CN114131345B - Turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment and a using method thereof, and relates to the technical field of material cutting. The turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment and the use method thereof can improve the machining quality and reduce the abrasion of the cutter.

Description

Turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of material cutting, in particular to turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment and a using method thereof.

Background

With the development of the aerospace industry, the weapon industry, the chemical industry, the electronic industry and other industries, higher requirements are placed on the performance of product part materials, and various high-strength, high-hardness and high-brittleness engineering materials are also produced. The improved material performance brings difficulty to processing. For example, high temperature alloys have excellent thermal strength properties, thermal stability and thermal fatigue properties at high temperatures, and machining tools wear severely and have poor surface quality at normal temperatures. The engineering ceramic has high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, is usually ground at present, and has low production efficiency, high cost and limited processing geometry.

The heating auxiliary cutting technology appeared in recent years is an effective method for solving the processing of difficult-to-process materials. The heat sources commonly used at present are plasma arc, oxyacetylene flame, laser and the like. Compared with other heat sources, the laser has small spot size, high energy density, good controllability on energy distribution and time characteristics, and is more and more widely applied to heating auxiliary processing.

The laser heating auxiliary milling technology is that a high-energy laser beam is irradiated on a material removal area, the local temperature of a workpiece material is improved in a short time, the cutting performance of the material is changed, and then a cutter is adopted for machining. By heating the material, the plasticity of the material is improved, the yield strength is reduced to be lower than the fracture strength, the cutting force is reduced, the abrasion of a cutter is reduced, and the cutting vibration is reduced, so that the aims of improving the processing efficiency, reducing the cost and improving the quality of a processed surface are fulfilled.

The conventional machine tool is difficult to meet the requirements of processing and using of materials difficult to process, and a cutter is easy to wear, poor in processing quality and low in processing efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated device and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the machining quality is improved, and the abrasion of a cutter is reduced.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment which comprises a lathe bed, a laser heating module, an on-machine detection module, a turning module and a milling module, wherein a mounting piece is arranged on the lathe bed, a workpiece is placed on the mounting piece, the laser heating module, the on-machine detection module and the turning module are movably mounted on the lathe bed, a heating end of the laser heating module can move and is used for heating an area to be machined of the workpiece, the on-machine detection module can move towards the direction close to the workpiece and is used for detecting the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece, a turning end of the turning module can move and is used for turning the heated workpiece, and the milling module is used for multi-shaft multi-direction milling of the heated workpiece.

Preferably, the laser heating module comprises a gantry truss, a sliding assembly, a mechanical arm and a laser head, the gantry truss is fixed on the bed body, the sliding assembly is installed at the upper end of the gantry truss, the laser head is installed at one end of the mechanical arm, the other end of the mechanical arm is installed on the sliding assembly, the sliding assembly is used for driving the mechanical arm to move, the mechanical arm can drive the laser head to move, and the laser head is used for heating a to-be-processed area of a workpiece.

Preferably, the sliding assembly includes a first guide rail, a rack, a gear, a first slider, a sliding plate, a stepping motor and a speed reducer, the first guide rail and the rack are fixed to the upper end of the gantry truss, the first guide rail is parallel to the rack, the first slider is slidably connected to the first guide rail, the first slider is fixed to the lower end of the sliding plate, the stepping motor, the speed reducer and the mechanical arm are all mounted on the sliding plate, the stepping motor is connected to the speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected to the gear, the gear is engaged with the rack, and when the stepping motor drives the speed reducer to rotate, the speed reducer can drive the gear to rotate, the gear moves along the length direction of the rack, and the sliding plate and the first slider are driven to move along the length direction of the first guide rail.

Preferably, the turning module includes hydraulic system, slip table subassembly, encoder, turning servo motor and lathe tool, turning servo motor fixes on the slip table subassembly, just the encoder is installed one side of turning servo motor, the lathe tool can be installed with dismantling on turning servo motor's the output shaft, hydraulic system installs the lathe bed lower extreme, just hydraulic system is used for the drive slip table subassembly action, and makes the slip table subassembly drives turning servo motor removes along X axle and Y axle, a range value is stored in the encoder, when coordinate data in the NC program code that the encoder was received surpassed this range value, control turning servo motor's stall.

Preferably, the slip table subassembly includes slip table base, transverse guide, transverse slide, longitudinal rail, vertical slider, slip table and mounting panel, the slip table base is fixed on the lathe bed, transverse guide fixes the upper end of slip table base, just transverse slide sliding connection in on the transverse guide, the upper end of transverse slide with slip table fixed connection, longitudinal rail fixes on the slip table, just vertical slider sliding connection in on the longitudinal rail, the upper end of vertical slider with mounting panel fixed connection, turning servo motor installs on the mounting panel.

Preferably, the on-machine detection module includes a controller, a second guide rail, a second slider, a transition plate, a detection servo motor, an atomic force microscope, and a displacement sensor, the second guide rail is fixed to the mounting plate, the second slider is slidably connected to the second guide rail, the transition plate is fixed to the second slider, the detection servo motor, the atomic force microscope, and the displacement sensor are all mounted on the mounting plate, an output shaft of the detection servo motor is connected to the second slider and used for driving the second slider to move, the displacement sensor is used for detecting a position of a workpiece and transmitting a position signal of the workpiece to the controller, the controller is electrically connected to the detection servo motor and used for controlling the detection servo motor to move so as to drive the atomic force microscope to move, and the atomic force microscope is used for detecting a local roughness of a surface of the workpiece.

Preferably, still install protecting sheathing and microscope support on the cab apron, displacement sensor fixes on protecting sheathing's the outer wall, microscope support fixes in the protecting sheathing, just protecting sheathing has seted up observation mouth and power supply mouth on two relative lateral walls, observation mouth department passes through the transparency shutoff, the observation mouth is used for atomic force microscope observes the workpiece surface, the power supply mouth is used for drawing forth of pencil.

Preferably, the milling module includes X to guide rail, stand, Y to guide rail, ram and Z to the guide rail, X is fixed to the guide rail on the lathe bed, just stand sliding connection is in on the X to the guide rail, Y is fixed to the guide rail one side of stand, just ram sliding connection is in on the Y to the guide rail, Z is fixed to the guide rail on the ram, just can install milling cutter with dismantling on the Z to the guide rail.

Preferably, the mount is a rum chuck.

The invention also provides a use method of the turning, milling and combined machining detection integrated equipment based on any one of the technical schemes, which comprises the following steps:

s1: adjusting the position of the laser heating module, and starting the laser heating module to heat the to-be-processed area of the workpiece;

s2: starting the turning module to turn the workpiece, and then starting the milling module to mill the workpiece;

s3: and opening the on-machine detection module to detect the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece, and repeating the step S2 when the detected roughness is unqualified until the detection is qualified.

Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:

the turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment and the using method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the laser heating module, the on-machine detection module and the turning module are movably arranged on the lathe bed, the heating end of the laser heating module can be moved and used for heating a region to be machined of a workpiece, the plasticity of a material is improved, the yield strength is reduced to be below the fracture strength, the cutting force is reduced, the abrasion of a cutter is further reduced, the cutting vibration is reduced, the quality of a machined surface is improved, the turning end of the turning module can be moved and used for turning the heated workpiece, the milling module is used for multi-shaft multi-direction milling of the heated workpiece, the on-machine detection module can be moved towards the direction close to the workpiece and used for detecting the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece, the machining and detection integration is further realized, and the machining efficiency and the product quality are improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment provided in an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a laser heating module according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sliding assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an on-machine inspection module according to one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an atomic force microscope according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of one side of a protective housing according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the other side of the protective housing according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a turning module according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an angle of a milling module according to one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another angle of the milling module according to the first embodiment;

in the figure: 100-turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment, 10-laser heating module, 101-machine body, 102-gantry truss, 103-sliding plate, 104-stepping motor, 105-speed reducer, 106-mechanical arm, 107-laser head, 108-first sliding block, 109-gear, 110-first guide rail, 111-rack, 20-on-machine detection module, 201-detection servo motor, 202-second guide rail, 203-microscope support, 204-transition plate, 205-second sliding block, 206-atomic force microscope, 207-protective shell, 208-displacement sensor, 209-displacement support, 210-observation port, 211-power supply port, 30-turning module, 301-platform, 302-sliding table base, 303-sliding table, 304-transverse sliding block, 305-longitudinal sliding block, 306-mounting plate, 307-encoder, 308-turning servo motor, 309-turning tool, 310-longitudinal guide rail, 311-transverse guide rail, 40-milling module, 401-X-direction guide rail, 402-vertical column, 403-Y-direction guide rail, 404-sliding pillow, 405-Z-direction guide rail, 405-Z-direction chuck, 60-50-screw rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated device and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor machining quality and low efficiency of the existing machine tool.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the present embodiment provides a turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment 100, which includes a machine bed 101, a laser heating module 10, an on-machine detection module 20, a turning module 30, and a milling module 40, wherein a mounting part is arranged on the machine bed 101, and is used for placing a workpiece 60 on the mounting part, the laser heating module 10, the on-machine detection module 20, and the turning module 30 are both movably mounted on the machine bed 101, and a heating end of the laser heating module 10 can move and is used for heating a region to be machined of the workpiece 60, so as to improve plasticity of a material, reduce yield strength below fracture strength, reduce cutting force, further reduce tool wear, reduce cutting chatter, and improve quality of a machined surface, a turning end of the turning module 30 can move and is used for turning the heated workpiece 60, the milling module 40 is used for multi-directional multi-axis milling of the heated workpiece 60, and the on-machine detection module 20 can move in a direction close to the workpiece 60 and is used for detecting local roughness of the surface of the workpiece 60, thereby realizing machining and detection integration, and improving machining efficiency and product quality.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the laser heating module 10 includes a gantry truss 102, a sliding assembly, a mechanical arm 106 and a laser head 107, the gantry truss 102 is fixed on the machine body 101 so as to support the laser head 107, the sliding assembly is installed at the upper end of the gantry truss 102, the laser head 107 is installed at one end of the mechanical arm 106, the other end of the mechanical arm 106 is installed on the sliding assembly, the sliding assembly is used for driving the mechanical arm 106 to move, so as to realize the reciprocating movement of the mechanical arm 106, after the sliding assembly drives the mechanical arm 106 to move in place, the mechanical arm 106 can drive the laser head 107 to move, and the laser head 107 is used for heating a to-be-machined area of the workpiece 60 so as to facilitate the turning and milling, reduce the cutting force and reduce the wear of the tool.

As shown in fig. 3, the sliding assembly includes a first guide rail 110, a rack 111, a gear 109, a first slider 108, a sliding plate 103, a stepping motor 104 and a speed reducer 105, the first guide rail 110 and the rack 111 are both fixed at the upper end of the gantry truss 102, the first guide rail 110 is parallel to the rack 111, the two first guide rails 110 are provided, the rack 111 is located between the two first guide rails 110, the first slider 108 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 110, and the first slider 108 can reciprocate along the length direction of the first guide rail 110, the first slider 108 is fixed at the lower end of the sliding plate 103 to drive the sliding plate 103 to move, the stepping motor 104, the speed reducer 105 and the mechanical arm 106 are all mounted on the sliding plate 103 to realize the movement of the mechanical arm 106, an output shaft of the stepping motor 104 is connected to the rack 105, the rotational speed of the stepping motor 104 is reduced by the speed reducer 105, and the rack 105 is connected to the gear 109 to realize the rotation of the gear 109, the gear 109 is meshed with the rack 111, and the rack 111 cannot move, thereby realizing the gear 109 along the travel along the length direction of the first guide rail 110 and improving the stability of the speed reducer.

As shown in fig. 8, the turning module 30 includes a hydraulic system, a sliding table assembly, an encoder 307, a turning servo motor 308 and a turning tool 309, the turning servo motor 308 is fixed on the sliding table assembly, the encoder 307 is installed on one side of the turning servo motor 308, the turning servo motor 308 is controlled to operate by the encoder 307, the turning tool 309 is detachably installed on an output shaft of the turning servo motor 308, so that the turning tool 309 is conveniently replaced, the hydraulic system is installed at the lower end of the bed 101, and is used for driving the sliding table assembly to move, and the sliding table assembly drives the turning servo motor 308 to move along the X axis and the Y axis.

The sliding table assembly comprises a sliding table base 302, a transverse guide rail 311, a transverse sliding block 304, a longitudinal guide rail 310, a longitudinal sliding block 305, a sliding table 303 and a mounting plate 306, wherein the sliding table base 302 is fixed on the bed 101, preferably, the sliding table base 302 is fixed on a platform 301, the transverse guide rail 311 is fixed at the upper end of the sliding table base 302, the transverse sliding block 304 is connected on the transverse guide rail 311 in a sliding manner, the transverse sliding block 304 can move along the transverse guide rail 311, the upper end of the transverse sliding block 304 is fixedly connected with the sliding table 303, the sliding table 303 is further driven to move along the transverse guide rail 311, the longitudinal guide rail 310 is fixed on the sliding table 303, the longitudinal guide rail 310 is driven to move along the transverse guide rail 311 through the sliding table 303, the longitudinal sliding block 305 is connected on the longitudinal guide rail 310, the longitudinal sliding block 305 can move along the longitudinal guide rail 310, the upper end of the longitudinal sliding block 305 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 306, a turning servo motor 308 is mounted on the mounting plate 306, and finally the turning servo motor 308 drives a turning tool 309 to move along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.

As shown in fig. 4-5, the on-machine inspection module 20 includes a controller, a second guide rail 202, a second slider 205, a transition plate 204, an inspection servo motor 201, an atomic force microscope 206, and a displacement sensor 208, wherein the second guide rail 202 is fixed on a mounting plate 306, the second slider 205 is slidably connected to the second guide rail 202, the transition plate 204 is fixed on the second slider 205, the inspection servo motor 201, the atomic force microscope 206, and the displacement sensor 208 are all mounted on the mounting plate 306, an output shaft of the inspection servo motor 201 is connected to the second slider 205, and is capable of driving the second slider 205 to slide along the second guide rail 202 and drive the transition plate 204 to move, the displacement sensor 208 is used for detecting the position of the workpiece 60 to obtain the position of the workpiece 60 in real time and transmit a position signal of the workpiece 60 to the controller, the controller is electrically connected to the inspection servo motor 201 and is used for controlling the inspection servo motor 201 to move to drive the atomic force microscope 206 to move, so that an observation result of the atomic force microscope 206 is more accurate, and the atomic force microscope 206 is used for detecting local roughness of the surface of the workpiece 60, and is convenient to achieve automatic inspection.

As shown in fig. 4-7, the transition plate 204 is further provided with a protective housing 207 and a microscope support 203, the displacement sensor 208 is fixed on the outer wall of the protective housing 207 to prevent the detection of the displacement sensor 208 from being affected, and preferably, the displacement sensor 208 is photoelectric and is mounted on the outer side wall of the protective housing 207 through a displacement support 209; microscope support 203 is fixed in protective housing 207 and is used for fixed atomic force microscope 206, utilize protective housing 207 to protect atomic force microscope 206, avoid the turning and mill the piece that the in-process produced to sputter on atomic force microscope 206, influence life, protective housing 207 has seted up observation mouth 210 and power supply port 211 on two relative lateral walls, observation mouth 210 department is through the transparency shutoff, avoid influencing the normal observation of atomic force microscope 206, observation mouth 210 is used for atomic force microscope 206 to observe the surface of work piece 60, power supply port 211 is used for drawing forth of pencil.

As shown in fig. 9-10, the milling module 40 includes an X-direction rail 401, a column 402, a Y-direction rail 403, a ram 404, and a Z-direction rail 405, the X-direction rail 401 is fixed on the bed 101, the column 402 is slidably connected to the X-direction rail 401, the Y-direction rail 403 is fixed on one side of the column 402, the ram 404 is slidably connected to the Y-direction rail 403, the Z-direction rail 405 is fixed on the ram 404, and a milling cutter is detachably mounted on the Z-direction rail 405, so that the milling cutter can move in multiple directions, and the milling effect is improved.

The mounting member is a rum chuck 50.

Example two

The embodiment provides a use method of the turning and milling combined machining detection integrated equipment 100 based on the first embodiment, which includes the following steps:

s1: adjusting the position of the laser heating module 10, and starting the laser heating module 10 to heat the region to be processed of the workpiece 60;

s2: turning the workpiece 60 by starting the turning module 30, and then milling the workpiece 60 by starting the milling module 40;

s3: and starting the on-machine detection module 20 to detect the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece 60, and repeating the step S2 when the detected roughness is unqualified until the detection is qualified.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, this summary should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a turning and milling combined machining detects integrative equipment which characterized in that: the multi-axis multi-direction milling machine comprises a machine body, a laser heating module, an on-machine detection module, a turning module and a milling module, wherein the machine body is provided with a mounting part, a workpiece is placed on the mounting part, the laser heating module, the on-machine detection module and the turning module are movably mounted on the machine body, the heating end of the laser heating module can move and is used for heating a to-be-processed area of the workpiece, the on-machine detection module can move towards the direction close to the workpiece and is used for detecting the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece, the turning end of the turning module can move and is used for turning the heated workpiece, and the milling module is used for multi-axis multi-direction milling of the heated workpiece;

the laser heating module comprises a gantry truss, a sliding assembly, a mechanical arm and a laser head, the gantry truss is fixed on the bed body, the sliding assembly is mounted at the upper end of the gantry truss, the laser head is mounted at one end of the mechanical arm, the other end of the mechanical arm is mounted on the sliding assembly, the sliding assembly is used for driving the mechanical arm to move, the mechanical arm can drive the laser head to move, and the laser head is used for heating a to-be-processed area of a workpiece;

the sliding assembly comprises a first guide rail, a rack, a gear, a first sliding block, a sliding plate, a stepping motor and a speed reducer, the first guide rail and the rack are fixed at the upper end of the gantry truss, the first guide rail is parallel to the rack, the first sliding block is connected to the first guide rail in a sliding mode, the first sliding block is fixed at the lower end of the sliding plate, the stepping motor, the speed reducer and the mechanical arm are all mounted on the sliding plate, the stepping motor is connected with the speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with the gear, the gear is meshed with the rack, and when the stepping motor drives the speed reducer to rotate, the speed reducer can drive the gear to rotate and enable the gear to move along the length direction of the rack so as to drive the sliding plate and the first sliding block to move along the length direction of the first guide rail;

the turning module comprises a hydraulic system, a sliding table assembly, an encoder, a turning servo motor and a turning tool, the turning servo motor is fixed on the sliding table assembly, the encoder is installed on one side of the turning servo motor, the turning tool is detachably installed on an output shaft of the turning servo motor, the hydraulic system is installed at the lower end of the lathe bed, the hydraulic system is used for driving the sliding table assembly to act and enabling the sliding table assembly to drive the turning servo motor to move along an X axis and a Y axis, a range value is stored in the encoder, and when coordinate data in NC program codes received by the encoder exceed the range value, the turning servo motor is controlled to stop rotating;

the sliding table assembly comprises a sliding table base, a transverse guide rail, a transverse sliding block, a longitudinal guide rail, a longitudinal sliding block, a sliding table and a mounting plate, wherein the sliding table base is fixed on the bed body, the transverse guide rail is fixed at the upper end of the sliding table base, the transverse sliding block is connected to the transverse guide rail in a sliding manner, the upper end of the transverse sliding block is fixedly connected with the sliding table, the longitudinal guide rail is fixed on the sliding table, the longitudinal sliding block is connected to the longitudinal guide rail in a sliding manner, the upper end of the longitudinal sliding block is fixedly connected with the mounting plate, and the turning servo motor is mounted on the mounting plate;

the on-machine detection module comprises a controller, a second guide rail, a second sliding block, a transition plate, a detection servo motor, an atomic force microscope and a displacement sensor, wherein the second guide rail is fixed on the mounting plate, the second sliding block is connected to the second guide rail in a sliding manner, the transition plate is fixed on the second sliding block, the detection servo motor, the atomic force microscope and the displacement sensor are all mounted on the mounting plate, an output shaft of the detection servo motor is connected with the second sliding block and used for driving the second sliding block to move, the displacement sensor is used for detecting the position of a workpiece and transmitting a position signal of the workpiece to the controller, the controller is electrically connected with the detection servo motor and used for controlling the detection servo motor to act so as to drive the atomic force microscope to move, and the atomic force microscope is used for detecting the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece;

still install protecting sheathing and microscope support on the cab apron, displacement sensor fixes on protecting sheathing's the outer wall, microscope support fixes in the protecting sheathing, just protecting sheathing has seted up observation mouth and power supply mouth on two relative lateral walls, observation mouth department is through the transparency shutoff, the observation mouth is used for atomic force microscope observes the workpiece surface, the power supply mouth is used for drawing forth of pencil.

2. The turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equipment comprises: the milling module includes X to guide rail, stand, Y to guide rail, ram and Z to the guide rail, X is fixed to the guide rail on the lathe bed, just stand sliding connection is in X is to on the guide rail, Y is fixed to the guide rail one side of stand, just ram sliding connection is in Y is to on the guide rail, Z is fixed to the guide rail on the ram, just Z can install milling cutter to dismantling on the guide rail.

3. The turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equipment comprises: the mounting member is a rom chuck.

4. The use method of the turning and milling combined machining and detection integrated equipment based on any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: adjusting the position of the laser heating module, and starting the laser heating module to heat the to-be-processed area of the workpiece;

s2: starting the turning module to turn the workpiece, and then starting the milling module to mill the workpiece;

s3: and opening the on-machine detection module to detect the local roughness of the surface of the workpiece, and repeating the step S2 when the detected roughness is unqualified until the detection is qualified.

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