CN114133298A - One-time fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice - Google Patents
One-time fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN114133298A CN114133298A CN202111562445.5A CN202111562445A CN114133298A CN 114133298 A CN114133298 A CN 114133298A CN 202111562445 A CN202111562445 A CN 202111562445A CN 114133298 A CN114133298 A CN 114133298A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
- C05C9/005—Post-treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a one-time fertilization industrialized seedling raising method for rice, and relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising. The method specifically comprises the step of adding the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising into the culture soil of the rice seedling raising tray in the industrial rice seedling raising process. The special slow release fertilizer for raising rice seedlings comprises, by weight, 40-50 parts of plant oil-based coated urea, 40-50 parts of plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer and 20-35 parts of clay. The method provided by the invention integrates industrialized seedling raising and fertilization of rice, can be used as a base fertilizer for one-time application, does not need additional fertilization in the whole growth period, reduces two fertilization steps of base fertilizer application and additional fertilization, greatly reduces labor and mechanical costs, improves economic benefits, and increases free time of growers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising, in particular to a one-time fertilization industrialized seedling raising method for rice.
Background
With the improvement of economic development and living standard, labor force is shifted to cities and towns, rice planting is gradually shifted from traditional manual transplanting to labor-saving and simple cultivation such as seedling throwing, direct seeding and machine transplanting, but direct seeding rice weed control is difficult, the season contradiction of double-season direct seeding is prominent, seedling throwing is only a transitional cultivation measure, and finally, the rice planting still develops to mechanized operation, and mechanical seedling transplanting is gradually popularized. Besides direct seeding of rice, seedling raising is still an important link of rice production, and the quality of seedling raising is related to growth, development and yield of rice.
At present, the traditional methods for raising rice seedlings mainly comprise several methods of raising rice seedlings with water, raising rice seedlings with dry land, raising rice seedlings with wet soil, raising rice seedlings with plastic soft disks and raising rice seedlings in factories, wherein the water raising rice seedlings are the rice seedlings raising method mainly based on flooding management in a rice seedling bed during the whole rice seedling raising period, the method has certain effects of utilizing a water layer to preserve heat and prevent cold and prevent and remove rice seedling weeds, the rice seedlings are easy to pull out, the damaged rice seedlings are few, the rice seedling bed is flooded in saline and alkaline land, the method has the effects of preventing salt and protecting the rice seedlings, but long-term flooding is performed, oxygen in soil is insufficient, the rice seedlings are easy to overgrow, the rice seedlings are easy to stick down, and the quality of the rice seedlings is poor, so the method is rarely adopted at present. The dry seedling raising method is characterized by that it adopts dry land preparation and dry management mode, and has the advantages of rich oxygen in soil, developed seedling root system, strong activity, quick rooting after transplanting and early survival. The seedling bed is kept wet all the time after seeding, and water is only filled once before transplanting, so that the seedling blocks are hardened, and the transplanting with the seedling and the soil is convenient. A wet seedling raising method between the wet and dry ones includes such steps as ditching in seedling bed, sowing in different compartments, mud sowing, covering with film, and irrigation with wet or shallow water after sowing. A soft plastic disk method for raising seedlings is developed from the raising of seedlings in greenhouse, and features that soft calcium-plastic disks with length of 58cm, width of 28cm and depth of 2.6-2.8cm are used for raising seedlings in field, and the soft plastic disks are used for loading nutritive soil, watering and sowing on the bed surface, so the raised seedlings can be manually planted, more easily by throwing and planting, and the density of planted seedlings is 70-80g per disk and 100g per disk. The traditional seedling raising modes all face the problems of complex processing procedures, high labor cost and the like.
The industrial rice seedling raising is a new technology developed according to the needs of machine-transplanted seedling cultivation in recent years, and the intelligent rice seedling raising with a highly automated facility is subjected to mechanical, large-scale, intensive, commercialized, social seedling raising and seedling supply according to a standard process flow, so that the traditional rice seedling raising mode of the young farmer consciousness is changed and improved, and the development requirement of modern market economy is met. However, in the rice seedling raising process, the base fertilizer cannot be applied due to the fact that the fertilizer burns seedlings, fertilization is needed in the rice seedling raising process or in the later period, fertilization steps are added invisibly, the procedure is complicated, the rice seedling raising in an industrial mode can completely achieve one-time fertilization and industrial rice seedling raising, the key point of achieving one-time fertilization is that a slow-release fertilizer technology is adopted, but most of slow-release fertilizers can burn seedlings when the weight of the slow-release fertilizers exceeds 1kg in a standard 280mm multiplied by 570mm plate, the problem is one difficulty of one-time fertilization and industrial rice seedling raising, in addition, the fertilizer falls off from the seedling raising plate in the mechanical seedling raising process and cannot be inserted into soil along with the roots of the rice, and the second difficulty of one-time fertilization and industrial rice seedling raising is achieved. In addition, the current means for realizing the slow release effect of the slow release fertilizer is generally to coat fertilizer particles, and most coating materials are high molecular polymers which have the defect of difficult degradation and cause environmental pollution.
Therefore, the method for industrially raising the rice seedlings by one-time fertilization, which is labor-saving, safe and pollution-free and integrates fertilization and industrial rice seedling raising, is provided, and has important significance for the technical field of rice seedling raising.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a one-time fertilization industrialized seedling raising method for rice, which integrates fertilization and industrial seedling raising, avoids fertilizer dressing in the later period, and is environment-friendly because the fertilizer used for seedling raising does not adopt high molecular polymers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
according to one technical scheme of the invention, the slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising comprises, by weight, 40-50 parts of plant oil-based coated urea, 40-50 parts of plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer and 20-35 parts of clay.
Further, the preparation method of the plant oil-based coated urea comprises the following steps:
preheating urea to 55-65 ℃;
mixing plant seed germ oil and sorbitol dicaprylate for modification reaction, adding a catalyst, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A;
and simultaneously spraying the component A and a curing agent on the preheated urea particles at the same spraying speed for coating treatment to obtain the plant oil-based coated urea.
Further, the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride;
the curing agent is isocyanate;
the temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 45-55 minutes;
the spraying speed is 0.4-1L/h;
the coating process was repeated three times.
Further, the urea is large-particle urea with the particle size of 2-5mm, preferably 3-4 mm.
Further, the mass of the film material in the plant oil-based coated urea is 3-4% of the mass of the urea.
Further, the preparation method of the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
preheating the compound fertilizer to 55-65 ℃;
mixing plant seed germ oil and sorbitol dicaprylate for modification reaction, adding a catalyst, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A;
and simultaneously spraying the component A and a curing agent on the preheated compound fertilizer particles at the same spraying speed for coating to obtain the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer.
Further, the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride;
the curing agent is isocyanate;
the temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 45-55 minutes;
the spraying speed is 0.4-1L/h;
the coating treatment was repeated five times.
Further, the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the compound fertilizer are respectively 15%, 15% or 20%, 10%, 12% or 24%, 6% and 9%.
Further, the compound fertilizer is a large-particle compound fertilizer, and the particle size of the compound fertilizer is 2-5mm, preferably 3-4 mm.
Further, the mass of the membrane material in the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer is 5% of the mass of the compound fertilizer.
The sorbitol dicaprylate can increase the hydroxyl number of the germ oil of the plant seeds; the catalyst can accelerate the speed of the curing reaction in the coating process; in the coating process, the-NCO in the curing agent and the hydroxyl in the plant seed germ oil are subjected to polymerization reaction, and the film obtained after the reaction hardly contains the-NCO, so that the film is safe and nontoxic.
Further, the clay is one or more of kaolin, attapulgite and bentonite.
The clay can enable the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising to be tightly bonded with the root system of rice seedlings, and the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is inserted into soil along with the rice seedlings during rice transplanting, so that the problem that the fertilizer falls off from a seedling raising tray during the rice transplanting process is avoided, the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is ensured to be at the roots of the rice during the whole growth period of the rice, the nutrients slowly released by the slow-release fertilizer can be absorbed and utilized by the roots quickly, and accurate fertilization is really achieved.
According to the second technical scheme, the preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the plant oil-based coated urea, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer and the clay according to the parts by weight.
According to the third technical scheme, the slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising is applied to rice seedling raising.
The fourth technical scheme of the invention is that the one-time fertilization industrialized seedling raising method for the rice comprises the following steps: in the industrial rice seedling raising process, the special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is added into the culture soil of a rice seedling raising tray.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising is 1.9-2.7 kg/standard seedling raising tray.
The standard seedling raising tray is 280mm multiplied by 570mm multiplied by 26mm in size.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling cultivation is plant oil-based coated urea and a coated compound fertilizer, and has no damage to rice seedlings. The film material is vegetable oil, sorbitol dicaprylate and a curing agent, the condition that a high molecular polymer is difficult to degrade is avoided, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.
The method for industrially raising rice seedlings by applying fertilizers at one time utilizes the clay to closely bond the special slow-release fertilizer for raising rice seedlings with the root systems of the rice seedlings, and the slow-release fertilizer is inserted into soil along with the rice seedlings during rice transplanting, so that the fertilizer requirement characteristic of the rice in the whole growth period can be met, and the fertilizer does not need to be applied in the later period. The special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising is at the root of rice in the whole growth period of rice, and nutrients slowly released by the slow release fertilizer can be quickly absorbed and utilized by the root, so that accurate fertilization is really realized.
The one-time fertilization industrialized rice seedling raising method can be obtained by adding the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising into the culture soil of the rice seedling raising tray on the basis of the original industrialized rice seedling raising, so that the industrialized rice seedling raising and fertilization are integrated, the slow-release fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer for one-time application, the additional fertilizer is not needed in the whole growth period, two fertilization steps of base fertilizer application and additional fertilizer application are reduced, the labor cost and the mechanical cost are greatly reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the time of free control of a grower is prolonged.
The method for industrially raising rice seedlings by one-time fertilization can meet the fertilizer requirement rule of the whole growth period of rice, the nitrogen application amount of one-time fertilization is only 12-14 kg/mu, the conventional nitrogen application amount of rice is 16-20 kg/mu, and is 70-90% of the conventional nitrogen application amount of fertilization, the fertilizer application amount is greatly reduced, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be greatly increased on the basis of ensuring the rice yield.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The percentages stated in the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, based on parts by mass.
Example 1 preparation of vegetable oil-based coated Urea
(1) 500kg of granular urea produced by chemical fertilizer companies with the diameter of 2-5mm is weighed and conveyed into a rotary drum, and the granular urea is preheated to 60 ℃ (55-65 ℃ can achieve the same technical effect as 60 ℃).
(2) The vegetable oil-based coating agent comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A: 5kg of rice germ oil and 1kg of sorbitol dicaprylate are stirred and reacted for 50 minutes in a reaction kettle under the condition of 65 ℃ (60-70 ℃ can achieve the same technical effect as 65 ℃), then 1ml of stannic palmitate is added and mixed evenly to obtain a component A.
And (B) component: 4kg of 4, 4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate.
(3) Adding the component A and the component B into the rotary drum in the step (1) at the same speed of 0.5L/h through a spray gun respectively, spraying the mixture on granular urea, wherein the dosage of the vegetable oil-based coating agent is 1.2% of the weight of the granular urea, keeping the temperature of the fertilizer at 60 ℃ (55-65 ℃ can achieve the same technical effect as 60 ℃), uniformly spreading the vegetable oil-based coating agent on the surface of the moving fertilizer by rolling the fertilizer granules, solidifying the coating agent to form a compact and smooth film layer, completing a primary vegetable oil coating process, and cooling to normal temperature. The step is repeated for two times to prepare the plant oil-based coated urea with the total coating rate of 3.6 percent, and the slow release period is 120 days.
Example 2 preparation of vegetable oil-based coated Compound fertilizers
(1) 500kg of compound fertilizer granules (the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide are respectively 15%, 15% and 15%) produced by Jiangsu Huachang chemical industry are weighed and conveyed into a rotary drum, and the compound fertilizer granules are preheated to 60 ℃ (55-65 ℃) to achieve the same technical effect as 60 ℃).
(2) The vegetable oil-based coating agent comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A: 5kg of rice germ oil and 1kg of sorbitol dicaprylate are stirred and reacted for 50 minutes in a reaction kettle under the condition of 65 ℃ (60-70 ℃ can achieve the same technical effect as 65 ℃), then 1ml of zinc chloride is added and mixed evenly to obtain the component A.
And (B) component: 4kg of tetramethylxylene diisocyanate.
(3) Adding the component A and the component B into the rotary drum in the step (1) at the same speed of 0.5L/h through a spray gun respectively, spraying the mixture on compound fertilizer particles, wherein the dosage of the vegetable oil-based coating agent is 1% of the weight of the compound fertilizer particles, keeping the temperature of the fertilizer at 60 ℃ (55-65 ℃) to achieve the technical effect the same as 60 ℃, rolling the fertilizer particles to enable the vegetable oil coating agent to be uniformly spread on the surface of the moving fertilizer and to be solidified to form a compact and smooth film layer, completing a one-time vegetable oil coating process, and cooling to normal temperature. The step is repeated for four times to prepare the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer with the total coating rate of 5 percent, and the slow release period is 60 days.
Example 3 one-time fertilization of rice for industrial sprout cultivation (nitrogen application amount 15.7 kg/mu)
(1) Seedling tray bed soil: selecting a plastic hard disk (standard disk) with the specification of 280mm multiplied by 570mm multiplied by 26mm, and adjusting the soil discharge amount of a soil discharge valve to be 13mm of the depth of a seedling disk;
(2) sowing fertilizer on a seedling tray: mixing the plant oil-based coated urea prepared in the embodiment 1, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 and kaolin according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.5 to obtain a special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, adding the special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising into the seedling tray in the step (1), and adjusting the fertilizer application amount to be 2.5 kg/standard tray;
(3) sprinkling water on the seedling tray: after the bed soil is paved, the bed soil enters a sprinkling section, and the flow rate of a water valve is adjusted to be 0.25L/s, so that the bed soil is in a water saturation state;
(4) seeding with a seedling tray: sowing according to the sowing quantity of 130g in each disc;
(5) covering soil on the seedling tray: covering soil with the thickness of 2mm per disc; then the seeds are sent into a germination room for germination;
(6) transplanting rice seedlings: mechanical rice transplanting is utilized, rice seedlings are transplanted according to the amount of 26 rice seedlings per mu, and fertilizer is not applied at the later stage.
As a result: the seedling burning phenomenon does not occur in the seedling raising process.
Example 4 one-time fertilization of rice for industrial sprout cultivation (nitrogen application amount 15.1 kg/mu)
(1) Seedling tray bed soil: selecting a plastic hard disk (standard disk) with the specification of 280mm multiplied by 570mm multiplied by 26mm, and adjusting the soil discharge amount of a soil discharge valve to be 13mm of the depth of a seedling disk;
(2) sowing fertilizer on a seedling tray: mixing the plant oil-based coated urea prepared in the embodiment 1, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 and attapulgite according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.6 to obtain a slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising, adding the slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising into the seedling tray in the step (1), and adjusting the fertilizer application amount to be 2.6 kg/standard tray;
(3) sprinkling water on the seedling tray: after the bed soil is paved, the bed soil enters a sprinkling section, and the flow rate of a water valve is adjusted to be 0.25L/s, so that the bed soil is in a water saturation state;
(4) seeding with a seedling tray: sowing according to the sowing quantity of 140g in each disc;
(5) covering soil on the seedling tray: covering soil with the thickness of 2mm per disc; then the seeds are sent into a germination room for germination;
(6) transplanting rice seedlings: mechanical rice transplanting is adopted, rice seedlings are transplanted according to the amount of 25 rice seedlings per mu, and fertilizer is not applied at the later stage.
As a result: the seedling burning phenomenon does not occur in the seedling raising process.
Example 5 one-time fertilization of Rice and Industrial sprout cultivation (nitrogen application amount 14.5 kg/mu)
(1) Seedling tray bed soil: selecting a plastic hard disk (standard disk) with the specification of 280mm multiplied by 570mm multiplied by 26mm, and adjusting the soil discharge amount of a soil discharge valve to be 12mm of the depth of a seedling disk;
(2) sowing fertilizer on a seedling tray: mixing the plant oil-based coated urea prepared in the embodiment 1, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 and bentonite according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.7 to obtain a special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising, adding the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising into the seedling tray obtained in the step (1), and adjusting the fertilizer application amount to be 2.7 kg/standard tray;
(3) sprinkling water on the seedling tray: after the bed soil is paved, the bed soil enters a sprinkling section, and the flow rate of a water valve is adjusted to be 0.25L/s, so that the bed soil is in a water saturation state;
(4) seeding with a seedling tray: sowing according to the sowing quantity of 160g in each tray;
(5) covering soil on the seedling tray: covering soil with the thickness of 2mm per disc; then the seeds are sent into a germination room for germination;
(6) transplanting rice seedlings: mechanical rice transplanting is utilized, rice seedlings are transplanted according to the amount of 24 rice seedlings per mu, and fertilizer is not applied at the later stage.
As a result: the seedling burning phenomenon does not occur in the seedling raising process.
Example 6 one-time fertilization of rice for industrial cultivation (nitrogen application amount 14 kg/mu)
The same as example 3, except that the plant oil-based coated urea prepared in example 1, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in example 2 and kaolin were adjusted to 0.9:1.1:0.5 and the fertilizing amount was 2.32 kg/standard pan in the mass ratio of 1:1:0.5 in step 2.
As a result: the seedling burning phenomenon does not occur in the seedling raising process.
Example 7 one-time fertilization of rice for industrial sprout cultivation (nitrogen application amount 12 kg/mu)
The same as example 3, except that the plant oil-based coated urea prepared in example 1, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer prepared in example 2 and kaolin were adjusted from 1:1:0.5 to 0.80:1.20:0.5 in a mass ratio and the fertilizing amount was adjusted to 2.10 kg/standard pan in step 2.
As a result: the seedling burning phenomenon does not occur in the seedling raising process.
Comparative example 1
The only difference is that step 2 is omitted, as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
The method is the same as the embodiment 3, and is different from the embodiment in that the special slow-release fertilizer for raising rice seedlings used in the step (2) comprises the following components: 30 parts of sulfur-plus-high molecular polymer coated urea, 28 parts of sulfur-plus-high molecular polymer coated compound fertilizer, 18 parts of 6% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea, 22 parts of humic acid coated compound fertilizer and 2 parts of zinc sulfate;
the preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising comprises the following steps:
1) preparing sulfur and high molecular polymer coated urea and sulfur and high molecular polymer coated compound fertilizer:
A. 9kg of novolac epoxy resin and 1kg of triethylene tetramine are mixed to prepare the high molecular polymer coating agent.
B. Weighing 100 kg of granular urea with the grain size of 2-3 mm and 100 kg of granular compound fertilizer with the grain size of 2-4 mm, respectively coating a layer of sulfur and a layer of sulfur membrane material accounting for 20% of the mass of the nuclear fertilizer according to the prior art, and then coating a layer of the high polymer coating agent accounting for 3.0% of the mass of the nuclear fertilizer. Respectively preparing sulfur and high molecular polymer coated urea and sulfur and high molecular polymer coated compound fertilizer.
2) Preparation of 6% thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea:
a. 4.9 kg of recovered polyethylene resin is dissolved in 70 kg of mixed solvent of n-butyl acetate and amyl acetate with the mass ratio of 5: 1, and 1.05 kg of light calcium carbonate, potato starch and rubber powder are added and mixed in the ratio of 1:1 to prepare the thermoplastic resin inner layer film coating agent.
b. 2kg of a mixed solution (mass ratio E-44/PUR is 95/5) of epoxy resin E-44 and polyurethane PUR, 0.75 kg of triethylene tetramine and 1kg of tributyl phosphate are mixed to prepare a thermosetting resin outer layer film coating agent.
c. Weighing 100 kg of large-particle urea with the diameter of 2-3 mm, and coating an inner layer film coating agent prepared by a layer a according to the prior art, wherein the inner layer film material accounts for 4% of the mass of the core fertilizer. And (c) coating an outer-layer film coating agent prepared by the step (b), wherein the mass percentage of the outer-layer film material in the core fertilizer is 2%.
3) Preparing a humic acid coated compound fertilizer:
2kg of epoxy resin and 0.3 kg of triethylene tetramine are mixed uniformly to prepare a binder for later use.
100 kilograms of compound fertilizer with the particle size of 2-3 millimeters is taken, preheated to 65-70 ℃ in a rotary drum, 0.5 kilogram of the binder is sprayed on the rotating fertilizer particles, 2.67 kilograms of air-dried and crushed weathered coal is sprayed, and the process is repeated twice after solidification, so that the binder accounts for 1.5 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer, and the weathered coal accounts for 8 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer.
4) Taking sulfur and high molecular polymer coated urea, sulfur and high molecular polymer coated compound fertilizer, 6 percent thermoplastic and thermosetting double-layer coated urea, humic acid coated compound fertilizer and zinc sulfate according to the formula, putting all raw materials into a stirrer to be stirred and mixed uniformly, and feeding the mixed fertilizer into a metering and packaging machine to be metered and packaged.
Test example 1 Effect verification of the seedling raising method according to example 6, example 7, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2
The field test was performed between 6 months in 2019 and 10 months in 2019 for 20 days. The test point is located in Zhangdian Zhenyun san Yecun in the ginger weir area of Thizhou, Jiangsu province. The tested soil is high-sand soil, and the basic physicochemical properties of the surface soil (0-20cm) are as follows: the pH value is 6.26, the EC value is 48.0 mu s/cm, the organic matter is 17.18g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 126.78mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 17.23mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 53 mg/kg. The test rice variety is Huai Mai No. 5.
Set four treatments, 3 replicates, cell area 40m2Adopting a random block design; the specific treatment method is as follows:
twenty (CK 1) (comparative example 1, no nitrogen fertilizer, 6 kg/mu phosphorus pentoxide and 6 kg/mu potassium oxide)
② CK2 (comparative example 1 seedling raising method, habitual fertilization: nitrogen application amount is 18 kg/mu, wherein nitrogen application amount of base fertilizer is 9 kg/mu, topdressing amount at tillering stage is 4.5 kg/mu, jointing topdressing amount is 4.5 kg/mu, phosphorus pentoxide dosage is 4 kg/mu, potassium oxide dosage is 4 kg/mu).
③ CK3 (comparative example 2 seedling raising method, no additional fertilizer in later period).
Fourthly, reducing 20 percent of nitrogen (in the embodiment 6, the nitrogen application amount is 14 kg/mu, the phosphorus pentoxide amount is 4 kg/mu, the potassium oxide amount is 4 kg/mu, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the later period)
Fifthly, nitrogen reduction is carried out by 30 percent (in the seedling raising method of example 7, the nitrogen application amount is 12 kg/mu, the phosphorus pentoxide amount is 4 kg/mu, the potassium oxide amount is 4 kg/mu, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the later period)
And the measured yield is measured for all reaping of the community. And uniformly taking 6-hole rice plants in each cell, examining and recording the spike number, the spike grain number, the setting rate and the thousand grain weight, and weighing the fresh weight, the dry weight and the nitrogen content of the plants and the rice grains. Total nitrogen was measured by the Kjeldahl method. Statistical analysis of data SPSS21.0 software was used.
Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate (%) - (nitrogen absorption quantity in nitrogen-applying region-nitrogen-free region)/nitrogen-applying quantity x 100
The results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on Rice yield and constitutive factors
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the rice treated by reducing the nitrogen by 20% is the highest, the yield is increased by 0.30% compared with the conventional fertilization of CK2, the yield is increased by 3.11% compared with CK3, the yield is remarkably higher than that of the rice treated by CK1 without applying nitrogen fertilizer (p is less than 0.05), and the yield of the rice treated by reducing the nitrogen by 30% is reduced by 0.89% compared with the conventional fertilization of CK2, which indicates that the yield reduction cannot exceed 20%, and the yield reduction phenomenon can occur.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatments on the economic benefit of Rice
The effect of different treatments on rice economic efficiency is shown in table 2. The input cost comprises land rent, pesticide cost, fertilizer cost, mechanical cost and manual input, the input cost is reduced by treating with 20% of nitrogen reduction and 30% of nitrogen reduction compared with conventional CK2 fertilization, wherein the yield and the output value of the treatment with 20% of nitrogen reduction are highest, the mu benefit is increased by 3.05% compared with CK2, the output ratio is increased by 3.13%, the mu benefit of the treatment with 30% of nitrogen reduction is increased by 3.81%, the output ratio is increased by 6.26%, the input cost of the treatment with 20% of nitrogen reduction and 30% of nitrogen reduction is reduced compared with CK3, wherein the mu benefit of the treatment with 20% of nitrogen reduction is increased by 13.62% compared with CK3, the output ratio is increased by 15.78%, the mu benefit of the treatment with 30% of nitrogen reduction is increased by 14.64%, the output ratio is increased by 15.29%, the nitrogen reduction is most reasonable by 20% from the aspects of yield and the output value, and the nitrogen reduction is most reasonable by 30% from the aspects of the mu benefit and the output ratio.
TABLE 3 influence of different treatments on the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in rice
As can be seen from table 3, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the nitrogen-reducing 20% treatment is 45.37%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the nitrogen-reducing 30% treatment is 47.65%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the CK2 conventional fertilization treatment is 37.54%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the CK3 treatment is 36.48%, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates of the nitrogen-reducing 20% and the nitrogen-reducing 30% treatment are both significantly higher than those of the CK2 conventional fertilization treatment (p <0.05), are respectively increased by 20.85% and 26.93%, and are also significantly higher than those of the CK3(p <0.05), indicating that the nitrogen-reducing 20% and the nitrogen-reducing 30% treatment can both increase the rice nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.
Through the analysis, compared with CK1 conventional seedling raising (adopting a comparative example 1 seedling raising method), CK2 conventional fertilization (adopting the comparative example 1 seedling raising method) and CK3 (sulfur-coated slow-release fertilizer), the method for industrially raising the seedlings by applying the fertilizer for one time for the rice can reduce the fertilizer consumption, increase the mu benefit and the yield-to-input ratio and increase the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of stable yield and production preservation.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The slow release fertilizer special for raising rice seedlings is characterized by comprising, by weight, 40-50 parts of plant oil-based coated urea, 40-50 parts of plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer and 20-35 parts of clay.
2. The special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the plant oil-based coated urea comprises the following steps:
preheating urea to 55-65 ℃;
mixing plant seed germ oil and sorbitol dicaprylate for modification reaction, adding a catalyst, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A;
and simultaneously spraying the component A and a curing agent on the preheated urea particles at the same spraying speed for coating treatment to obtain the plant oil-based coated urea.
3. The special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 2, wherein the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride;
the curing agent is isocyanate;
the temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 45-55 minutes.
4. The special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
preheating the compound fertilizer to 55-65 ℃;
mixing plant seed germ oil and sorbitol dicaprylate for modification reaction, adding a catalyst, and uniformly mixing to obtain a component A;
and simultaneously spraying the component A and a curing agent on the preheated compound fertilizer particles at the same spraying speed for coating to obtain the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer.
5. The special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising according to claim 4, wherein the catalyst is tin palmitate or zinc chloride;
the curing agent is isocyanate;
the temperature of the modification reaction is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 45-55 minutes.
6. The slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clay is one or more of kaolin, attapulgite and bentonite.
7. A preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for rice seedling raising as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and uniformly mixing the plant oil-based coated urea, the plant oil-based coated compound fertilizer and the clay according to the parts by weight.
8. The application of the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising as claimed in claim 1 in rice seedling raising.
9. A one-time fertilization industrialized seedling raising method for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the industrial rice seedling raising process, the special slow-release fertilizer for rice seedling raising of claim 1 is added into culture soil of a rice seedling raising tray.
10. The method for one-time fertilization and industrial rice seedling raising according to claim 9, wherein the addition amount of the slow release fertilizer special for rice seedling raising is 1.9-2.7 kg/standard seedling raising tray.
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| PCT/CN2021/140042 WO2023115323A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2021-12-21 | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
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