CN114131225A - Method for improving impact toughness of heat affected zone of titanium alloy welding joint - Google Patents
Method for improving impact toughness of heat affected zone of titanium alloy welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN114131225A CN114131225A CN202111655702.XA CN202111655702A CN114131225A CN 114131225 A CN114131225 A CN 114131225A CN 202111655702 A CN202111655702 A CN 202111655702A CN 114131225 A CN114131225 A CN 114131225A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy welding and discloses a method for improving the impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a titanium alloy welding joint, which comprises the following steps of firstly cleaning a groove of a titanium alloy workpiece to be welded and a nearby area of the groove; then, performing swing preheating treatment on the surface of the groove by using a manual TIG electric arc to ensure that the temperature of the surface of the groove is 963-1668 ℃; and after the surface temperature of the groove is cooled to room temperature along with air, performing conventional welding operation. The formed tissue is intertwined with the staggered interlocking tissue formed by the original preheating, and the partial tissue characteristic of manual TIG swinging preheating is reserved, so that the impact toughness of the position of a heat affected zone of a welding joint is improved by the tissue characteristic, the problem of poor impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy under the traditional welding methods such as single electron beam welding, plasma welding, laser welding, narrow-gap consumable electrode welding and the like is effectively solved, and the welding production efficiency and the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the high-strength titanium alloy are both considered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy welding, and particularly relates to a method for improving and improving the toughness of a heat affected zone of a high-strength titanium alloy welding joint.
Background
The titanium alloy has the characteristics of high melting point, poor thermal conductivity, easy oxidation and harmful gas absorption at high temperature and the like, so the weldability of the titanium alloy is not high. At present, the welding method of the titanium alloy medium plate by scholars at home and abroad mainly aims at plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, narrow gap welding and the like. Aiming at the common titanium alloy welding method, students find that the impact toughness of a welding joint is generally low, so that the application scene of the titanium alloy is greatly limited, and develop a series of researches aiming at the characteristic of poor impact toughness.
King gold snow et al[1]Research on manual welding and electron beam welding of TC18 titanium alloy materials by TIG (tungsten inert gas welding) respectively shows that the impact toughness of a welding joint can be greatly improved by the manual TIG welding method. The method solves the problem that the current titanium alloy is low in impact toughness, but meanwhile, manual TIG welding heat input is low, a multilayer multi-pass welding technology is needed for titanium alloy medium and thick plates, the welding period of the titanium alloy is greatly prolonged, and the application requirement in the field of titanium alloy welding is difficult to meet.
Liu Qiang et al[2]The heat treatment mode is adopted for the Ti-6A1-4V-0.5Ni-0.05Ru titanium alloy petroleum pipe, the single-stage annealing mode is adopted, the impact toughness of the titanium alloy can be improved in a mode of reducing the strength of the titanium alloy, the toughness is improved more obviously along with the increase of the temperature, and the improvement of the impact toughness can be realized through the process of carrying out the post-welding heat treatment on the welded joint. However, for most welding scenes, the titanium alloy component with medium and thick size is difficult to meet the condition of post-welding heat treatment, and the operation is complex and high in cost. Therefore, the method has narrow application range and no universality.
Wangqingfeng et al[3]A titanium alloy plate with high impact toughness is developed through the technological processes of raw material smelting, two-phase forging, heat preservation treatment and rolling cooling, and the impact toughness of the titanium alloy plate at the temperature of-10 ℃ can reach more than 50J. However, the process is only specific to the special titanium sponge plate, and the process is extremely harsh and complex, so that the process cannot be applied to the field of welding joints.
So far, the research results of most students show that most of the students solve the problem of impact toughness of titanium alloy welding joints through some methods, but at present, the solutions have no universality and economy, and are difficult to be widely applied to the field of titanium alloy welding.
Titanium alloy has wide application in the fields of aerospace, ships, medical treatment, automobiles and the like, and the demand of the fields for the titanium alloy is increasing, and the titanium alloy has strong capacity of absorbing plastic deformation work and fracture work under the action of impact load, so that the improvement of the impact toughness of a titanium alloy welding line and a heat affected zone is very important for the application scene of materials. At present, the welding joint of the traditional manual TIG welding has high impact performance, but the welding method can not meet the huge application requirement at all. Therefore, designing a welding method which not only maintains the original high-efficiency welding mode, but also solves the problem that the impact toughness of the titanium alloy welding line and the heat affected zone is poor in the mode is very important for the development of the titanium alloy in the future.
[1] Comparing the structure and the performance of a welding joint of hand TIG welding and electron beam welding of Wangjinxue, Yuanhong, Yuhua, TC18 titanium alloy [ J ] welding, 2010(03):33-35+69.
[2] Liu Qiang, Zhao Mifeng, Zhu Guo Chuan, Li Ning, Xijunfeng, Wang Bao, in Yang, Song Sheng, Yi Sheng, effects of heat treatment on the structure and performance of Ti-6Al-4V-0.5Ni-0.05Ru titanium alloy for petroleum pipes [ J ] rare metal materials and engineering, 2021,50(07): 2557-.
[3] A titanium alloy plate with high impact toughness and a processing technology thereof [ P ]. hebei province: CN109468492B,2020-07-07.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a titanium alloy welding joint, aiming at solving the technical problem that the impact toughness and the efficiency of the heat affected zone of the welding joint are difficult to be compatible in the high-efficiency welding process of titanium alloy, and the method can improve the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy welding joint on the basis of keeping the original high-efficiency welding mode.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving the impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a titanium alloy welded joint, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning the groove of the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded and the area nearby the groove;
(2) carrying out swing preheating treatment on the surface of the groove by using a manual TIG electric arc to ensure that the temperature of the surface of the groove is 963-1668 ℃;
(3) and cooling the surface temperature of the groove to room temperature along with air, and then carrying out conventional welding operation.
Further, the swinging preheating treatment is that the welding gun head continuously swings on the surface of the groove while moving along the direction of the groove.
Furthermore, the continuous swing path of the swing preheating treatment is a zigzag continuous swing path or an arc continuous swing path.
Furthermore, the swing preheating treatment of the zigzag continuous swing path is suitable for titanium alloy workpieces with the thickness of more than or equal to 10mm, the TIG current is 55-70A, the voltage is 15-20V, and the swing speed is 5-12 mm/s.
Furthermore, the swing preheating treatment of the circular arc-shaped continuous swing path is suitable for titanium alloy workpieces with the thickness of less than 10mm, the TIG current is 55-65A, the voltage is 16-20V, and the swing speed is 10-15 mm/s.
Further, the conventional welding operation is one of electron beam welding, plasma welding, laser welding, and narrow gap consumable electrode welding.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for improving the impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a titanium alloy welding joint, wherein the surface of a groove is subjected to swing preheating treatment, namely the groove is heated to a temperature higher than the phase transition temperature of the titanium alloy through a swinging manual TIG electric arc and then is cooled, so that the heat affected zone of the welding joint forms a layer of microstructure which is mutually interlocked in a staggered manner; and then carrying out normal plasma arc welding, laser welding, electron beam welding, narrow-gap TIG and other high-efficiency welding operations, wherein the formed tissue is entangled with the staggered and interlocked tissue formed by the original preheating, and the tissue characteristic of partial manual TIG swinging preheating is reserved. Meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and can be compatible with various existing welding methods, so that the method has strong universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a continuous swing path of a groove swing preheating treatment of a titanium alloy plate;
wherein, (a) is a sawtooth-shaped continuous swing path, and (b) is a circular arc-shaped continuous swing path;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of toughening treatment of the surface of a type I groove of a titanium alloy thick plate.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the invention, its features and advantages, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The impact toughness of the titanium alloy joint obtained by the traditional single-layer single-channel or multi-layer multi-channel welding methods such as plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, narrow gap TIG and the like is poor, and the specific reasons are as follows: the welding seam is formed rapidly in most of plasma arc welding, narrow gap welding and electron beam welding processes, the welding process is heated uniformly and stably, lamellar alpha and acicular alpha' tissues formed in the tissues have obvious directionality, and cracks can easily expand along the direction parallel to the tissues due to the tissue characteristics, so that the impact toughness is very low.
The invention aims at the problem of poor impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a plurality of traditional high-efficiency titanium alloy medium and thick plates, such as traditional single plasma arc welding, electron beam welding, narrow gap TIG welding and the like, and designs a method for improving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy welding joint. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, placing a titanium alloy workpiece to be welded on a workbench, cleaning a groove of the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded and a base metal area within 20mm nearby the groove, and ensuring that oxides, oil stains and the like in the welding area are cleaned up.
And step two, performing swing preheating treatment on the surface of the groove by using a manual TIG electric arc, namely continuously swinging the welding gun head on the surface of the groove while moving along the direction of the groove to control the temperature of the surface of the groove to be between 963 and 1668 ℃.
The continuous swing path of the swing preheating treatment can refer to the swing welding operation in the prior art, and is generally formed by repeatedly arranging a plurality of motion path units, wherein each motion path unit comprises a groove surface moving process from the side A to the side B of the groove and then back to the side A; wherein, the side A and the side B are two side edges of the groove respectively.
The following is illustrated with two common continuous oscillation paths:
as shown in fig. 1(a), the swing preheating treatment may adopt a zigzag continuous swing path, that is, the welding gun head moves along a broken line on the surface of the groove, and the movement path unit moves from the a side of the groove to the B side, the axial line of the welding gun generates an angle of 15 ° to 30 ° by the hand torque, and then returns to the a side to generate an angle of 15 ° to 30 ° by the hand torque, and moves to the B side, thus reciprocating to realize continuous swing. For titanium alloy workpieces with the thickness of more than 10mm, a zigzag continuous swing path is preferably adopted, TIG current is controlled to be 55-70A, voltage is controlled to be 15-20V, and swing speed is controlled to be 5-12 mm/s, so that the surface temperature of the groove is controlled to be 963-1668 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1(B), the swing preheating treatment may adopt an arc-shaped continuous swing path, that is, the welding torch head moves in an arc on the surface of the groove, and the movement path unit moves from the a side of the groove to the B side, the welding torch is caused to generate an angle of 40 ° to 60 ° by the hand torque, and then returns to the a side, the welding torch is caused to generate an angle of 40 ° to 60 ° by the hand torque, and moves to the B side, so that the welding torch reciprocates to realize continuous swing. For titanium alloy workpieces with the thickness of less than 10mm, an arc-shaped continuous swinging path is preferably adopted, TIG current is controlled to be 55-65A, voltage is controlled to be 16-20V, and swinging speed is controlled to be 10-15 mm/s, so that the surface temperature of a groove is controlled to be 963-1668 ℃.
3. After the groove surface swing preheating treatment is completed, the groove surface temperature is cooled to room temperature along with the air, and a toughening treatment layer is formed on the groove surface, as shown in fig. 2. So far, the toughening treatment of the material near the welding groove is completed, and subsequent normal welding operations including electron beam welding, plasma welding, laser welding, narrow-gap consumable electrode welding and the like can be performed.
Example 1:
this embodiment is to the I type groove welding of nearly alpha type high-strength titanium alloy tubular product that a wall thickness is 8mm, specifically includes:
1. the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded is placed on a workbench, the surface of the I-shaped groove area of the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded is cleaned, and oxides, oil stains and the like in the welding area are cleaned completely.
2. And (2) welding the titanium alloy pipe with the clean surface in the step (1) by directly using an electron beam welding method, wherein the electron beam welding parameters are acceleration voltage of 120KV, electron beam current of 30mA, focusing current of 2090Ma and welding speed of 800mm/min, and after intercepting an impact sample from the welded titanium alloy pipe according to GB/T229-2020 standard, an impact test shows that the normal-temperature impact performance range of the electron beam welded titanium alloy pipe is 40-50J.
3. And (3) carrying out swing preheating treatment on the titanium alloy I-shaped groove with the clean surface in the step (1) by using a manual TIG electric arc, wherein the swing preheating treatment adopts an arc-shaped continuous swing path. TIG current is 50-65A, voltage is controlled to be 16-20V, swing speed is 10-15 mm/s, the temperature of the surface of the groove is controlled to be 963-1668 ℃, and then the groove is cooled to room temperature in air, so that toughening treatment on the surface of the groove is completed.
4. And (3) welding the titanium alloy pipe subjected to toughening treatment in the step (3) by adopting the same electron beam welding process as that in the step (2), and intercepting an impact sample according to the GB/T229-2020 standard, wherein an impact test shows that the range of the impact performance of the titanium alloy pipe subjected to the toughening electron beam welding is 55-65J, and the impact performance of the titanium alloy pipe is improved by about 37.5% compared with that of the titanium alloy pipe obtained in the step (2).
Example 2:
the embodiment is directed at the I-type groove welding of a nearly alpha type high-strength titanium alloy medium plate with a wall thickness of 20mm, and specifically includes:
1. the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded is placed on a workbench, the surface of the I-shaped groove area of the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded is cleaned, and oxides, oil stains and the like in the welding area are cleaned completely.
2. And (2) welding the titanium alloy pipe with the clean surface in the step (1) by directly using an electron beam welding method, wherein the electron beam welding parameters are acceleration voltage 130KV, electron beam current 100mA, focusing current 2050Ma and welding speed 1000mm/min, and after an impact sample is intercepted from the welded titanium alloy pipe according to GB/T229-2020 standard, an impact test shows that the normal-temperature impact performance range of the electron beam welded titanium alloy pipe is 10-20J.
3. And (3) carrying out swing preheating treatment on the titanium alloy groove with the clean surface in the step (1) by using a manual TIG electric arc, wherein the swing adopts a zigzag swing path. TIG current is 55-70A, voltage is controlled to be 15-20V, swing speed is 5-12 mm/s, the temperature of the groove surface is controlled to be 963-1668 ℃, and then the groove surface is cooled to room temperature in air, so that toughening treatment on the groove surface is completed, as shown in figure 2.
4. And (3) welding the titanium alloy pipe subjected to toughening treatment in the step (3) by adopting the same electron beam welding process as that in the step (2), and intercepting an impact sample according to the GB/T229-2020 standard, wherein an impact test shows that the range of the impact performance of the titanium alloy pipe subjected to electron beam welding is 35-45J, and the impact performance is improved by about 133.3% compared with that of the titanium alloy pipe obtained in the step (2).
According to the two embodiments, after toughening treatment of the titanium alloy, the impact performance of the heat affected zone can be greatly improved when electron beam welding is carried out; the toughening effect is also applicable to other welding processes, such as plasma welding, laser welding and narrow gap consumable electrode welding.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a titanium alloy weld joint, comprising:
(1) cleaning the groove of the titanium alloy workpiece to be welded and the area nearby the groove;
(2) carrying out swing preheating treatment on the surface of the groove by using a manual TIG electric arc to ensure that the temperature of the surface of the groove is 963-1668 ℃;
(3) and cooling the surface temperature of the groove to room temperature along with air, and then carrying out conventional welding operation.
2. The method for improving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy welded joint according to claim 1, wherein the oscillating preheating treatment is that the welding torch head continuously oscillates on the surface of the groove while moving along the direction of the groove.
3. The method for improving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy welded joint as recited in claim 2, wherein the continuous oscillating path of the oscillating pre-heat treatment is a zigzag continuous oscillating path or a circular arc continuous oscillating path.
4. The method for improving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy welded joint as claimed in claim 3, wherein the oscillating preheating treatment of the zigzag continuous oscillating path is applied to a titanium alloy workpiece with the thickness of 10mm or more, the TIG current is 55-70A, the voltage is 15-20V, and the oscillating speed is 5-12 mm/s.
5. The method for improving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone of the titanium alloy welded joint as claimed in claim 3, wherein the swing preheating treatment of the circular arc-shaped continuous swing path is applied to a titanium alloy workpiece with the thickness of less than 10mm, the TIG current is 55-65A, the voltage is 16-20V, and the swing speed is 10-15 mm/s.
6. The method for improving impact toughness of a heat affected zone of a titanium alloy welded joint as recited in claim 1, wherein said conventional welding operation is one of electron beam welding, plasma welding, laser welding, narrow gap consumable electrode welding.
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