CN114128573A - Method for improving quality of whole-plant barley for feed of yellow sea beach reclamation land - Google Patents
Method for improving quality of whole-plant barley for feed of yellow sea beach reclamation land Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of whole barley for yellow sea beach reclamation land feed, which comprises the following steps: (1) variety screening and seed quality; (2) treating seeds, tedding the seeds for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with a coating agent; (3) limiting the depth and leveling the land, and salinizing and barren the yellow sea beach reclamation land; (4) the water-proof and salt-alkali resistant ditch; (5) sowing, wherein the sowing time is controlled to be 11 months and 10 days, and (6) nitrogen fertilizer quality improvement is carried out, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, pure N =4 kg/mu, and tillering increase is promoted; in the 2-3 leaf stage of wheat seedlings, applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein pure N =7 kg/mu; nitrogen fertilizer is used in the jointing stage, and pure N =8 kg/mu; (7) strengthening the stems and resisting falling, and topdressing K2O =4 kg/mu in the jointing stage; (8) daily management, the ditch cleaning and ridging are well carried out in the whole growth period, the ditch system is ensured to be healthy and smooth, water accumulation and waterlogging damage are strictly prevented, and diseases and insect pests are carefully prevented and treated; (9) harvesting at the right time, harvesting barley for the coastal saline-alkali land feed, wherein the seeds need to reach the milk stage, the yellow leaves of the stems are less than 10 percent, the harvesting is controlled to be 5 months and 5 days before, the coastal strong wind is avoided, and the dry weather is favorable for the modulation work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of whole barley for yellow sea beach reclamation land feed.
Background
The barley is a high-quality feed for livestock and poultry, can replace energy feed and can make up for the deficiency of part of protein feed resources. Barley grains and straws can be used as feed and can be directly used for animal husbandry production. Under the background of rapid development of livestock husbandry in China, barley is produced and transformed for feeding, a corn supply gap can be effectively made up, the breeding cost is reduced, and the pressure of 'food fight between people and livestock' is relieved, meanwhile, the barley for the feed is short in planting period, is usually harvested in 4-5 months, is used as green feed and silage, and is beneficial to the preparation work of raising stubbles and next stubbles in the farmland in advance.
Barley planted in Jiangsu along the yellow sea area is mainly used for beer production, and the product and the feed use of the barley have obvious defects: firstly, the planting density is low, and only about 50% of the feed is used, so that the whole yield level is severely limited; secondly, the height of the barley plant is too low, and the whole biomass level is not high; thirdly, the content of crude protein of the whole barley plant is about 8 percent, which can not meet the needs of animals; and fourthly, only seeds in the late maturing stage are harvested, which is not beneficial to further modulation and intestinal absorption of animals. In order to produce the whole barley feed meeting the culture requirement, a brand-new planting technology which has high crude protein content and high biological yield is urgently needed to be developed to realize the transformation from the beer barley production to the barley for feed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving the quality of whole barley for feed in yellow sea beach reclamation land, the barley planted in Jiangsu yellow sea beach area can meet the culture requirement by the method, and the transformation to feed barley production is promoted, so that the healthy development of industry is facilitated, and the benefit of agricultural production is guaranteed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the quality of whole barley for feed of yellow sea beach reclamation land, which comprises the following steps:
(1) screening saline-alkali tolerant barley varieties and controlling seed quality, selecting varieties with salt tolerance and lodging resistance, carrying out germination tests on the selected barley varieties by using 0.3% and Ph8.5 saline-alkali water, and selecting varieties with the germination rate of more than 50% for later use; the seeds are full and have the purity of 99 percent, the purity of 98 percent and the germination rate of more than 85 percent;
(2) pre-treating seeds, tedding the seeds for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with a coating agent;
(3) limiting depth and leveling, salinizing and barren a reclamation land on a yellow sea beach, crushing stubble plants on the land after 10 middle days of the year, limiting depth by a colter of a ploughing machine for 20cm, turning and pressing, airing for 1-2 days, and smashing and uniformly paving soil blocks by a rotary cultivator; applying the base fertilizer according to the conventional dosage and applying the organic fertilizer;
(4) arranging anti-stain and anti-saline-alkali ditches, arranging drainage ditches with the depth of 1m every 30m after soil preparation along the east-west direction, connecting the drainage ditches with main drainage ditches (river channels) at the periphery of the field block, and arranging waist ditches with the depth of 0.5m every 10m in the north-south direction for guiding accumulated water in the field block out;
(5) sowing is required, the sowing time is controlled to be 11 months and 5 days before, meanwhile, the sowing quantity is 1.5-2.0 times of that of common barley, and is not lower than 12 kg/mu, the basic seedlings after emergence of seedlings are not lower than 30 ten thousand plants/mu, and the sowing period is delayed to be increased by 2-5 ten thousand plants/mu according to the actual temperature;
(6) nitrogen fertilizer quality improvement, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, pure N =4 kg/mu, tillering increase is promoted; in the 2-3 leaf stage of wheat seedlings, applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein pure N =4 kg/mu; nitrogenous fertilizer is used in the jointing stage, pure N =6 kg/mu, and water fertilizer is applied to promote jointing and leaf growth; increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer in fields with heavy salt;
(7) strengthening the stem and resisting falling, dressing K in the jointing stage2O =4 kg/mu, improves the strength of the wheat straw, and is beneficial to later flowering and wind prevention;
(8) daily management, the ditch cleaning and ridging are well carried out in the whole growth period, the ditch system is ensured to be healthy and smooth, the waterlogging and waterlogging are strictly prevented, and the disease and insect damage are prevented and treated by attention: the banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, armyworm and aphid are controlled by selecting a low-toxicity biological agent or a pesticide without residue;
(9) harvesting at the right time, harvesting barley for the coastal saline-alkali land feed, wherein the seeds need to reach the milk stage, the yellow leaves of the stems are less than 20 percent, the harvesting is controlled to be 5 months and 5 days before, the coastal strong wind is avoided, and the dry weather is favorable for the modulation work.
The method for improving the quality of the whole barley for the feed for the yellow sea beach reclamation land comprises the steps of improving the plant biomass through high seeding quantity; secondly, the protein deposition level of the whole plant is improved by applying high-nitrogen high-potassium fertilizer and water fertilizer, the hardness of the stems is improved, the wind lodging resistance is improved, and the yellowing time of the leaves is delayed; thirdly, the plant height is promoted to be increased by strengthening and pulling out the fertilizer; and fourthly, the harvest time is controlled to be in the 5-month and 5-day milk stage, so that the lodging caused by coastal typhoon is avoided, the hardening of seeds is prevented, and the modulation is not facilitated. The method realizes that the barley planted in the yellow sea beach area of Jiangsu meets the culture requirement, promotes the transformation to the production of the barley for feed, is beneficial to the healthy development of industry and ensures the economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural arrangement of a barley water-proof and salt-alkali-resistant ditch planted in a beach reclamation land;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the entire plant height of a sample square barley;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the biological yield of whole barley plants;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the dry matter content of the whole barley plant of the same formula;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the total dry matter yield of the whole barley plant;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the crude protein content of the whole barley plant of the same square;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing crude protein yield of whole barley;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the increase in crude protein yield of the whole barley plant of the same formula as compared with the conventional one.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of whole barley for feed of yellow sea beach reclamation land, which comprises the following steps:
(1) screening saline-alkali tolerant barley varieties and controlling seed quality. Selecting a variety with salt tolerance and lodging resistance, carrying out a germination test on the selected barley variety by using 0.3% and Ph8.5 saline water, and selecting the variety with the germination rate of more than 50% for later use; the seeds are full and have the purity of 99 percent, the purity of 98 percent and the germination rate of more than 85 percent;
(2) pre-treating seeds, tedding the seeds for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with a coating agent;
(3) limiting depth and leveling, salinizing and barren a reclamation land on a yellow sea beach, crushing stubble plants on the land after 10 middle days of the year, limiting depth by a colter of a ploughing machine for 20cm, turning and pressing, airing for 1-2 days, and smashing and uniformly paving soil blocks by a rotary cultivator; applying the base fertilizer according to the conventional dosage and applying the organic fertilizer;
(4) arranging anti-stain and anti-saline-alkali ditches, arranging drainage ditches with the depth of 1m every 30m in the east-west direction after soil preparation, and connecting the drainage ditches with main drainage ditches (river channels) at the periphery of the field; a waist ditch with the depth of 0.5 meter is arranged every 10 meters in the north-south direction and is used for guiding accumulated water in the field block out; as shown in fig. 1, 1-east-west drain (depth 1 m); 2-south-north shallow waist furrow (depth 0.5 m);
(5) the sowing time is controlled to be 11 months and 5 days before, meanwhile, the sowing quantity is 1.5-2.0 times of that of the common barley, and is not lower than 12 kg/mu (the higher the salt content is, the larger the using weight is), the basic seedlings after emergence are not lower than 30 ten thousand plants/mu, and the sowing period is delayed to be increased by 2-5 ten thousand plants/mu according to the actual temperature;
(6) nitrogen fertilizer quality improvement, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, pure N =4 kg/mu, tillering increase is promoted; in the 2-3 leaf stage of wheat seedlings, applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein pure N =4 kg/mu; nitrogenous fertilizer is used in the jointing stage, pure N =6 kg/mu, and water fertilizer is applied to promote jointing and leaf growth; increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer in fields with heavy salt;
(7) strengthening the stem and resisting falling, dressing K in the jointing stage2O =4 kg/mu, improves the strength of the wheat straw, and is beneficial to later flowering and wind prevention;
(8) daily management, the ditch cleaning and ridging are well carried out in the whole growth period, the ditch system is ensured to be healthy and smooth, the waterlogging and waterlogging are strictly prevented, and the disease and insect damage are prevented and treated by attention: the banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, armyworm and aphid are controlled by selecting a low-toxicity biological agent or a pesticide without residue;
(9) harvesting at the right time, harvesting barley for the coastal saline-alkali land feed, wherein the seeds need to reach the milk stage, the yellow leaves of the stems are less than 20 percent, the harvesting is controlled to be 5 months and 5 days before, the coastal strong wind is avoided, and the dry weather is favorable for the modulation work.
Example (b): planting cases are in the east of Huangjian town G228 in coastal reclamation areas of Jiangsu province salt cities, planting fields are rice and wheat crop rotation areas, and the saline-alkali conditions of the soil are as follows: pH 8.2, salt content 0.1%, and volume weight 1.3g/cm3Total nitrogen is 1.2g/kg, total potassium is 81.6mg/kg, and the nutrient status of the applied liquid nitrogen fertilizer is as follows: the pH value is 7.5, the total nitrogen is 0.12%, the total potassium is 0.04%, the organic matter is 0.25%, and the barley variety is a local Su beer series variety meeting the planting requirements of saline-alkali soil. The test was performed in three repetitions with a cell area of 3m × 4m, with a blank group, a normal group (set to 100%) and N20%, N40%, N60%, N80%, N100%, N120%, N140%, N160%, N180%, and N200% set in terms of the total nitrogen dose atmosphere. The implementation period is from 10 months before the year to 5 months before the next year.
In the implementation process, the main technical means and the detection of the quality of the whole barley plant are as follows:
1. soil preparation and seed preparation
In the last ten days of 10 months, the plants with the remained stubbles on the ground are crushed, the depth of the crushed plants is limited by a coulter of a turning machine to be 20cm, the crushed plants are turned and pressed, and after the plants are aired for 1 to 2 days, the soil blocks are smashed and uniformly spread by a rotary cultivator.
The seeds selected need to be full, the purity is 99 percent, the purity is 98 percent, a culture dish is used for carrying out a germination rate test, the whole bud rate of the seeds is detected to be not less than 85 percent, the seeds are tedded for 2 days before sowing, and 10g to 15g of 2 percent of rickettsia (tebuconazole) wettable powder is mixed with 10kg of wheat seeds.
2. Base fertilizer and seeding
The base fertilizer is only applied with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein 42 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 9.2 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and the nitrogen fertilizer is used for topdressing in different growth periods of barley to control the quality of barley.
Sowing in 10 months and 30 days, wherein the sowing quantity is 12 kg/mu of that of common barley, sowing is carried out by uniformly sowing rows by manpower, the row spacing is 15cm, and mechanical sowing is carried out, or the row depth is 3-5 cm.
After sowing, arranging drainage ditches with the depth of 1m every 30m along the east-west direction, and connecting the drainage ditches with the main drainage ditches at the periphery of the field; the waist ditches with the depth of 0.5m are arranged every 10m in the north-south direction, so that accumulated water in the field can be guided out in time, as shown in figure 1.
3. Top dressing and daily management
And (4) nitrogen fertilizer quality improvement. Applying nitrogen fertilizer (pure N =4 kg/acre) at the tillering stage to promote tillering increase; in the green turning period, applying nitrogen fertilizer (pure N =4 kg/mu); and (3) promoting the growth of jointing and leaves by using a nitrogen fertilizer (pure N =6 kg/mu, the condition allows for the application of a water fertilizer body).
Strong stems resist falling. In the jointing stage, dressing K2O =4 kg/mu, improves the strength of the wheat straw, and is beneficial to later flowering and wind prevention.
The ditch cleaning and ridging are well carried out in the whole growth period, the ditch system is ensured to be healthy and smooth, and the waterlogging and waterlogging damage are strictly prevented.
The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests mainly comprise banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, armyworm, aphid and the like, and low-toxicity biological agents or pesticide without residues are selected for prevention and control.
4. Harvesting and brewing
And after 5 months, the barley seeds reach the milk stage, and the ratio of green stems to yellow leaves is lower than 20%. Harvesting 5 days before 5 months, leaving 5cm of stubble, harvesting by a harvesting and crushing integrated harvester, adjusting the moisture content of the rear near water to about 50%, and wrapping and ensiling.
After the technical links are implemented, harvesting is carried out for 5 months and 5 days, the measured plant height is increased by 6-7% when 140-180% of N fertilizer is planted in a conventional method, as shown in figure 2; the biomass of the whole plant is increased by 40 percent compared with the biomass of the whole plant planted by the conventional method, as shown in figure 3; the content of the whole crude protein is improved by 20-40% compared with the conventional crude protein, and the maximum content reaches 12%, as shown in figures 4-6; the yield of crude protein of the same formula is improved by 50% compared with the conventional method, as shown in figure 7. The quality of the barley feed is improved by more than 40 percent only from the continuous indexes of the production quantity and the crude protein yield, as shown in figure 8.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the quality of whole barley for feed in yellow sea beach reclamation land comprises the following steps:
(1) screening saline-alkali tolerant barley varieties and controlling seed quality, selecting varieties with salt tolerance and lodging resistance, carrying out germination tests on the selected barley varieties by using 0.3% and Ph8.5 saline-alkali water, and selecting varieties with the germination rate of more than 50% for later use; the seeds are full and have the purity of 99 percent, the purity of 98 percent and the germination rate of more than 85 percent;
(2) pre-treating seeds, tedding the seeds for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and mixing the seeds with a coating agent;
(3) limiting depth and leveling, salinizing and barren a reclamation land on a yellow sea beach, crushing stubble plants on the land after 10 middle days of the year, limiting depth by a colter of a ploughing machine for 20cm, turning and pressing, airing for 1-2 days, and smashing and uniformly paving soil blocks by a rotary cultivator; applying the base fertilizer according to the conventional dosage and applying the organic fertilizer;
(4) arranging anti-stain and anti-saline-alkali ditches, arranging drainage ditches with the depth of 1m every 30m after soil preparation along the east-west direction, connecting the drainage ditches with main drainage ditches (river channels) at the periphery of the field block, and arranging waist ditches with the depth of 0.5m every 10m in the north-south direction for guiding accumulated water in the field block out;
(5) sowing is required, the sowing time is controlled to be 11 months and 5 days before, meanwhile, the sowing quantity is 1.5-2.0 times of that of common barley, and is not lower than 12 kg/mu, the basic seedlings after emergence of seedlings are not lower than 30 ten thousand plants/mu, and the sowing period is delayed to be increased by 2-5 ten thousand plants/mu according to the actual temperature;
(6) nitrogen fertilizer quality improvement, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage, pure N =4 kg/mu, tillering increase is promoted; in the 2-3 leaf stage of wheat seedlings, applying nitrogen fertilizer, wherein pure N =4 kg/mu; nitrogenous fertilizer is used in the jointing stage, pure N =6 kg/mu, and water fertilizer is applied to promote jointing and leaf growth; increasing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer in fields with heavy salt;
(7) strengthening the stem and resisting falling, dressing K in the jointing stage2O =4 kg/mu, improves the strength of the wheat straw, and is beneficial to later flowering and wind prevention;
(8) daily management, the ditch cleaning and ridging are well carried out in the whole growth period, the ditch system is ensured to be healthy and smooth, the waterlogging and waterlogging are strictly prevented, and the disease and insect damage are prevented and treated by attention: the banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, gibberellic disease, armyworm and aphid are controlled by selecting a low-toxicity biological agent or a pesticide without residue;
(9) harvesting at the right time, harvesting barley for the coastal saline-alkali land feed, wherein the seeds need to reach the milk stage, the yellow leaves of the stems are less than 20 percent, the harvesting is controlled to be 5 months and 5 days before, the coastal strong wind is avoided, and the dry weather is favorable for the modulation work.
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Application publication date: 20220304 |