material.
FIG. 5 shows that the current density of the sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material is 1000mAg–1Cycling performance of the time.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1:
the invention provides a technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 8g of basic magnesium carbonate (4 MgCO) having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure3﹒Mg(OH)2﹒5H2O) into a quartz tube in a vertical furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under Ar atmosphere, and introducing 1mL of pyridine at a rate of 0.1mL/minKeeping the temperature in a quartz tube for 60min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (NCNC);
(2) 30mg of NCNC was dispersed ultrasonically in 60mL of ethylene glycol, and 1mmol of Cu (NO) was added3)2·3H2Stirring O,2mmol thiourea and 0.05mL ethylenediamine for 3h, transferring to a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, preserving heat at 150 ℃ for 24h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with water and ethanol for several times, and drying at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain a CuS/hNCNC composite material;
(3) ultrasonically dispersing 40mg of CuS/hNCNC in 5mL of 2mg/mL GO aqueous solution, then adding 10mg of ascorbic acid, stirring for 1h, heating for 12h at 90 ℃, washing for several times by deionized water, and freeze-drying to obtain the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material, wherein the transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope photos of the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material are shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2;
the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO has a unique sandwich structure, the conductivity is 99S/m, and the magnesium storage performance of the button cell is tested by assembling the button cell at 100mA g–1Shows 285mAh g at current density of–1Specific capacity of 1000mAg–1Has a current density of 158mAh g–1The specific capacity shows excellent rate performance, and after circulating for 1000 circles, the specific capacity can still reach 110mAh g–1And exhibits excellent cycle stability.
Example 2:
the invention provides a technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 8g of basic magnesium carbonate (4 MgCO) having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure3﹒Mg(OH)2﹒5H2O) adding the mixture into a quartz tube in a vertical furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min under the Ar atmosphere, introducing 1mL of pyridine into the quartz tube at the speed of 0.1mL/min, preserving the heat for 60min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon nanocage (NCNC);
(2) 30mg of NCNC was dispersed ultrasonically in 60mL of ethylene glycol, and 1mmol of Cu (NO) was added3)2·3H2Stirring O,2mmol of sulfur powder and 0.05mL of ethylenediamine for 3h, transferring to a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, preserving heat at 150 ℃ for 24h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with water and ethanolWashing for several times, and drying at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain a CuS/hNCNC composite material;
(3) dispersing 40mg of CuS/hNCNC in 5mL of 2mg/mL GO water solution by ultrasonic, then adding 10mg of ascorbic acid, stirring for 1h, heating for 12h at 90 ℃, washing with deionized water for several times, and freeze-drying to obtain the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material.
Example 3:
the invention provides a technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 8g of basic magnesium carbonate (4 MgCO) having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure3﹒Mg(OH)2﹒5H2O) adding the mixture into a quartz tube in a vertical furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min under the Ar atmosphere, introducing 1mL of pyridine into the quartz tube at the speed of 0.1mL/min, preserving the heat for 60min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon nanocage (NCNC);
(2) 30mg of NCNC was dispersed ultrasonically in 60mL of ethylene glycol, and 1mmol of Cu (NO) was added3)2·3H2Stirring O,2mmol thioacetamide and 0.05mL ethylenediamine for 3h, transferring the mixture into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, preserving the heat at 150 ℃ for 24h, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature, washing the mixture for a plurality of times by using water and ethanol, and drying the mixture at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain a CuS/hNCNC composite material;
(3) dispersing 40mg of CuS/hNCNC in 5mL of 2mg/mL GO water solution by ultrasonic, then adding 10mg of ascorbic acid, stirring for 1h, heating for 12h at 90 ℃, washing with deionized water for several times, and freeze-drying to obtain the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material.
Example 4:
the invention provides a technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 8g of basic magnesium carbonate (4 MgCO) having a three-dimensional hierarchical structure3﹒Mg(OH)2﹒5H2O) adding the mixture into a quartz tube in a vertical furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min under the Ar atmosphere, introducing 1mL of pyridine into the quartz tube at the speed of 0.1mL/min, preserving the heat for 60min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a nitrogen-doped carbon nanocage (NCNC);
(2) 30mg of NCNC was dispersed ultrasonically in 60mL of ethylene glycol,adding 1mmol of Cu (NO)3)2·3H2Stirring O,2mmol thiourea and 0.05mL ethylenediamine for 3h, transferring to a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, preserving heat at 150 ℃ for 24h, naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with water and ethanol for several times, and drying at 70 ℃ overnight to obtain a CuS/hNCNC composite material;
(3) dispersing 40mg of CuS/hNCNC in 5mL of 2mg/mL GO water solution by ultrasonic, then adding 10mg of ascorbic acid, stirring for 1h, heating for 12h at 90 ℃, washing with deionized water for several times, and obtaining the CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium ion battery anode is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (hNCNC) with a hierarchical structure by using MgO as a template through a chemical vapor deposition method;
s2, preparing a CuS/hNCNC composite material by a solvothermal method by using ethylene glycol as a solvent, copper nitrate as a copper source, thiourea as a sulfur source and ethylenediamine as a chelating agent;
s3, ultrasonically dispersing CuS/hNCNC and Graphene Oxide (GO) in water, taking ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, and performing hydrothermal reduction and vacuum freeze drying to obtain a sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material;
s4, taking the obtained CuS/hNCNC @ rGO composite material with the sandwich structure as a magnesium ion battery anode material, wherein the voltage window of an electrochemical performance test is 0.3-2.2V, and the current density is 100-–1
2. The method for preparing the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the copper source to the sulfur source in the S2 is 1: 2.
3. The method for preparing the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery anode according to claim 1, wherein the solvothermal temperature in the S2 is 150 ℃ and the time is 24 hours.
4. The method for preparing the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery positive electrode according to claim 1, wherein the S4 sandwich structure CuS/hNCNC composite material maintains the hierarchical structure of NCNC and the coexistence of micro-meso-macro pores.
5. The sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery anode of claim 1 and the preparation method thereof, wherein the magnesium-ion battery electrolyte is Mg (HMDS)2-AlCl3DGDME, magnesium ion concentration in the electrolyte 0.3mol L-1
6. The method for preparing the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery anode according to claim 1, wherein the obtained material is applied to a magnesium-ion battery, and the current density is 100mA g–1Specific capacity of 285mAh g–1The current density is 1000mA g–1Specific capacity of 158mAh g–1And after 1000 cycles, the specific capacity can still reach 110mAh g–1
7. The method for preparing the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery anode according to claim 1, wherein the composite material has a unique sandwich structure, takes hNCNC as a carrier, anchors CuS nanoparticles on the surface of the hNCNC, and wraps the hNCNC with rGO.
8. The sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery positive electrode is characterized by being prepared by any step of the preparation method of the sandwich structure composite material for the magnesium-ion battery positive electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
CN202111360199.5A 2021-11-17 2021-11-17 Sandwich structure composite material for magnesium ion battery anode and preparation method thereof Pending CN114156447A (en)

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