CN114150234A - Temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for valve body and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for valve body and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of material component design and preparation, in particular to a temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for a valve body and a preparation method thereof. The steel for the valve body comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c is 0.08-0.20%; 0.20-0.40% of Si; mn is 0.8-1.5%; 0.10-0.20% of Cr; mo is 0.1-0.25%; v is 0.1-0.20%; ni is 0.10-1.00%; al is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.005%, RE is less than or equal to 0.02%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and Fe for the rest, the total amount is 100%. In the preparation method, the valve body steel is prepared by preparing raw materials, smelting, refining, casting into an ingot, preparing into a forged material through homogenization treatment and superfine treatment, and performing performance heat treatment. According to the invention, through the optimization design of alloy components, the purification treatment of molten steel and the control of forging and heat treatment structures, the steel for the valve body can obtain good comprehensive performance finally.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material component design and preparation, in particular to a temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for a valve body and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-strength valve body steel has wide application in the fields of ocean engineering, high-pressure transportation, valve body forging and the like, and part of the high-strength valve body steel with excellent comprehensive performance can also be used for ocean oil exploitation and transportation. The working conditions of the high-strength steel for the valve body are increasingly harsh, and the performance requirements of the steel for the valve body are increasingly high in order to guarantee the service life of the valve body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for a valve body and a preparation method thereof, so that the high-strength steel for the valve body can obtain better corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and high-temperature stability, and has excellent comprehensive performance so as to meet the service requirement of the high-strength steel for the valve body in a severe working environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for the valve body comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c is 0.08-0.20%; 0.20-0.40% of Si; mn is 0.8-1.5%; 0.10-0.20% of Cr; mo is 0.1-0.25%; v is 0.1-0.20%; ni is 0.10-1.00%; al is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.005%, RE is less than or equal to 0.02%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and the balance of Fe, the total amount being 100%; the carbon equivalent Ceq is C + Mn/6+ (Cr + Mo + V)/5+ (Ni + Cu)/15 is less than or equal to 0.43 percent.
The temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for the valve body has the following inclusion requirements: the class A inclusion is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the class B inclusion is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the class C inclusion is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, the class D inclusion is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and the class DS inclusion is less than or equal to 1.5 grade.
Temperature resistant high strength steel material for the valve body, preferred, N: 0.015-0.020%, 0.01-0.1% of RE, and preferably 0.018%, wherein the yield strength of the material is not less than 500MPa at 150 ℃.
According to the preparation method of the steel material for the temperature-resistant high-strength valve body, raw materials are prepared according to chemical components of steel, smelting and refining are carried out, and a forging material is prepared through homogenization treatment and superfine treatment; after forging, forming the steel for the valve body through performance heat treatment; wherein, the homogenization treatment adopts a pre-deformation + three-section form high-temperature uniform heating process, and the three-section temperature is respectively as follows: 1200-1220 ℃, 1220-1240 ℃ and 1250-1300 ℃, the total heat preservation time is more than or equal to 1h/25mm, the temperature of the three sections is gradually increased, and the heat preservation time of each section is the same; the technological process and technological parameters of the ultra-fine treatment are as follows: the forging material is rapidly cooled during heating to 940-1200 ℃, in the rapid cooling process, the cooling speed of the forging material is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.5 ℃/S in a temperature range of more than 200 ℃, and the forging material is taken out of a furnace and cooled to room temperature when the cooling speed is lower than 200 ℃.
The preparation method of the steel material for the temperature-resistant high-strength valve body comprises the following steps of carrying out rare earth treatment after full deoxidation and desulfurization treatment during smelting and refining, wherein the rare earth is pure rare earth with the oxygen content of less than 200ppm, and the rare earth component mainly adopts light rare earth; after rare earth treatment, the oxygen content of the steel material for the valve body is controlled below 15ppm, and the quantity proportion of the ball inclusions accounts for more than or equal to 85 percent of the total amount of the inclusions.
The preparation method of the steel material for the temperature-resistant high-strength valve body comprises the following heat treatment processes:
(1) isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment: the heat preservation time in the two-phase region is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and the temperature in the two-phase region is between AC1 and AC 3; then furnace cooling is carried out to 450-760 ℃ for heat preservation treatment, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and then furnace cooling is carried out to room temperature;
(2) quenching and tempering are carried out after isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment: setting the quenching temperature at AC3+ 130-170 ℃, and then forming a martensite + retained austenite structure by controlling the cooling speed;
(3) tempering after the quenching and tempering: and (3) tempering more than two times, wherein the highest tempering temperature is related to the use hardness of the material, the tempering temperature range is 430-680 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and the material is air-cooled to the room temperature after each tempering.
The design ideas and the synergistic effects of all chemical components of the high-performance high-strength valve body steel are as follows: the relationship between the element content and the hardenability and the strength of the material is known through the content blending of elements such as C, Si, Cr, Mn, Mo, V, Ni, N, Re and the like; the relation between the elements and the toughness of the material is known through blending the contents of the elements such as C, N, V, Re; the function of refining crystal grains is achieved by blending a proper amount of element V, and the control of deoxidation is realized by controlling the contents of Si and Al. The key point of the material is that the material has high yield strength, the N, Re alloying effect is mainly adopted, the Mn, Ni and Mo contents of the material are adjusted to ensure the impact property, and finally the strength of the material at high temperature is not reduced.
The principle of the preparation method of the steel for the high-strength valve body is as follows: the invention homogenizes the material by high-temperature diffusion, refines grains by solid phase change in steel, further optimizes the distribution of precipitated phases by dissolution, nucleation and re-precipitation of the precipitated phases and improves the material performance. In addition, the homogenization treatment adopts a pre-deformation and three-section form high-temperature uniform heating process, and the action mechanism is as follows: after the forging stock is deformed, the number of the vacant sites is increased, and the diffusion speed of alloy elements can be increased by high-temperature treatment, so that the components are more uniform.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the steel material for the high-performance valve body is developed by optimizing the components of the high-strength valve body steel and selecting a special heat treatment method for research, can meet the use requirements of high-end marine valve body materials, and can meet the following performances: when the hardness is adjusted to 180-200 HB, the impact energy of the V-shaped opening is more than or equal to 70J, and the tensile strength at 150 ℃ exceeds 600 MPa.
2. The steel grade has stable performance after high-temperature diffusion homogenization treatment and thermal refining treatment, and can be used for valve bodies, high-end ocean engineering steel and the like.
3. The method for smelting, forging and heat treatment of the steel material for the high-strength valve body can be widely applied to preparation of the steel for the high-strength valve body.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the steel for the high-strength valve body comprises the following alloy components in percentage by weight: c is 0.08-0.20%; 0.20-0.40% of Si; mn is 0.8-1.5%; 0.10-0.20% of Cr; mo is 0.1-0.25%; v is 0.1-0.20%; ni is 0.10-1.00%; al is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.005%, RE is less than or equal to 0.02%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and Fe for the rest, the total amount is 100%.
The steel is different from the conventional high-strength steel for valve bodies in that: the carbon content range is higher than that of the conventional high-strength valve body steel, the key point is that N, Re alloying is adopted, the content of N tends to be on the middle-to-upper line, and Re is adopted for strengthening to improve the high-temperature strength.
In the preparation method, the high-strength steel for the valve body is prepared by preparing raw materials, smelting, refining, casting into an ingot, preparing into a forged material through homogenization treatment and superfine treatment, and performing performance heat treatment. During smelting and refining, considering the requirements of high-purity steel and improvement of material isotropy, performing rare earth treatment after full deoxidation and desulfurization treatment, wherein the rare earth is high-purity rare earth with the oxygen content less than 200ppm, and the rare earth mainly adopts light rare earth (such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and the like); after rare earth treatment, the oxygen content of the steel material for the valve body is controlled below 15ppm, and the quantity proportion of the ball inclusions accounts for more than or equal to 85 percent of the total amount of the inclusions.
In the invention, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and the meaning is as follows: calculated according to the maximum wall thickness of the steel for the high-strength valve body and the heat preservation time of 1 hour per 25 mm.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the steel material for the high-strength valve body comprises the following components:
the carbon equivalent Ceq of the steel material for the high-strength valve body is 0.39%, and the heat treatment adopts the following steps:
firstly, the material steel is pre-deformed and subjected to three-stage high-temperature component homogenization treatment, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, furnace cooling is carried out to below 200 ℃ after the homogenization treatment, and the material steel is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature. Wherein, the pre-deformation refers to the first heating of the forging stock, and only the shape of the steel ingot is regulated without upsetting; the three-stage high-temperature component homogenization treatment temperature is respectively as follows: 1210 ℃, 1230 ℃ and 1280 ℃, the temperature of the three sections is gradually increased, the heat preservation time of each section is the same, and the effects and effects are as follows: the forged material can not be overheated or overburnt, and can promote the rapid diffusion of alloy elements at high temperature.
Secondly, the material steel is forged and then is subjected to isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment, the temperature is firstly preserved at 880 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, then the furnace is cooled to 740 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is continued, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and then the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
Thirdly, quenching and tempering the material steel, wherein the quenching temperature is 1050 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, oil quenching is carried out to the room temperature, the tempering temperature in two times is 615 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after each tempering.
After heat treatment, the material properties were as follows:
the hardness is 195HRC, the V-port impact energy is 90J, the tensile strength is 680MPa, and the yield strength is 560MPa at 150 ℃.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the steel material for the high-strength valve body comprises the following components:
the carbon equivalent Ceq of the steel material for the high-strength valve body is 0.42 percent, and the heat treatment adopts the following steps:
firstly, the material steel is pre-deformed and subjected to three-stage high-temperature component homogenization treatment, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, furnace cooling is carried out to below 200 ℃ after the homogenization treatment, and the material steel is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature. Wherein, the pre-deformation refers to the first heating of the forging stock, and only the shape of the steel ingot is regulated without upsetting; the three-stage high-temperature component homogenization treatment temperature is respectively as follows: the temperature of three sections of 1200 ℃, 1220 ℃ and 1250 ℃ is gradually increased, and the heat preservation time of each section is the same, so that the effect and the effect are that the forged material can not be overheated or over-burnt, and the alloy elements can be promoted to be rapidly diffused at high temperature.
Secondly, the material steel is forged and then is subjected to isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment, the heat preservation is carried out at 890 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, then the furnace is cooled to 730 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is continued, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and then the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
Thirdly, quenching and tempering the material steel, wherein the quenching temperature is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, oil quenching is carried out to the room temperature, the tempering temperature for two times is both selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after each tempering.
After heat treatment, the material properties were as follows:
the hardness is 213RC, the V-port impact energy is 80J, the tensile strength is 690MPa, and the yield strength is 565MPa at 150 ℃.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the steel material for the high-strength valve body comprises the following components:
the carbon equivalent Ceq of the steel material for the high-strength valve body is 0.42 percent, and the heat treatment adopts the following steps:
firstly, the material steel is pre-deformed and subjected to three-stage high-temperature component homogenization treatment, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, furnace cooling is carried out to below 200 ℃ after the homogenization treatment, and the material steel is taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature. Wherein, the pre-deformation refers to the first heating of the forging stock, and only the shape of the steel ingot is regulated without upsetting; the three-stage high-temperature component homogenization treatment temperature is respectively as follows: the three sections of the temperature of 1220 ℃, 1240 ℃ and 1300 ℃ are gradually increased, and the heat preservation time of each section is the same, so that the effect and the effect are that the forged material can not be overheated or over-burnt, and the alloy elements can be promoted to be rapidly diffused at high temperature.
Secondly, the material steel is forged and then is subjected to isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment, firstly, the temperature is preserved at 870 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, then, the furnace is cooled to 720 ℃, the heat preservation treatment is continued, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and then, the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
Thirdly, quenching and tempering the material steel, selecting the quenching temperature of 1040 ℃, selecting the heat preservation time according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, carrying out oil quenching to the room temperature, selecting the tempering temperature of 615 ℃ for two times, selecting the heat preservation time according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and carrying out air cooling to the room temperature after each tempering.
After heat treatment, the material properties were as follows:
the hardness is 208HRC, the V-notch impact energy is 80J, the tensile strength is 670MPa, and the yield strength is 555MPa at 150 ℃.
The embodiment result shows that the valve body steel finally obtains good comprehensive performance through the optimization design of alloy components, the purification treatment of molten steel and the control of forging and heat treatment structures. The novel high-strength valve steel can meet the technical requirements after being treated by the preparation method, and can meet the use requirements of high-temperature valves.
Claims (6)
1. The temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for the valve body is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: c is 0.08-0.20%; 0.20-0.40% of Si; mn is 0.8-1.5%; 0.10-0.20% of Cr; mo is 0.1-0.25%; v is 0.1-0.20%; ni is 0.10-1.00%; al is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.005%, RE is less than or equal to 0.02%, N: 0.010-0.020%, and the balance of Fe, the total amount being 100%; the carbon equivalent Ceq is C + Mn/6+ (Cr + Mo + V)/5+ (Ni + Cu)/15 is less than or equal to 0.43 percent.
2. The steel material for a temperature-resistant high-strength valve body according to claim 1, characterized in that inclusion requirements are as follows: the class A inclusion is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the class B inclusion is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the class C inclusion is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, the class D inclusion is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and the class DS inclusion is less than or equal to 1.5 grade.
3. The steel material for a temperature-resistant high-strength valve body according to claim 1, wherein preferably, the ratio of N: 0.015-0.020%, RE 0.01-0.1%, and the yield strength of the material is not less than 500MPa at 150 ℃.
4. A method for preparing a steel material for a temperature-resistant high-strength valve body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that raw materials are prepared according to the chemical composition of the steel, and are subjected to smelting, refining, homogenization treatment and ultrafine treatment to prepare a forged material; after forging, forming the steel for the valve body through performance heat treatment; wherein, the homogenization treatment adopts a pre-deformation + three-section form high-temperature uniform heating process, and the three-section temperature is respectively as follows: 1200-1220 ℃, 1220-1240 ℃ and 1250-1300 ℃, the total heat preservation time is more than or equal to 1h/25mm, the temperature of the three sections is gradually increased, and the heat preservation time of each section is the same; the technological process and technological parameters of the ultra-fine treatment are as follows: the forging material is rapidly cooled during heating to 940-1200 ℃, in the rapid cooling process, the cooling speed of the forging material is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.5 ℃/S in a temperature range of more than 200 ℃, and the forging material is taken out of a furnace and cooled to room temperature when the cooling speed is lower than 200 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for the valve body according to claim 4, wherein during smelting and refining, rare earth treatment is performed after sufficient deoxidation and desulfurization treatment, and the rare earth is pure rare earth with oxygen content less than 200ppm, and the rare earth component is mainly light rare earth; after rare earth treatment, the oxygen content of the steel material for the valve body is controlled below 15ppm, and the quantity proportion of the ball inclusions accounts for more than or equal to 85 percent of the total amount of the inclusions.
6. The preparation method of the temperature-resistant high-strength steel material for the valve body according to claim 4, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment: the heat preservation time in the two-phase region is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and the temperature in the two-phase region is between AC1 and AC 3; then furnace cooling is carried out to 450-760 ℃ for heat preservation treatment, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and then furnace cooling is carried out to room temperature;
(2) quenching and tempering are carried out after isothermal spheroidizing annealing treatment: setting the quenching temperature at AC3+ 130-170 ℃, and then forming a martensite + retained austenite structure by controlling the cooling speed;
(3) tempering after the quenching and tempering: and (3) tempering more than two times, wherein the highest tempering temperature is related to the use hardness of the material, the tempering temperature range is 430-680 ℃, the heat preservation time is selected according to the thickness of 1h/25mm, and the material is air-cooled to the room temperature after each tempering.
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