CN114114419A - Interlayer multiple prediction and suppression method and method for improving seismic data imaging quality - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interlayer multiple prediction method, a suppression method and a method for improving seismic data imaging quality, which comprise the following steps: carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area; determining the generation position and thickness of multiple waves between target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas; substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation position and thickness of the multiple waves between the target areas into a backscattering series multiple wave prediction formula to predict the multiple waves between the target areas so as to obtain a multiple wave prediction result between the target areas; and subtracting the target area interbed multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain a target area interbed multiple suppression result. The method keeps data driving, does not need manual intervention, does not need known underground information, and is suitable for complex terrain and geological conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine and land geophysical exploration, in particular to a prediction method and a suppression method of interbed multiples in seismic data processing, a method for improving seismic data imaging quality, a corresponding storage medium and corresponding computer equipment.
Background
In the marine and land seismic exploration, due to the existence of seabed and underground strong reflection interface, seismic waves are reflected for many times between the seabed and the strong reflection interface to form interlayer multiples, and the interlayer multiples and the primary reflection waves are overlapped and interfered with each other, so that the resolution of seismic data is seriously reduced, the difficulty of effective wave identification is increased, and the seismic imaging quality and the authenticity and reliability of seismic interpretation are influenced. Therefore, attenuating or eliminating interbed multiples is an important link in seismic data processing.
In order to eliminate the interference of multiple waves between layers and improve the data resolution, the geophysical prospecting provides two types of multiple wave suppression methods: one is a filtering method based on the characteristic difference between primary and multiple waves; another class is predictive subtraction based on the theory of fluctuation.
The filtering method includes a prediction deconvolution method, an f-k filtering method, a Radon transform method, a beamforming filtering method, and the like. When the assumed conditions are well met, the filtering method can effectively attenuate or eliminate multiples, has small calculation amount, is easy to realize and has high efficiency, but the filtering method needs more underground assumed information, and when the characteristic difference between the primary waves and the multiples is small or zero, an ideal effect is difficult to obtain, and even the primary waves are seriously damaged.
The prediction subtraction method avoids the limitation of a filtering method, does not need prior information, and is the main development trend of a multiple suppression method. The method mainly comprises a feedback iteration method and an inverse scattering progression method, wherein the feedback iteration method needs certain manual intervention aiming at the interlayer multiple pressing, interlayer multiples are predicted through a layer-by-layer specified multiple generation layer position, the inverse scattering progression method is completely driven by data, manual intervention is not needed, all interlayer multiples can be predicted through an algorithm, and the method is the most advanced interlayer multiple pressing method at present. However, the method has high data requirement and large calculation amount, and faces a plurality of problems in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an interbed multiple prediction method, a suppression method and a method for improving seismic data imaging quality in seismic data processing, as well as a corresponding storage medium and a corresponding computer device.
First, the present invention provides an interlayer multiple prediction method, comprising:
s100, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation position and thickness of multiple waves between target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and the thickness of the multiple waves among the target area into a backscattering series multiple wave formula to predict the multiple waves among the target area so as to obtain a multiple wave prediction result among the target area.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step 100, the preprocessing includes a noise reduction processing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step 300, the formula of the inverse scattering order interbed multiples is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
k＝2ω/c0is the vertical wave number, c0For background medium velocity, for pulsed waves, b1(k) D (ω) is seismic data, zj(j ═ 1,2) is the pseudo depth of the background medium velocity field imaging, z is the specified interbed multiple-producing horizon, [ -d1,d1]For producing the thickness of the horizon,. epsilon.1＞z2The same holds true strictly.
In addition, the invention also provides an interlayer multiple pressing method, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining an inter-layer multiple prediction result of a target area by using the inter-layer multiple prediction method;
and subtracting the target area interbed multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain a target area interbed multiple suppression result.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method for obtaining the interbed multiple suppression result of the target area by subtracting the interbed multiple prediction result of the target area from the preprocessed seismic data of the target area comprises the following steps:
and subtracting the target region interbed multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target region seismic data through a self-adaptive subtraction method to obtain a target region interbed multiple suppression result.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for improving the imaging quality of the seismic data, which comprises the following steps:
preprocessing the original seismic data of the target area, wherein the preprocessing comprises noise reduction processing;
the interlayer multiple suppression method is used for performing multiple suppression on the preprocessed seismic data so as to improve the imaging quality of the seismic data.
In addition, the present invention also provides a storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for discriminating the shale pore connectivity as described above.
In addition, the invention also provides computer equipment comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method for judging the shale pore connectivity
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention relates to the field of marine and land geophysical exploration, in particular to a prediction and suppression technology of interbed multiples in seismic data processing. In the marine and land seismic exploration, due to the existence of the underground strong reflection interface, seismic waves are reflected for multiple times between the strong reflection interfaces to form interbedded multiples, and the multiples and the primary waves are overlapped and interfered with each other, so that the resolution ratio of seismic data is reduced, the difficulty in identifying effective waves is increased, and the seismic imaging quality and the authenticity and reliability of seismic interpretation are influenced. Aiming at the difficult problem of suppressing the interbed multiples of a target area in seismic data, the invention improves the prediction and suppression method of the backscattering series interbed multiples by reducing the integral number and limiting the integral range so as to improve the calculation efficiency and suppress the interbed multiples of the target area. The method keeps the advantages of the original method, is driven by data, does not need manual intervention, does not need known underground information, and is suitable for complex terrain and geological conditions. The test processing result shows that the method can effectively suppress the interbed multiples of the target area in the seismic data, improve the data resolution and improve the imaging quality.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method of interlayer multiple compression processing according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of simulation data and single-channel simulation data according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a diagram of interlayer multiples for generating horizon 1 prediction and its single channel data according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(c) is a schematic diagram of interlayer multi-pass wave data generated by a pinned horizon 1 and its single-pass data according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(d) is a diagram of interlayer multiples for generating horizon 2 prediction and its single channel data according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(e) is a schematic diagram of interlayer multi-pass wave data generated by a pinned horizon 2 and its single-pass data according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a diagram of actual data and its specified horizon (dashed arrow beside the diagram) according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the interlayer multiple suppression effect generated by the specified horizon (at the dashed arrow in the figure) in the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The method principle of the present invention is described below.
The inverse scattering series interbed multiple prediction algorithm is proposed by Araujo and Weglein (1994)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
k＝2ω/c0is the vertical wave number, c0Background medium velocity. For pulsed waves, b1(k) D (ω) is seismic data. z is a radical ofj(j ═ 1,2,3) is the pseudo depth of the background medium velocity field imaging. The introduction of epsilon is to make the "Low-high-Low" constraint relation (z)1＞z2And z3＞z2) It holds true that in actual data processing its value is related to the length of the wavelet.
In the seismic data, if three primary waves satisfy the low-high-low constraint relation, a first-order interbed multiple is generated, if the first-order interbed multiple and two primary waves satisfy the low-high-low constraint relation, a second-order interbed multiple is formed, and similarly, the high-order interbed multiple can also be synthesized through the low-order interbed multiple. Since all signals including primary waves and interbed multiples are contained in the seismic data, all interbed multiples can be predicted by the method once. However, it is a very challenging task to eliminate or suppress all the interbed multiples, and since interbed multiples usually overlap with primary reflections and interfere with each other, further increasing the difficulty of interbed multiple suppression, it is a better strategy to eliminate or suppress only interbed multiples in the target zone by specifying the multiple generation zone. Meanwhile, the prediction and suppression method of the multiple between layers of the backscattering series is improved by reducing the integral number and limiting the integral range, so that the calculation efficiency and the suppression effect of the multiple between layers of the target area are improved.
Specifically, the improved inverse scattering series interlamination multiple prediction algorithm is as follows:
wherein z is a designated interbed multiple-producing horizon, [ -d1,d1]To produce the thickness of the horizon.
By improving the interlayer multiple prediction algorithm, the invention improves the multiple prediction efficiency; and the interlayer multiples of the target area are locked by the specified multiple generation layer position, and then the interlayer multiples are suppressed.
Example one
Based on the above thought, the present embodiment proposes an interlayer multiple prediction method. The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preprocessing seismic data, then carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed data to obtain pseudo depth domain data, then specifying a generating position and thickness of multi-wave between target regions, and substituting the generating position and thickness of the pseudo depth domain data and the multi-wave between the layers into an improved backscattering series inter-layer multi-wave formula to carry out inter-layer multi-wave prediction. The method maintains the advantages of the existing method, is driven by data, does not need to know underground structures, and is suitable for complex terrain and geological conditions.
Specifically, after the seismic data are preprocessed, the concrete implementation steps in the interlayer multiple prediction stage are as follows:
s100, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation position and thickness of multiple waves between target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and the thickness of the multiple waves among the target area into a backscattering series multiple wave formula to predict the multiple waves among the target area so as to obtain a multiple wave prediction result among the target area.
In the present embodiment, the preprocessing includes noise reduction processing.
In this embodiment, the formula of the inverse scattering order interbed multiples is an improved formula of the inverse scattering order interbed multiples:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
k＝2ω/c0is the vertical wave number, c0For background medium velocity, for pulsed waves, b1(k) D (ω) is seismic data, zj(j ═ 1,2) is the pseudo depth of the background medium velocity field imaging, z is the specified interbed multiple-producing horizon, [ -d1,d1]For producing the thickness of the horizon,. epsilon.1＞z2This is true.
Example two
Further, the present embodiment proposes an interlayer multiple pressing method. As shown in fig. 1:
firstly, preprocessing seismic data, then carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed data to obtain pseudo depth domain data, then specifying a generation position and thickness of multi-wave between target regions, substituting the generation position and thickness of the pseudo depth domain data and the multi-wave between the layers into an improved backscattering series-level multi-wave formula to carry out inter-layer multi-wave prediction, and then subtracting an inter-layer multi-wave prediction result from the original seismic data to obtain an inter-layer multi-wave suppression result. The method keeps the advantages of the existing method, is driven by data, does not need to know underground structures, is suitable for complex terrain and geological conditions, and can effectively improve the resolution of a data target area.
Specifically, after the seismic data are preprocessed, the concrete implementation steps in the interlayer multiple prediction stage are as follows:
s100, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation position and thickness of multiple waves between target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and the thickness of the multiple waves among the target area into a backscattering series multiple wave formula to predict the multiple waves among the target area so as to obtain a multiple wave prediction result among the target area.
And S400, subtracting the predicted interbed multiples from the original seismic data to obtain a result after interbed multiples are suppressed.
In this embodiment, the predicted interbed multiples are preferably subtracted from the original seismic data by adaptive subtraction to obtain interbed multiple suppressed results.
EXAMPLE III
In practical application, especially in marine and land seismic exploration, due to the existence of underground strong reflection interfaces, seismic waves are reflected for multiple times between the strong reflection interfaces to form interbedded multiples, and the multiples and the primaries are overlapped and interfered with each other, so that the resolution of seismic data is reduced, the difficulty in identifying effective waves is increased, and the seismic imaging quality and the authenticity and reliability of seismic interpretation are influenced. The invention provides a method for improving seismic data imaging quality based on the prediction compression method, aiming at the difficult problem of compression of interbed multiples of a target area in seismic data. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
s100, preprocessing original seismic data of a target area;
s200, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s300, determining the generation position and thickness of multiple waves between target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s400, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and the thickness of the multiple waves among the target area into a backscattering series multiple wave formula to predict the multiple waves among the target area so as to obtain a multiple wave prediction result among the target area.
And S500, subtracting the predicted interbed multiples from the original seismic data to obtain a result after interbed multiples are suppressed.
The method keeps the advantages of the original method, is driven by data, does not need manual intervention, does not need known underground information, and is suitable for complex terrain and geological conditions. The test processing result shows that the method can effectively suppress the interbed multiples of the target area in the seismic data, improve the data resolution and improve the imaging quality.
Example four
In addition, to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention also provide a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the inter-layer multiple prediction method.
EXAMPLE five
In addition, to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the inter-layer multiple prediction method.
EXAMPLE six
In addition, to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention also provide a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above method for suppressing multiple order between layers.
EXAMPLE seven
In addition, to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for interlayer multiple compression.
Example eight
In addition, to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention further provide a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the above steps of the method for improving the imaging quality of seismic data.
Example nine
In addition, to solve the above technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer device, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the above steps of the method for improving seismic data imaging quality.
Example ten
The effectiveness and advancement of the method provided by the present invention is verified by the processing of the simulated data and the actual seismic data as follows.
In this embodiment, the simulation data is generated from a simple layered model having three reflective interfaces. FIG. 2(a) is simulation data containing three primaries and first and second order interbed multiples generated at horizon (interface) 1 and horizon (interface) 2. The interlayer multiples predicted by the modified backscattering series method for the assigned multiple generation horizon 1 are shown in fig. 2 (b). Fig. 2(c) shows the interlayer multiple wave effect generated by the compressed layer 1. It can be seen that the improved method can predict and suppress multiple specific generation horizons, and is beneficial to the multiple suppression processing between target regions. Fig. 2(d) shows the inter-layer multiple wave predicted by the backscatter order method for generating horizon 2, and fig. 2(e) shows the inter-layer multiple wave effect generated by further suppressing horizon 2. It can be seen that the improved method can predict and suppress interbed multiples step by step for multiple-specific generation horizons. Therefore, the improved backscattering series method can predict and suppress the interbed multiples aiming at the target area through model data testing.
The improved method of inter-layer multiple prediction and suppression of backscattering orders is further validated with actual data. Fig. 3(a) is seismic data before suppression of an interbed multiple, in which an event of an interbed multiple formation is present at an arrow of 4.2s, the interbed multiple is generated by two strong reflection layers above, and a multiple generation layer is present at a blue arrow, and the interbed multiple is eliminated and the imaging quality of a target region is improved by predicting and suppressing the layer by using an improved backscattering series method. In a word, the effectiveness of the improved backscattering series method for predicting and suppressing the interbed multiples is verified through the processing of the model and actual data, the resolution and the imaging quality of a seismic data target area are improved, and the reliability of explanation is improved.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex judgment processing, complex analysis, high cost, long period and the like of the existing shale pore connectivity, adopts a technical idea completely different from the existing shale pore connectivity judgment, and provides a simple method capable of quickly and effectively judging the pore connectivity in shale, thereby meeting the field actual requirements of shale oil-gas exploration and development.
It should be noted that the method of the embodiment of the present invention may be executed by a single device, such as a computer or a server. The method of the embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scene and completed by the mutual cooperation of a plurality of devices. In the case of such a distributed scenario, one of the multiple devices may only perform one or more steps of the method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the multiple devices interact with each other to complete the method.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An interlayer multiple prediction method, comprising:
s100, carrying out background medium velocity migration on the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain pseudo depth domain data of the target area;
s200, determining the generation position and thickness of multiple waves between target areas according to the pseudo depth domain data of the target areas;
s300, substituting the pseudo depth domain data of the target area and the generation layer position and the thickness of the multiple waves among the target area into a backscattering series multiple wave prediction formula to perform multiple wave prediction among the target area so as to obtain a multiple wave prediction result among the target area.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preprocessing in step 100 comprises denoising.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 300, the formula of inverse scattering order interbed multiples is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
k＝2ω/c0is the vertical wave number, c0For background medium velocity, for pulsed waves, b1(k) D (ω) is seismic data, zj(j ═ 1,2) is the pseudo depth of the background medium velocity field imaging, z is the specified interbed multiple-producing horizon, [ -d1,d1]For producing the thickness of the horizon,. epsilon.1＞z2The same holds true strictly.
4. A method of interbed multiple suppression, comprising:
obtaining an inter-layer multiple prediction result of a target region by using the inter-layer multiple prediction method of any one of claims 1 to 3;
and subtracting the target area interbed multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target area seismic data to obtain a target area interbed multiple suppression result.
5. The interbed multiple suppression method of claim 4, wherein subtracting the interbed multiple prediction result of the target zone from the preprocessed target zone seismic data to obtain the interbed multiple suppression result of the target zone, comprises:
and subtracting the target region interbed multiple prediction result from the preprocessed target region seismic data through a self-adaptive subtraction method to obtain a target region interbed multiple suppression result.
6. A method for improving seismic data imaging quality comprises the following steps:
preprocessing the original seismic data of the target area, wherein the preprocessing comprises noise reduction processing;
the method for suppressing interbed multiples according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the preprocessed seismic data are subjected to multiple suppression so as to improve the imaging quality of the seismic data.
7. A storage medium in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of inter-layer multiple prediction according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method of inter-layer multiple prediction according to any of claims 1 to 3.
9. A storage medium in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of interlayer multiple compression according to claim 4 or 5.
10. A computer arrangement comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which, when executed by the processor, carries out the steps of the method of interlayer multiple compression as claimed in claim 4 or 5.
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