CN114117765B - Blasting design parameter optimization method and device for realizing lowest drilling and blasting cost - Google Patents
Blasting design parameter optimization method and device for realizing lowest drilling and blasting cost Download PDFInfo
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- CN114117765B CN114117765B CN202111371497.4A CN202111371497A CN114117765B CN 114117765 B CN114117765 B CN 114117765B CN 202111371497 A CN202111371497 A CN 202111371497A CN 114117765 B CN114117765 B CN 114117765B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting design parameter optimization method for realizing lowest drilling and blasting cost, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a static blasting parameter value, an initial value of a blasting design parameter and a constraint parameter value of an index related to blasting quality; and calculating the optimal solution of the blasting design parameter with the lowest drilling and blasting cost under the premise of considering the blasting quality by utilizing a preset blasting design parameter and drilling and blasting cost optimization model, combining the static blasting parameter value, the initial value of the blasting design parameter and the constraint parameter value of the index associated with the blasting quality. The invention minimizes the drilling and blasting cost under the condition of ensuring the blasting quality, thereby providing a simple, quick and convergent solution for the selection of blasting design parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting. More specifically, the invention relates to a blasting design parameter optimization method and device for realizing the lowest drilling and blasting cost.
Background
In the open blasting engineering, in order to meet a series of engineering indexes such as safety, quality, cost and the like, the influence of blasting design parameters, rock properties, explosive types and the like needs to be considered in an important way. Many researchers have designed a series of empirical models to relate blast design parameters to blast quality (in terms of bulk rate, bulk size distribution, etc.) or blast cost to optimize the design of blast parameters.
The blasting quality not only reflects the accuracy and rationality of blasting design parameters and blasting methods, but also directly influences the cost of subsequent procedures such as shoveling, transporting, crushing and the like. Generally, the drilling and blasting cost is reduced along with the reduction of the blasting quality, and the operation cost of the subsequent process is reduced along with the improvement of the blasting quality.
The traditional optimization design of blasting parameters is generally based on engineering experience to determine parameters, and parameters are readjusted by combining blasting experiment results and an empirical model. Due to the nonlinear property of the empirical model, the method cannot rapidly and accurately determine blasting design parameters, lacks scientific basis and is difficult to ensure blasting quality and cost. Therefore, the method for optimizing the blasting design parameters based on the iterative algorithm is designed to optimize the initial blasting design parameters, so that the drilling and blasting cost is reduced while the blasting quality is guaranteed, and the method has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for optimizing blasting design parameters to minimize the drilling and blasting costs, so as to provide a simple, fast and convergent solution for selecting the blasting design parameters.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a blasting design parameter optimization method for minimizing drilling and blasting costs, comprising:
acquiring a static blasting parameter value, an initial value of a blasting design parameter and a constraint parameter value of an index related to blasting quality;
and calculating the optimal solution of the blasting design parameter with the lowest drilling and blasting cost under the premise of considering the blasting quality by utilizing a preset blasting design parameter and drilling and blasting cost optimization model, combining the static blasting parameter value, the initial value of the blasting design parameter and the constraint parameter value of the index associated with the blasting quality.
Preferably, the static blasting parameters include: diameter d of blast hole, height H of step, standard deviation delta of drilling precision, length l of spacer, rock coefficient A, size xp of large block, and unit detonation cost k 1 Cost per unit of explosive k 2 Unit drilling cost k 3 Explosive density ρ and relative weight power RWS;
blasting design parameters include: the method comprises the following steps of blast hole spacing a, a minimum resistance line b, ultra-depth h, blocking length s and the number u of blast holes.
Preferably, the indicators associated with the quality of blast include: the uniformity index n, the large block rate R (xp), the blasting volume V, the ratio a/b of the distance between blast holes and the minimum resistance line, the ratio h/b of the ultra-deep and the minimum resistance line, and the ratio s/b of the blocking length and the minimum resistance line;
The uniformity index and the large block rate are obtained through an Kuz-Ram model algorithm, and the blasting square quantity is obtained through the distance between blast holes, the minimum resistance line, the step height and the number of the blast holes.
Preferably, the constraint parameter values of the index associated with the quality of explosion include: lower uniformity index value n min Upper limit value n of uniformity index max Upper limit of bulk fraction R max Lower limit value V of blasting amount min Lower limit value of ratio of distance between blast holes to minimum resistance line
Upper limit value of ratio of blast hole spacing to minimum resisting line
Lower limit of ratio of ultra-deep to minimum resistance line
Upper limit of ratio of ultra-deep to minimum resistance line
Lower limit of the ratio of the length of the plug to the line of least resistance
Upper limit of the ratio of the length of the plug to the line of least resistance
Preferably, the blasting design parameter and drilling and blasting cost optimization model is as follows:
preferably, the optimal solution of the optimization model is solved by an SQP method.
The invention also provides a blasting design parameter optimization device for realizing the lowest drilling and blasting cost, which comprises the following components: the system comprises at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to execute the method.
The invention also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the method aims at obtaining the lowest drilling and blasting cost, takes the blasting quality as the constraint, and ensures that the drilling and blasting cost is minimized under the condition of guaranteeing the blasting quality by adopting a calculation iteration method, so that a simple, quick and convergent solution is provided for selection of blasting design parameters.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a blasting design parameter optimization method for achieving the lowest drilling and blasting cost according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the optimization model to find an optimal solution according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of Kuz-Ram passage curves before and after optimization of blasting design parameters according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a blasting design parameter optimization method for realizing the lowest drilling and blasting cost, which includes:
s101, acquiring a static blasting parameter value, an initial value of a blasting design parameter and a constraint parameter value of an index related to blasting quality;
Specifically, the static blasting parameters include: diameter d of blast hole, height H of step, standard deviation delta of drilling precision, length l of spacer, rock coefficient A, size xp of large block, and unit detonation cost k 1 Cost per unit of explosive k 2 Unit drilling cost k 3 Explosive density ρ and relative weight power RWS;
blasting design parameters include: the distance a between blast holes, the minimum resistance line b, the ultra-depth h, the blocking length s and the number u of the blast holes, and the initial value of the blasting design parameter before optimization can be expressed as a 0 、b 0 、h 0 、s 0 、u 0 。
The indexes associated with the quality of blasting include: the uniformity index n, the large block rate R (xp), the blasting volume V, the ratio a/b of the distance between blast holes and the minimum resistance line, the ratio h/b of the ultra-deep and the minimum resistance line, and the ratio s/b of the blocking length and the minimum resistance line;
the uniformity index and the large block rate are obtained through an Kuz-Ram model algorithm, and the blasting square quantity is obtained through the distance between blast holes, the minimum resistance line, the step height and the number of the blast holes.
Here the average crushing size X given by the Kuz-Ram model 50 The algorithm for the uniformity index n and the oversize material ratio R (x) is as follows:
the mass fraction r (xp) refers to the fraction of oversize material when the mesh size x is the mass size xp.
The single-hole charge Q can be estimated by the diameter d of a blast hole, the height H of a step, the ultra-depth H, the blocking length s, the length l of a spacer and the explosive density rho:
The blasting square quantity V refers to the total volume of all blast hole broken rocks, and can be obtained by using the blast hole distance, the minimum resistance line, the step height and the number of the blast holes:
V＝abHu
the constraint parameter values of the indexes related to the blasting quality comprise: lower value of uniformity index n min Upper limit value n of uniformity index max Upper limit of bulk fraction R max Lower limit value V of blasting amount min Lower limit value of ratio of distance between blast holes to minimum resistance line
Upper limit value of ratio of blast hole spacing to minimum resisting line
Lower limit of ratio of ultra-deep to minimum resistance line
Upper limit of ratio of ultra-deep to minimum resistance line
Lower limit of the ratio of the length of the plug to the line of least resistance
Upper limit of the ratio of the length of the plug to the line of least resistance
If the indexes related to the blasting quality are subjected to condition constraint by adopting constraint parameter values, the indexes can be expressed as:
R(xp)≤R max
n min ≤n≤n max
V≥V min
s102, calculating the optimal solution of the blasting design parameter with the lowest drilling and blasting cost under the premise of considering the blasting quality by utilizing a preset blasting design parameter and drilling and blasting cost optimization model, combining a static blasting parameter value, an initial value of the blasting design parameter and a constraint parameter value of an index associated with the blasting quality.
Specifically, the optimization model of the blasting design parameters and the drilling and blasting cost is as follows:
In fact, the optimization model is constructed by the following method:
the drilling and blasting cost C is mainly divided into the detonation cost C 1 Cost of explosive C 2 And drilling cost C 3 Thus, the drilling and blasting cost, drilling and blasting cost C, can be expressed as:
C＝C 1 +C 2 +C 3 ；
and initiation cost C 1 Can pass unit detonation cost k 1 Calculated from the number u of blastholes, C 1 ＝k 1 ×u；
Cost of explosive C 2 Can pass the unit explosive cost k 2 The single-hole charge Q and the number u of blast holes are calculated, C 2 ＝k 2 ×Q×u；
Drilling cost C 3 Cost k of drilling per unit 3 The step height H, the ultra-depth H and the number u of blast holes are obtained, C 3 ＝k 3 ×(H+h)×u；
The drilling and blasting cost C can finally be expressed as:
and then combining with the constraint condition of the index related to the blasting quality to obtain the optimization model.
After obtaining the initial values of the static blasting parameter value and the blasting design parameter, and the constraint parameter value of the index associated with the blasting quality, the present embodiment obtains the optimal solution of the optimization model by the SQP method, as shown in fig. 2, the process specifically includes:
first, a lagrangian function is constructed, expressed as follows:
wherein f (a, b, o, s, u) represents the original objective function, g k (a, b, o, s, u) represents an inequality constraint, v k Representing lagrange multipliers
Defining X as a set of solutions of the optimization model, i.e., (a, b, h, s, u), and expressing the initial parameters before optimization as X 0 ＝(a 0 ,b 0 ,h 0 ,s 0 ,u 0 ) In an iterative process, the ith set of solutions is represented as X i ＝(a i ,b i ,h i ,s i ,u i ) Setting:
D＝X i+1 -X i
second, the following quadratic programming sub-problem was constructed:
in the sub-optimization model, L XX Hessian matrix representing the Lagrangian function, i.e. the second partial derivative matrix, v i Representing the ith set of lagrangian multipliers in the iterative process.
Thirdly, solving the quadratic programming sub-problem by using a KKT condition to obtain an optimal solution D and a group of new Lagrangian multipliers v i+1 Then the new solution of the original optimization problem is X i+1 ＝X i And D, constructing a new quadratic programming subproblem, continuously iterating until convergence or the iteration number upper limit is reached, and finally solving the optimal solution of the blasting design parameters.
In order to further explain the beneficial effects of the invention, the invention selects a group of blasting parameters in the actual blasting engineering to test by adopting the optimization method of the invention, wherein the blasting parameters are shown in table 1, wherein the parameters No. 1-5 are blasting design parameters to be optimized, the parameters No. 6-16 are static blasting parameters, and the parameters are not changed before and after optimization.
TABLE 1
The optimal blasting design parameters are obtained by adopting the optimization method. The blasting design parameter and drilling and blasting cost ratio before and after optimization are shown in table 2, the constraint satisfaction conditions before and after optimization are shown in table 3, and the Kuz-Ram passage rate curve before and after optimization is shown in fig. 3.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, after the method is optimized, the drilling and blasting cost is reduced, and in the indexes related to the blasting quality, the ratio s/b of the bulk rate, the blasting square amount, the blocking length and the minimum resistant line in the prior art does not meet the constraint condition, and after the optimization, all indexes meet the constraint condition, which indicates that the blasting quality is improved. It is clear that the invention is simple, fast and effective.
The invention also provides a blasting design parameter optimization device for realizing the lowest drilling and blasting cost, which comprises the following components: the system comprises at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected with the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to execute the method.
The invention also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above.
The storage medium may be a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various readable storage media capable of storing program codes.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A blasting design parameter optimization method for realizing lowest drilling and blasting cost is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a static blasting parameter value, an initial value of a blasting design parameter and a constraint parameter value of an index related to blasting quality;
calculating an optimal solution of the blasting design parameter with the lowest drilling and blasting cost under the premise of considering the blasting quality by utilizing a preset optimization model of the blasting design parameter and the drilling and blasting cost, combining a static blasting parameter value, an initial value of the blasting design parameter and a constraint parameter value of an index associated with the blasting quality;
the static blasting parameters include: diameter d of blast hole, height H of step, standard deviation delta of drilling precision, length l of spacer, rock coefficient A, size xp of large block, and unit detonation cost k 1 Cost per unit of explosive k 2 Unit drilling cost k 3 Explosive density ρ and relative weight power RWS;
blasting design parameters include: the distance a between blast holes, the minimum resistant line b, the ultra-depth h, the blocking length s and the number u of the blast holes;
the indexes associated with the quality of blasting include: the uniformity index n, the large block rate R (xp), the blasting volume V, the ratio a/b of the distance between blast holes and the minimum resistance line, the ratio h/b of the ultra-deep and the minimum resistance line, and the ratio s/b of the blocking length and the minimum resistance line;
wherein, the uniformity index and the large block rate are obtained by Kuz-Ram model algorithm, and the blasting square quantity is obtained by the distance between blast holes, the minimum resistance line, the step height and the number of the blast holes;
the constraint parameter values of the indexes related to the blasting quality comprise: lower value of uniformity index n min Upper limit value n of uniformity index max Upper limit of bulk fraction R max Lower limit value V of blasting amount min Lower limit value of ratio of distance between blast holes to minimum resistance line
Upper limit value of ratio of blast hole spacing to minimum resisting line
Lower limit of ratio of ultra-deep to minimum resistance line
Upper limit of ratio of ultra-deep to minimum resistance line
Lower limit of the ratio of the length of the plug to the line of least resistance
Upper limit of the ratio of the length of the plug to the line of least resistance 
The blasting design parameter and drilling and blasting cost optimization model comprises the following steps:
2. a blasting design parameter optimization method for achieving lowest drilling and blasting costs as defined in claim 1, wherein an SQP method is used to solve the optimal solution of the optimization model.
3. The utility model provides a realize that brill explodes minimum blasting design parameter optimization device of cost which characterized in that includes: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform the method of any of claims 1-2.
4. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the program, when executed by a processor, implementing the method of any of claims 1-2.
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