CN114149127A - Multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation comprehensive crystallization device - Google Patents
Multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation comprehensive crystallization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114149127A CN114149127A CN202111363672.5A CN202111363672A CN114149127A CN 114149127 A CN114149127 A CN 114149127A CN 202111363672 A CN202111363672 A CN 202111363672A CN 114149127 A CN114149127 A CN 114149127A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation comprehensive crystallization device, which comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation system and a multi-effect evaporation system which are sequentially connected; the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation assembly, the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly is an air gap type membrane distillation assembly with an internal latent heat recovery function, and the multi-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system. The invention adopts the design of a comprehensive integrated device, optimizes the whole device, can recycle valuable inorganic salt, precious metal and condensed water source, saves energy and reduces consumption, and has good investment benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to a multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation comprehensive crystallization device.
Background
During the process of oil field exploitation, a great amount of minerals in strata can be dissolved by the produced underground water and the injected water, so that the mineralization degree of the reinjected water is very high, and the reinjected water with high mineralization degree can greatly reduce the recovery ratio, corrode pipelines and bring a plurality of problems to exploitation and transportation. The high-concentration mineralized aqueous solution can be used only through the desalination processes of concentration and desalination.
Conventional concentration techniques include multi-stage flash evaporation, multi-effect evaporation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and the like. Reverse osmosis technology has been widely used in desalination of sea water, treatment of waste water and desalination. When the reverse osmosis technology is used for desalination treatment, the recovery rate of fresh water is about 50% -75%, and the rest is discharged as reverse osmosis concentrated brine. The concentration of various ions in the concentrated brine is 2-4 times of that in the original brine, and if the concentrated brine is directly discharged, the concentrated brine not only pollutes the environment but also wastes water and inorganic salt resources. Meanwhile, the discharge of the concentrated solution is reduced, the utilization rate of water is improved, and the cost control in the reverse osmosis process is reduced. The general mode of reverse osmosis strong brine reuse adopts evaporation crystallization devices such as multiple-effect evaporation, multistage flash evaporation and the like to carry out deep concentration on reverse osmosis strong brine to realize decrement discharge and even near zero discharge of the strong brine.
The operation safety of the multi-stage flash evaporation and the multi-effect evaporation is higher, and the technology is quite mature. However, the heat efficiency of the multi-effect evaporation process commonly used in chemical plants is very low, and the water generation ratio generally does not exceed 5, so that the operation cost is higher when dilute solution is treated, the salt solution has strong corrosivity, and the multi-effect evaporation equipment needs to adopt expensive corrosion-resistant materials, so that the investment cost is greatly increased. The reverse osmosis technology is a phase-change-free process, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple and convenient operation and the like, but the process has strict requirements on pretreatment and cannot treat high-concentration inorganic salt aqueous solution. The electrodialysis technology can concentrate the salt solution to 15% or even higher, but when the salt concentration is too high, the process consumes more electricity, and the produced fresh water has higher salt content and can not be directly discharged or used. The membrane distillation technology has the advantages of mild operation conditions, high rejection rate, capability of utilizing low-grade heat sources, capability of treating high-concentration salt solutions which cannot be treated by the reverse osmosis technology and the like, but the traditional membrane distillation technology generally has low thermal efficiency at present, and the thermal efficiency represented by the water generation ratio is only 0.2-1.0, so that the industrial application is difficult to realize.
Therefore, how to provide an efficient and energy-saving device and technology for saline solution treatment is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device combining a multi-effect membrane distillation system and a multi-effect evaporation system for treatment, which effectively reduces the treatment cost, and is efficient and energy-saving.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation integrated crystallization device comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation system and a multi-effect evaporation system which are sequentially connected;
the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation assembly, and the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly is an air gap type membrane distillation assembly with an internal latent heat recovery function;
the multi-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system.
Preferably, the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation assembly, the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly comprises hollow fiber membranes and solid wall capillaries which are arranged in a staggered mode, the water inlet end of each solid wall capillary is connected with the feed liquid storage tank, and the water outlet end of each solid wall capillary is communicated with the water inlet of the first heat exchanger; the water inlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with the water outlet of the first heat exchanger, the water outlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with the water inlet of the second heat exchanger, the water outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the feed liquid storage tank, and a condensate liquid guide outlet is formed in the side wall of the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly.
Preferably, a magnetic pump is arranged between the feed liquid storage tank and the water inlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube.
Preferably, the water inlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube is provided with a flow meter.
Preferably, the water inlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is provided with a pressure gauge.
Preferably, thermometers are arranged at the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube and the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the hollow fiber membrane.
Preferably, a return pipeline is arranged between the feed liquid storage tank and the water inlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube, and a valve is arranged on the return pipeline.
Preferably, the multi-effect evaporation system is a multi-effect countercurrent evaporation system, and a feed liquid storage tank of the multi-effect membrane distillation system is communicated with a feed inlet of the multi-effect evaporation system.
Preferably, the multi-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system.
Preferably, the multi-effect evaporation system comprises a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is a water ring vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is communicated with a condenser.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the integrated device is designed in a comprehensive integrated mode, the whole device is optimized, valuable inorganic salt, precious metal and condensed water sources can be recycled, energy is saved, consumption is reduced, and good investment benefits are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-effect membrane distillation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the multi-effect evaporation system of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the multi-effect membrane distillation process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in attached figures 1-2, the multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation integrated crystallization device comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation system and a multi-effect evaporation system which are connected in sequence;
the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation component, the multi-effect membrane distillation component is an air gap type membrane distillation component with an internal latent heat recovery function, and the multi-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system.
As shown in the attached drawing 1, the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation assembly 9, wherein the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly 9 comprises hollow fiber membranes and solid wall capillaries which are arranged in a staggered mode, the water inlet end of each solid wall capillary is connected with a feed liquid storage tank 1, and the water outlet end of each solid wall capillary is communicated with the water inlet of a heat exchanger I6; the water inlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with the water outlet of the first heat exchanger 6, the water outlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with the water inlet of the second heat exchanger 4, the water outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the feed liquid storage tank 1, the side wall of the multi-effect membrane distillation component 9 is provided with a condensate leading-out port 10, the condensate leading-out port 10 is communicated with the feed liquid storage tank 1, a condensate sampling port 11 is further arranged at the position of the condensate leading-out port 10, a magnetic pump 2 is arranged between the feed liquid storage tank 1 and the water inlet end of the solid wall capillary tube, the water inlet end of the solid wall capillary tube is provided with a flow meter 12, the water inlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is provided with a pressure meter 8, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the solid wall capillary tube are respectively provided with a thermometer 5, and a return pipeline 14 is arranged between the feed liquid storage tank 1 and the water inlet end of the solid wall capillary tube, a valve 13 is arranged on the return line 14.
The working principle of the solid-wall capillary tube and the hollow fiber membrane in the multi-effect membrane distillation process is shown in fig. 3, the multi-effect membrane distillation process is air gap type membrane distillation, cold feed liquid with the temperature of T1 flows from bottom to top in the solid-wall capillary tube, the cold feed liquid absorbs condensation heat of water vapor molecules condensed in the solid-wall capillary tube in the flowing process to increase the temperature, the temperature when the cold feed liquid flows out of a tube pass is T2, the cold feed liquid is heated to the temperature of T3 through an external heat exchanger, and then the cold feed liquid flows into the hollow fiber membrane. The hot material liquid with the temperature of T3 flows in the hollow fiber membrane from top to bottom in a countercurrent direction with the cold material liquid, in the flowing process, moisture in the hot material liquid is vaporized on the surface of the membrane to form steam molecules which are diffused through membrane holes and condensed on the wall of the solid-wall capillary tube, condensed water flows out of the membrane module from top to bottom, simultaneously the temperature of the hot material liquid continuously drops in the flowing process, and the outlet temperature of the hollow fiber membrane is T4. The multi-effect membrane distillation process has the function of recovering latent heat, so that the energy consumption of the process can be reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved.
The working principle of the integral multi-effect membrane distillation system is as follows: an inorganic salt water solution (cold liquid) with the temperature of T1 is introduced into a tube pass (tube pass for short) of a solid-wall capillary tube of the membrane component from bottom to top through a magnetic pump 2, the cold liquid is gradually heated in the tube pass, and the temperature is T2 when the cold liquid flows out of the tube pass; reheated to the hot feed temperature T3 by means of an external heat exchanger; then introducing the tube pass (membrane tube pass for short) of the hollow fiber microporous membrane of the membrane component from top to bottom; under the action of the temperature difference between the hot feed liquid and the cold feed liquid, water molecules are evaporated at the inner wall surface of the microporous membrane and diffuse to penetrate through the microporous membrane wall to enter a shell pass shared by the microporous membrane and the solid-wall tube, and finally, the water molecules are condensed at the outer wall of the solid-wall tube and transfer the condensation heat to the feed liquid of the tube pass, so that the hot feed liquid is gradually cooled from top to bottom in the membrane tube pass, the temperature is T4 when the hot feed liquid flows out of the membrane tube pass, and the hot feed liquid is cooled by a heat exchanger and then returns to a cold feed liquid storage tank; the condensed liquid on the shell side flows to the bottom of the shell side under the action of gravity and flows out through a shell side outlet. In this apparatus, the cold feed liquid feed temperature T1 and feed liquid temperature T3 are controlled by a constant temperature water bath 3/7, and the cold feed liquid flow rate F is regulated by the return line 14. The solution can be concentrated to be close to saturated solution by adopting multi-effect membrane distillation, and the subsequent evaporation and crystallization water amount is reduced, so that the aim of reducing the energy consumption of the whole system is fulfilled.
As shown in fig. 2, the multiple-effect evaporation system is a multiple-effect counter-current evaporation system, a feed liquid storage tank 1 of the multiple-effect membrane distillation system is communicated with a feed inlet of the multiple-effect evaporation system, the multiple-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system and comprises a vacuum pump 21, the vacuum pump 21 is a water ring vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump 21 is communicated with a condenser 22.
In the operation process, primary steam enters the I-effect heater 23, so that concentrated feed liquid subjected to multi-effect membrane distillation is heated by the preheater 24 to be boiled and sprayed into the evaporator, and the concentrated feed liquid descends by gas-liquid separation and gravity difference and flows into the heater through the circulating pump 25 to form forced circulation. The secondary steam generated by the concentrated feed liquid in the evaporator is used as the heat source of the II-effect heater 26, the rest is done in sequence, the steam from the III-effect evaporator 27 enters the charging preheater 24, the tail gas enters the condenser 22, the condensed non-condensable gas is pumped away by the vacuum pump 21, the whole system uses one vacuum pump 21, and the vacuum degree of each effect is controlled by a pipeline and a valve. Separating crystals from the crystal slurry material reaching the saturated concentration by a centrifugal machine, returning the mother liquor to the evaporator for continuous evaporation, and removing solid waste from the separated crystals.
The specific material cycle is as follows:
material flow: salt-containing wastewater → multi-effect membrane distillation system → concentrated feed liquid → triple-effect heater → triple-effect separator → double-effect heater → double-effect separator → single-effect heater → single-effect separator → centrifuge → outside the system;
a steam flow: steam → multi-effect membrane distillation system → first-effect heater → first-effect separator → second-effect heater → second-effect separator → third-effect heater → third-effect separator → condenser → outside of the system;
and (3) a condensed water flow: the first-effect heater → the second-effect heater → the third-effect heater → the condenser → outside the system;
non-condensable gas flow: one-effect heater → two-effect heater → three-effect heater → condenser → vacuum pump → outside of the system.
In the device, the heater structure in the multi-effect evaporation system is a long tubular heat exchange surface, so that the material flow speed is promoted, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved. The boiling area with coexisting vapor-liquid phases is arranged at the top end of the heater, the boiling point of the liquid in the heater is raised by the static pressure of the vapor-liquid mixture in the boiling area, and the solution is heated only without vaporization when spirally flowing in the heating pipe, so that the formation of fouling on the heating surface can be effectively prevented. When the feed liquid is lifted into the boiling zone after leaving the heating pipe, the boiling vaporization is started because of the reduction of static pressure, and the feed liquid leaves the heating zone at the moment, although the crystallization does not influence the heat transfer of the heating surface.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation integrated crystallization device is characterized by comprising a multi-effect membrane distillation system and a multi-effect evaporation system which are sequentially connected;
the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation assembly, and the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly is an air gap type membrane distillation assembly with an internal latent heat recovery function;
the multi-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system.
2. The integrated crystallization device for multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation of claim 1, wherein the multi-effect membrane distillation system comprises a multi-effect membrane distillation assembly, the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly comprises hollow fiber membranes and solid wall capillaries which are arranged in a staggered manner, the water inlet end of the solid wall capillary is connected with a feed liquid storage tank, and the water outlet end of the solid wall capillary is communicated with the water inlet of the first heat exchanger; the water inlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with the water outlet of the first heat exchanger, the water outlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with the water inlet of the second heat exchanger, the water outlet of the second heat exchanger is communicated with the feed liquid storage tank, and a condensate liquid guide outlet is formed in the side wall of the multi-effect membrane distillation assembly.
3. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a magnetic pump is arranged between the feed liquid storage tank and the water inlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube.
4. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water inlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube is provided with a flow meter.
5. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water inlet end of the hollow fiber membrane is provided with a pressure gauge.
6. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube and the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the hollow fiber membrane are provided with thermometers.
7. The multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation comprehensive crystallization device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a return pipeline is arranged between the feed liquid storage tank and the water inlet end of the solid-wall capillary tube, and a valve is arranged on the return pipeline.
8. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a multi-effect counter-current evaporation system, and a feed liquid storage tank of the multi-effect membrane distillation system is communicated with a feed inlet of the multi-effect evaporation system.
9. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-effect evaporation system is a vacuum evaporation system.
10. The integrated multi-effect membrane distillation and multi-effect evaporation crystallization device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the multi-effect evaporation system comprises a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is a water ring vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is communicated with a condenser.
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