CN114109357B - Deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and gas invasion judgment method - Google Patents
Deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and gas invasion judgment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114109357B CN114109357B CN202111549646.1A CN202111549646A CN114109357B CN 114109357 B CN114109357 B CN 114109357B CN 202111549646 A CN202111549646 A CN 202111549646A CN 114109357 B CN114109357 B CN 114109357B
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- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep water gas intrusion simulation experiment device and a gas intrusion judging method, wherein the device comprises the following steps: a holding tank, an injection manifold; the injection manifold is provided with an injection flow detection part; a circulation pump; the upper end of the simulation drill rod is communicated with the injection manifold; the simulated water isolation pipe is sleeved outside the simulated drill rod, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill rod and the simulated water isolation pipe; the simulated shaft is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe, the upper end of the simulated shaft is connected with the lower end of the simulated riser in a sealing way, a second annular gap is formed between the simulated shaft and the simulated drill pipe, and at least one of the simulated riser and the simulated shaft can change the length along the axial direction; a flow detection assembly for detecting flow in the first annular gap, the second annular gap; and one end of the gas manifold is communicated with the lower end of the simulation drill rod, and the other end of the gas manifold is connected with a gas source and is provided with a switch valve and a gas flow detection piece. The invention can carry out deep water gas invasion simulation experiments with different water depths and can guide and identify gas invasion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ocean deepwater drilling, in particular to a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and a gas invasion judgment method.
Background
In order to increase the area of the exploration and development area of marine oil and gas, more oil and gas discovery is sought, and the exploration and development operation of the marine oil is gradually changed from the shallow offshore area to the deep offshore area. Deep sea drilling generally refers to drilling in which the water depth of offshore operations exceeds 900 meters. At present, a major problem faced by ocean deepwater drilling and completion operation is well control problem brought by deepwater. Compared with the land and shallow water operation, the deep water operation is slower in gas invasion condition discovery and higher in well control difficulty.
Gas flooding is a particularly troublesome problem in deep sea drilling processes. Timely gas intrusion monitoring can provide a large amount of safety time allowance for well control operation in deepwater sites, and save and even avoid a large amount of economic and personnel losses for sites. The current on-site gas invasion monitoring often cannot provide guarantee for well control operation, and the gas invasion monitoring is seriously delayed.
Because the gas has the characteristics of compression and expansion, after the gas invades the drilling fluid, the gas volume is small due to the influence of the pressure of an upper liquid column when the gas is at the bottom of the well; as the drilling fluid circulates upwards, the gas rising speed is higher and higher, the liquid column pressure borne by the gas is gradually reduced, and the gas volume is gradually expanded and increased; in particular, gas expansion increases rapidly as the gas approaches the ground. Thus, even if the drilling fluid returning to the surface is severely gas-invaded, many bubbles are formed, and the density is greatly reduced, the absolute value of the reduction in the drilling fluid column pressure is still small. For example, even if the surface gas-invaded drilling fluid density is only half that of the original drilling fluid density, the pressure of the drilling fluid column is not reduced by more than 0.4Mpa.
In the drilling process, if gas invasion cannot be effectively monitored and effective degassing measures are taken, the gas invasion drilling fluid is repeatedly pumped into the well, so that the degree of gas invasion of the drilling fluid is more serious, bottom hole pressure is continuously reduced, and the danger of overflow or blowout exists.
In summary, in order to ensure the safe development of deep water oil and gas fields, deep water oil and gas field gas invasion simulation experiments with different water depths are urgently needed to be developed, the flow mode in a shaft during deep water oil and gas field gas invasion is determined, and references are provided for the safety control of deep water well drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and a gas invasion judgment method, which can be used for carrying out deepwater gas invasion simulation experiments with different water depths, accurately identifying gas invasion, determining a flow mode in a shaft during deepwater oil-gas field gas invasion and providing reference for deepwater well drilling safety control.
The specific technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
A deep water gas intrusion simulation experiment device, comprising: a receiving tank for receiving drilling fluid; an injection manifold, one end of which extends into the holding tank; an injection flow detection piece is arranged in the injection manifold; the circulating pump is arranged in the injection manifold and used for pumping out the drilling fluid in the accommodating pool to provide power; the upper end of the simulation drill rod is communicated with the injection manifold; the simulated water isolation pipe is sleeved outside the simulated drill rod, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill rod and the simulated water isolation pipe; the simulated shaft is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe, the upper end of the simulated shaft is connected with the lower end of the simulated riser in a sealing way, a second annular gap is formed between the simulated shaft and the simulated drill pipe, and at least one of the simulated riser and the simulated shaft can change in length along the axial direction; flow detection assembly includes at least: a flow meter disposed proximate a lower end of the simulated riser and proximate a lower end of the simulated wellbore; the gas manifold, the one end of gas manifold with the lower extreme of simulation drilling rod is linked together, and the other end is connected with the air supply, gas manifold is provided with ooff valve and gas flow detection spare.
In a preferred embodiment, the simulated riser comprises a first simulated sub-riser and a second simulated sub-riser which are sleeved with each other, a first sealing element is arranged at an overlapping position of the first simulated sub-riser and the second simulated sub-riser along the axial direction, a first fixing element is arranged on the first sealing element, and the first simulated sub-riser and the second simulated sub-riser can relatively move along the axial direction.
In a preferred embodiment, the simulated wellbore comprises a first simulated sub-wellbore and a second simulated sub-wellbore which are sleeved with each other, a second sealing element is arranged at an overlapped position of the first simulated sub-wellbore and the second simulated sub-wellbore along the axial direction, a second fixing element is arranged on the second sealing element, and the first simulated sub-wellbore and the second simulated sub-wellbore can relatively move along the axial direction.
In a preferred embodiment, the wall of the simulated riser is corrugated to form a telescoping tube.
In a preferred embodiment, the simulated riser and the simulated wellbore are made of transparent materials, and the deep water invasion simulation experiment apparatus further comprises: and the image acquisition equipment is electrically connected with the controller.
In a preferred embodiment, the deep water intrusion simulation experiment device further comprises a return manifold, wherein an outlet is arranged at the position, close to the upper end, of the simulation marine riser, one end of the return manifold is connected to the outlet, and the other end of the return manifold is connected to the accommodating tank.
In a preferred embodiment, a gas-liquid separation device is also provided in the return manifold.
In a preferred embodiment, the flow detection assembly includes a first ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the lower end of the simulated riser, a second ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the upper end of the simulated riser, a third ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the flow rate of the injection manifold, a fourth ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the upper end of the simulated wellbore, and a fifth ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the lower end of the simulated wellbore, wherein the gas flow detection member is a sixth ultrasonic detection member disposed in the gas manifold.
A gas intrusion determination method of a deepwater gas intrusion simulation experiment device, the method comprising:
the well depth and the length of the marine riser are regulated, and a drilling fluid circulating pump is opened, so that the whole pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with drilling fluid;
After the circulation is stable, recording data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter, opening a switch valve, monitoring the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, releasing a L gas, and then closing the switch valve;
Monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter;
Judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to a preset value based on the flow of the ultrasonic flowmeter, judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to the preset value within a preset time period when the condition is met, and judging that gas invasion is happened at present and well shutting is needed if the judgment result is yes.
In a preferred embodiment, the total overflow quantity Q Y is determined by the following formula:
QY＝Av(1-Eg)△t-q0△t
Wherein A is annular cross-sectional area, m 2; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by a third ultrasonic flow meter, m/s; e g is the section air content,%; Δt is the time increment, s; q 0 is the flow of the pump; q Y is the increment of overflow in Δt time; ρ g is the gas density, g/cm 3;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm 3;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first, second, fourth and fifth ultrasonic flow meters, m/s; v g is the gas flow rate, m/s, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flow meter.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: and when the total overflow quantity is smaller than the preset value, a L is taken as the increasing released gas quantity, and the judgment process is repeated.
A gas intrusion determination method of a deepwater gas intrusion simulation experiment device, the method comprising:
the well depth and the length of the marine riser are regulated, and a drilling fluid circulating pump is opened, so that the whole pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with drilling fluid;
After the circulation is stable, recording data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter, opening a switch valve, monitoring the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, and filling gas at a preset speed;
Monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter;
Judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to a preset value based on the flow of the ultrasonic flowmeter, judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to the preset value within a preset time period when the condition is met, and judging that gas invasion is happened at present and well shutting is needed if the judgment result is yes.
In a preferred embodiment, the total overflow quantity Q Y is determined by the following formula:
QY＝Av(1-Eg)△t-q0△t
Wherein A is annular cross-sectional area, m 2; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by a third ultrasonic flow meter, m/s; e g is the section air content,%; Δt is the time increment, s; q 0 is the flow of the pump; q Y is the increment of overflow in Δt time; ρ g is the gas density, g/cm 3;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm 3;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first, second, fourth and fifth ultrasonic flow meters, m/s; v g is the gas flow rate, m/s, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flow meter.
The technical scheme of the application has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
The application provides a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device and a gas invasion judging method for deepwater oil-gas fields, wherein the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device can truly simulate deepwater gas invasion environments, can accurately identify gas invasion for deepwater gas invasion simulation experiments of different water depths, can determine the flow mode in a shaft during deepwater oil-gas field gas invasion, and provides references for deepwater well drilling safety control. The method not only has qualitative judgment for judging the gas invasion, but also provides an accurate quantitative judgment mode, and provides reliable pre-judgment basis for actual production.
Specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed in detail below with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not limited in scope thereby. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a deep water gas invasion simulation experiment device in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulated riser and simulated wellbore mating location provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of steps of a method for simulating and testing deep water gas invasion according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of cross-sectional void fraction versus time for different ultrasonic flow meters;
FIG. 5 is a graph of total overflow volume versus time;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of flow patterns as bubble flow;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a flow pattern as a bullet flow;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a flow pattern as slugging;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a flow pattern as an annular flow;
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a flow pattern of mist flow.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. A holding tank;
2. An injection manifold;
3. drilling fluid;
4. Simulating a water isolation pipe; 19. a first simulated sub-riser; 22. a second simulated sub-riser;
5. Simulating a drill rod;
6. Simulating a wellbore; 23. a first simulated sub-wellbore; 26. a second simulated sub-wellbore;
7. A switch valve;
8. A gas manifold;
9. A manual stage;
10. a gas source;
11. A first ultrasonic flow meter;
12. Returning to a manifold;
13. a second ultrasonic flow meter;
14. a third ultrasonic flow meter;
15. a circulation pump;
16. a fourth ultrasonic flow meter;
17. a fifth ultrasonic flow meter;
18. A sixth ultrasonic flow meter;
20. a first seal;
21. a first fixing member;
24. a second seal;
25. a second fixing member;
27. A third seal;
28. A gas-liquid separation device;
A. Bubble flow;
B. A bullet-like flow;
C. Slug flow;
D. an annular flow;
E. Mist flow.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present application and not for limiting the scope of the present application, and various modifications of equivalent forms of the present application will fall within the scope of the appended claims after reading the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The deep water gas invasion simulation experiment device and method provided by the invention can be used for carrying out deep water gas invasion simulation experiments with different water depths, accurately identifying gas invasion, determining the flow mode in a shaft during deep water oil and gas field gas invasion, and providing reference for deep water well drilling safety control.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a deep water gas intrusion simulation experiment device provided in an embodiment of the application may include: a receiving tank 1 for receiving a drilling fluid 3; an injection manifold 2, one end of which extends into the accommodation tank 1; an injection flow detection piece is arranged in the injection manifold 2; a circulation pump 15, disposed in the injection manifold 2, for pumping out the drilling fluid 3 in the receiving tank 1 to provide power; the upper end of the simulation drill rod 5 is communicated with the injection manifold 2; the simulation water isolation pipe 4 is sleeved outside the simulation drill rod 5, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulation drill rod 5 and the simulation water isolation pipe 4; the simulated well bore 6 is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe 5, the upper end of the simulated well bore 6 is in sealing connection with the lower end of the simulated riser 4, a second annular gap is formed between the simulated well bore 6 and the simulated drill pipe 5, and at least one of the simulated riser 4 and the simulated well bore 6 can change in length along the axial direction; the flow detection assembly comprises a plurality of flow meters, wherein the flow meters are at least respectively arranged near the lower end of the simulated riser 4 and near the lower end of the simulated wellbore 6; and one end of the gas manifold 8 is communicated with the lower end of the simulation drill rod 5, the other end of the gas manifold is connected with a gas source 10, and the gas manifold 8 is provided with an on-off valve 7 and a gas flow detection piece.
In general, the deep water intrusion simulation experiment device provided in the specification of the present application may include: a containment tank 1, an injection manifold 2, a pump, a simulated drill pipe 5, a simulated riser 4, a simulated wellbore 6, a flow detection assembly, a gas manifold 8, and the like. In addition, the deepwater gas-invasion simulation experiment apparatus may further include a manual stage 9, and the simulation string, for example, the simulation riser 4 may be installed on the manual stage 9.
In this embodiment, the holding tank 1 is used to hold drilling fluid 3, which may be a hollow container. Specifically, the accommodating tank 1 may be an accommodating groove with an open upper end, and of course, the accommodating tank 1 may be of other configurations, and the present application is not limited thereto.
In this embodiment, one end of the injection manifold 2 extends into the receiving tank 1, and the other end is in communication with the analogue drill rod 5. The injection manifold 2 is provided with an injection flow rate detecting member for acquiring the flow rate in the injection manifold 2.
In this embodiment, the circulation pump 15 is disposed in the injection manifold 2 and may be used to pump the drilling fluid 3 in the receiving tank 1 to power the pump. In addition, when the drilling fluid 3 is returned to the drill receiving tank 1 through the return manifold 12, the drilling fluid 3 forms a circulation flow path, and the circulation pump 15 is used to provide driving force for the drilling fluid 3 in the circulation flow path.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the simulated drill pipe 5 is in communication with the injection manifold 2; the lower end of the simulated drill pipe 5 extends into the simulated riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6.
In this embodiment, the simulated riser 4 is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe 5, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill pipe 5 and the simulated riser 4.
The simulated risers 4 can vary in length along the axial direction, simulating different water depths. Specifically, the wall of the simulated marine riser 4 is corrugated, so as to form a telescopic pipe.
Or as shown in fig. 2, the simulated riser 4 may include a first simulated sub-riser 19 and a second simulated sub-riser 22 that are sleeved with each other, a first sealing member 20 is disposed at an overlapping position of the first simulated sub-riser 19 and the second simulated sub-riser 22 along an axial direction, a first fixing member 21 is disposed on the first sealing member 20, and the first simulated sub-riser 19 and the second simulated sub-riser 22 can relatively move along the axial direction.
Wherein the first analog sub-riser 19 may be located at an upper portion of the second analog sub-riser 22 in a height direction. For example, the first simulated sub-riser 19 may be in a fixed installation state and the second simulated sub-riser 22 may be moved axially relative to the first simulated sub-riser 19 while changing the length of the simulated riser 4. In particular, the first analogue sub-riser 19 may be in the form of a fixedly mounted glass sleeve. The second simulated sub-riser 22 may be in the form of a removable glass sleeve.
The first seal 20 may be a sealing rubber ring for sealing an annular gap between the first simulated sub-riser 19 and the second simulated sub-riser 22. Specifically, the first seal 20 may be disposed at the lower end of the first dummy sub-riser 19 by a stopper.
The first fixing member 21 may be in the form of a fixing valve for fixing the second analogue sub-riser 22, the first sealing member 20 to said first analogue sub-riser 19. Of course, the form of the first fixing member 21 is not limited to the above example, and is mainly exemplified as a fixed valve in the present specification. During adjustment, the fixed valve can be opened first, the second analog sub-riser 22 can axially move relative to the first analog sub-riser 19, and after moving in place, the fixed valve is closed, so that the second analog sub-riser 22, the first sealing element 20 and the first analog sub-riser 19 are fixed. The first sealing member 20 may be fixed at a position near the lower end of the first simulated sub-riser 19, and the first fixing member 21 may also be installed at a position near the lower end of the first simulated sub-riser 19, so as to facilitate efficient use of the axial length of the entire first simulated sub-riser 19, and further adjust different simulated water depths according to the length requirement.
In this embodiment, the simulated wellbore 6 is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe 5, the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6 is connected with the lower end of the simulated riser 4 in a sealing manner, and a second annular gap is formed between the simulated wellbore 6 and the simulated drill pipe 5.
The simulated wellbore 6 can vary in length along the axial direction. Specifically, the wall of the simulated wellbore 6 may also be corrugated to form a telescopic tube.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the simulated wellbore 6 may include a first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and a second simulated sub-wellbore 26 that are sleeved together, where a second seal 24 is disposed at an overlapping position of the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 along an axial direction, and a second fixing member 25 is disposed on the second seal 24, where the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 can relatively move along the axial direction.
Wherein the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 may be located in an upper portion of the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 in a height direction. For example, the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 may be in a fixed-installation state, and the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 may be axially displaced relative to the first simulated sub-wellbore 23, possibly with a change in the length of the simulated wellbore 6. In particular, the second simulated sub-wellbore 26 may be in the form of a fixedly mounted glass casing. The first simulated sub-wellbore 23 may be in the form of a glass casing that may have been installed from the installation.
The second seal 24 may be a sealing rubber ring for sealing an annular gap between the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 and the second simulated sub-wellbore 26. In particular, the second seal 24 may be disposed at a lower end of the first simulated sub-wellbore 23 by a stopper.
The second fixture 25 may be in the form of a fixed valve for securing the second simulated sub wellbore 26, the first seal 20, to said first simulated sub wellbore 23. Of course, the form of the second fixing member 25 is not limited to the above-described example, and is mainly exemplified as a fixed valve in the present specification. During adjustment, the fixed valve can be opened first, the first simulated sub-well bore 23 can move axially relative to the second simulated sub-well bore 26, and after moving in place, the fixed valve is closed, so that the second simulated sub-well bore 26, the second sealing element 24 and the first simulated sub-well bore 23 are fixed. The second sealing element 24 may be fixed near the upper end of the second simulated sub-well bore 26, and the second fixing element 25 may also be installed near the upper end of the second simulated sub-well bore 26, so as to facilitate efficient use of the axial length of the entire second simulated sub-well bore 26, and further adjust the simulated well depths according to the length requirements.
A third seal 27 may also be provided between the second simulated sub-riser 22 and the first simulated sub-wellbore 23, the third seal 27 being used to effect a seal between the simulated riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6. Specifically, the third sealing member 27 may be in the form of a rubber stopper, however, the third sealing member 27 may be in other forms, and the present application is not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, to facilitate visual observation of the gas invasion conditions in the simulated riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6, the simulated riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6 may be made of transparent materials.
Further, the deep water intrusion simulation experiment device may further include: and the controller is electrically connected with the image acquisition equipment. The image acquisition device can take images of the flow conditions in the simulated riser 4 and the simulated wellbore 6 and transmit the taken data to a controller, which analyzes the taken pattern.
In this embodiment, the flow rate detection assembly may include: a plurality of flow meters disposed at predetermined positions. The flow meter may be in the form of an ultrasonic flow meter, but the flow meter may be in other forms, and the application is not particularly limited herein. In this specification, the flow meter is mainly exemplified by an ultrasonic flow meter.
Specifically, the flow detection assembly may include: a first ultrasonic flowmeter 11 disposed near the lower end of the simulated riser 4, and a second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 disposed near the upper end of the simulated riser 4; the injection flow rate detecting member provided in the injection manifold 2 is a third ultrasonic flowmeter 14; a fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16 disposed near the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6, and a fifth ultrasonic flow meter 17 disposed near the lower end of the simulated wellbore 6.
The fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17 is used for acquiring the flow condition of the simulated well bottom so as to acquire the earliest gas invasion condition. The first ultrasonic flowmeter 11 is disposed near the lower end of the simulated riser 4, i.e., at the position where the first annular gap and the second annular gap transition, for obtaining the flow condition at the variable cross section.
In addition, the flow detection assembly further comprises: a second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 disposed near the upper end of the dummy riser 4; a fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16 is disposed near the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6. The second ultrasonic flowmeter 13 is configured to detect a flow rate at the top of the simulated riser 4, so as to obtain a flow rate returned out of the simulated riser 4. The fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16 is used to obtain the flow rate before entering the position where the first annular gap and the second annular gap transition.
In this embodiment, one end of the gas manifold 8 is connected to the lower end of the simulation drill pipe 5, and the other end is connected to a gas source 10. The gas manifold 8 is provided with an on-off valve 7 and a gas flow rate detecting member. The switch valve 7 is used for controlling the on-off of the gas manifold 8. The gas flow detecting element is used for acquiring the flow rate of the gas, and the gas flow detecting element can also be used for the flow rate of the gas when the cross section of the gas manifold 8 is constant. Specifically, the gas flow rate detecting member may also be in the form of an ultrasonic flow meter, although the gas flow rate detecting member may also be in other forms. In the present specification, this gas flow rate detecting member is exemplified by a sixth ultrasonic flow meter 18.
Further, a gas flow rate adjusting device for controlling the flow rate of the gas may be further provided in the gas manifold 8. Specifically, the gas flow rate adjustment device may be in the form of a valve having a flow rate adjustment function, for example, an opening-adjustable adjustment valve or the like.
In one embodiment, the deep water intrusion simulation experiment device may further include a return pipe sink 12, an outlet is provided at the simulated riser 4 near the upper end, one end of the return pipe sink 12 is connected to the outlet, and the other end is connected to the holding tank 1.
In this embodiment, after the return manifold 12 is disposed, a circulation system may be formed from the holding tank 1, the injection manifold 2, the simulation drill pipe 5, the simulation wellbore 6, the simulation riser 4, and the return manifold 12, so as to facilitate the simulation experiment by recycling the drilling fluid 3 in the holding tank 1.
The return manifold 12 may also be provided with a gas-liquid separator 28 for separating the gas from the returning drilling fluid 3. Specifically, the gas-liquid separation device 28 may be disposed above the receiving tank 1, and when the drilling fluid 3 with entrained gas flows through the gas-liquid separation device 28, the gas-liquid separation device 28 may discharge the gas in the drilling fluid 3 to the outside and return the liquid to the receiving tank 1.
In a specific embodiment, the flow detection assembly includes a first ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the lower end of the simulated riser 4, a second ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the upper end of the simulated riser 4, a third ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the flow rate of the injection manifold 2, a fourth ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the upper end of the simulated wellbore 6, and a fifth ultrasonic detection member for monitoring the lower end of the simulated wellbore 6, and the gas flow detection member is a sixth ultrasonic detection member disposed in the gas manifold 8.
In the present embodiment, a total of 6 ultrasonic flow meters are designed in the whole set of experimental apparatus for monitoring, and the following actions are provided for the 6 ultrasonic waves placed at the following positions:
The first ultrasonic flowmeter 11 is placed at the bottom of the riser as shown in fig. 1, and when gas enters the riser from the well bore, the section of the column is suddenly increased and the flow rate is suddenly decreased, so that the first flowmeter is placed to monitor the flow rate at the bottom end of the riser, i.e., the upper part of the variable section.
The second ultrasonic flow meter 13, the gas rises gradually in the riser, and as the water pressure decreases gradually, the bubbles will become larger and thus be placed on top of the monitoring riser for monitoring.
And a third ultrasonic flowmeter 14, which is arranged on the pipeline pumped into the drill pipe, and monitors the flow in the drill pipe. Because of the hydraulic pressure in the drill pipe that does not stop pumping drilling fluid 3, the filling of the wellbore with gas will not affect the flow rate in the drill pipe.
The fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16, after filling the gas in the bottom of the well bore, the gas will gradually increase in the well bore, because it will suddenly change in the variable cross section of the bottom of the well bore and the riser, so the arrangement of the flowmeter at the bottom of the well bore and the top of the riser has an important role in contrast to the arrangement of the flowmeter, so the flowmeter is arranged to monitor the flow rate at the top of the well bore, i.e. the lower part of the variable cross section.
The fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17, where the gas just fills the well bore, has no obvious change, knows the initial state of gas invasion, and makes clear contrast for the situation of different depths in the later stage, so the flowmeter is placed at the bottom of the well bore, i.e. the drill bit, for monitoring.
And sixth ultrasonic flow, monitoring the flow of gas filled in the shaft.
Referring to fig. 3, based on the deep water gas intrusion simulation experiment device provided in the above embodiment, the present application further provides a gas intrusion determination method, which may include the following steps:
Firstly, well depth and length of a water isolation pipe can be adjusted, a drilling fluid 3 circulating pump 15 is opened, and the whole pipeline and a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with the drilling fluid 3;
After the entire pipeline and deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with drilling fluid 3, gas can be filled at a constant volume or at a constant speed.
In this specification, a description will be given by taking a constant volume of gas as an example.
Step 10: the well depth and the length of the water isolation pipe are regulated, a drilling fluid 3 circulating pump 15 is opened, and the whole pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with the drilling fluid 3;
Step 12: after the circulation is stable, recording data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter 14, opening the switch valve 7, monitoring the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter 18, releasing a L gas, and then closing the switch valve 7;
Step 14: monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flow meter 11, the second ultrasonic flow meter 13, the fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16, and the fifth ultrasonic flow meter 17;
Step 16: judging whether the total overflow quantity Q Y is larger than or equal to a preset value (for example, 10%) based on the flow of the ultrasonic flowmeter, judging whether the total overflow quantity Q Y is larger than or equal to the preset value within a preset time period (for example, 1 minute) when the condition is met, and judging that serious gas invasion is occurred at present and well shutting is needed if the judgment result is yes.
Step 17: the cycle was continued by the circulation pump 15, and the released gas was increased at an increasing rate of a L, and the above experimental procedure was repeated.
In the embodiment, before an experiment, the well depth and the length of a water isolation pipe are adjusted, a drilling fluid 3 circulating pump 15 is opened, and the whole pipeline and a glass sleeve simulation device are filled with the drilling fluid 3; after the circulation is stable, the data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter 14 is recorded, the on-off valve 7 is opened, the flowmeter is watched, a L of gas is released, and then the on-off valve 7 is closed. The data of the first ultrasonic flowmeter 11, the second ultrasonic flowmeter 13, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter 16 and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter 17 are observed and recorded, and the flow form in the glass sleeve in the deep water gas invasion simulation experiment device is photographed and recorded.
In performing step 14, the method may further include: monitoring the flow form in the deepwater gas intrusion simulation experiment device; the flow regime is that in which both vapor and liquid phases are present in the vapor-liquid two-phase flow.
According to the physical shape of the flow regime, it is divided into: bubble flow a, bullet flow B, slug flow C, annular flow D, and mist flow E. The extent of gas intrusion can be determined by observing the flow pattern of the vertical tube flow as it occurs. Wherein the components are coupled to each other,
As shown in fig. 6, bubble flow a: the continuous liquid phase contains a flow of dispersed bubbles. Often in low quality vapor content regions.
As shown in fig. 7, bullet flow B: the small bubbles polymerize into a large bubble flow in the shape of a bullet with dimensions close to the diameter of the channel, also called plug flow or block flow. Is an unstable transition flow pattern, and is often found in the region of medium quality steam content.
As shown in fig. 8, slug flow C: refers to a gas-liquid two-phase flow state in which a section of gas column and a section of liquid column alternately appear in the pipeline.
As shown in fig. 9, the annular flow D: the liquid phase flow is a continuous flow of annular film along the channel wall, while the continuous vapor phase flows in the central part of the pipeline, and bubbles are dispersed in the liquid ring, and liquid drops are entrained in the vapor phase. Often in the higher quality vapor fraction region.
As shown in fig. 10, mist flow E: a flow pattern of a two-phase flow consisting of a gas and a liquid. When the gas velocity in the two-phase flow reaches a certain value, an annular flow D can be formed, at this time, most of the liquid moves in a film shape along the pipe wall, the gas velocity is increased on the basis of the annular flow D, and the gas flows in the pipe at a high velocity, so that almost all the liquid is atomized, and the situation is called as mist flow E.
Continuously circulating, and starting a second experiment after the gas is completely exhausted, and releasing 2aL of gas; then 3aL of gas was released for the experiment. The gas charge can be controlled to maintain a constant velocity, and experiments can be performed in the same steps.
The fluctuation of gas in the shaft is larger when gas is injected, and the fluctuation in the upper marine riser simulation device is smaller. When gas injection is stopped, gas in the shaft diffuses to the marine riser simulation device, and the shaft is stable. It can be seen that the rate of change of the same gas in the riser simulator is lower than in the wellbore simulator because in a variable cross-section variation, the fluctuations are reduced due to the increased cross-sectional area of the riser simulator.
The application provides a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment method corresponding to a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device, which enhances the knowledge of gas invasion occurrence by judging the flow state of drilling fluid 3 when the gas invasion occurs, so as to reveal the change rules of relevant process parameters of deepwater drilling well bottom gas invasion of different water depths, thereby realizing timely and advanced prediction of deepwater drilling site gas invasion phenomenon and providing safe time allowance for deepwater well control operation.
From the quantitative aspect, the degree of gas invasion can be judged, the degree of gas invasion at the bottom of a well can be reversely calculated according to the gas invasion monitoring data and the deep water drilling well shaft ring air-liquid two-phase flow model, and the gas distribution in the well shaft ring at any moment after the gas invasion occurs, namely, the total overflow quantity Q Y in different well depths is as follows:
QY＝AV(1-EG)△T-Q0△T
Wherein A is annular cross-sectional area, m 2; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by a third ultrasonic flow meter, m/s; e g is the section air content,%; Δt is the time increment, s; q 0 is the flow of the pump; q Y is the increment of overflow in Δt time; ρ g is the gas density, g/cm 3;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm 3;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first, second, fourth and fifth ultrasonic flow meters, m/s; v g is the gas flow rate, m/s, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flow meter.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the data measured when the gas-intrusion experiment was performed by using the experimental apparatus. FIG. 4 is a plot of cross-sectional gas fraction versus time for different flow meters; time on the abscissa, S (seconds); the ordinate is the section void fraction,%.
FIG. 5 shows the total volume of reaction overflow as a function of time, on the abscissa, in S (seconds); the ordinate is the total overflow volume in cubic meters.
During the experiment, 0S starts to inject air into the experimental device, and air invasion simulation is performed. At 240S, the gas injection is stopped.
In another embodiment, after filling the drilling fluid 3 with the gas invasion simulation experiment in the whole pipeline and deep water, the gas may be filled at a constant rate. When the gas is filled at a constant velocity, the gas intrusion determination method may include:
Step 10: the well depth and the length of the water isolation pipe are regulated, a drilling fluid 3 circulating pump 15 is opened, and the whole pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with the drilling fluid 3;
Step 11: after the circulation is stable, recording data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter 14, opening the switch valve 7, monitoring the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter 18, and filling gas at a preset speed;
Step 14: monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flow meter 11, the second ultrasonic flow meter 13, the fourth ultrasonic flow meter 16, and the fifth ultrasonic flow meter 17;
step 15: judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to a preset value based on the flow of the ultrasonic flowmeter, judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to the preset value within a preset time period when the condition is met, and judging that gas invasion is happened at present and well shutting is needed if the judgment result is yes.
Wherein the total overflow quantity Q Y is determined by the following formula:
QY＝AV(1-EG)△T-Q0△T
/>
Wherein A is annular cross-sectional area, m 2; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by a third ultrasonic flow meter, m/s; e g is the section air content,%; Δt is the time increment, s; q 0 is the flow of the pump; q Y is the increment of overflow in Δt time; ρ g is the gas density, g/cm 3;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm 3;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first, second, fourth and fifth ultrasonic flow meters, m/s; v g is the gas flow rate, m/s, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flow meter.
Early overflow monitoring plays a vital role in preventing serious accidents of out-of-control blowout in the petroleum development and drilling process. And in the deepwater drilling operation process, gas invasion monitoring is carried out on the premise of not damaging the mechanical structure of the drilling riser. Monitoring is usually performed near the top of a platform mud pit, namely a marine riser, and along with development of technology, monitoring near a mud line, namely the bottom of the marine riser is proposed to describe the degree of gas invasion and judge whether gas invasion occurs or not.
At present, whether mud pit monitoring or mud line monitoring is carried out for a period of time, the situation that the bottom of the well actually happens is difficult to judge, so that an experimental device is needed urgently, and the time and the degree of the occurrence of the gas invasion are judged by judging the actual situation of the bottom of the well stratum reversely pushed by the gas invasion situation of the riser and the mud pit. Because the gas invasion change rules of different well depths and water depths are different, an experimental device with adjustable water depths and well depths is designed to carry out related experiments.
Any numerical value recited herein includes all values of the lower and upper values that increment by one unit from the lower value to the upper value, as long as there is a spacing of at least two units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if it is stated that the number of components or the value of a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, more preferably from 30 to 70, then the purpose is to explicitly list such values as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32, etc. in this specification as well. For values less than 1, one unit is suitably considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are merely examples that are intended to be explicitly recited in this description, and all possible combinations of values recited between the lowest value and the highest value are believed to be explicitly stated in the description in a similar manner.
Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include endpoints and all numbers between endpoints. "about" or "approximately" as used with a range is applicable to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30," including at least the indicated endpoints.
All articles and references, including patent applications and publications, disclosed herein are incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not substantially affect the essential novel features of the combination. The use of the terms "comprises" or "comprising" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments consisting essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended that any attribute described as "may" be included is optional.
Multiple elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, component, section or step is not intended to exclude other elements, components, sections or steps.
The foregoing embodiments in the present specification are all described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts of the embodiments are mutually referred to, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different manner from other embodiments.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention is merely illustrative, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any person skilled in the art can make any modification and variation in form and detail of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is still subject to the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The gas invasion judging method of the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device is characterized in that the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device comprises the following steps: a receiving tank for receiving drilling fluid; an injection manifold, one end of which extends into the holding tank; an injection flow detection piece is arranged in the injection manifold; the circulating pump is arranged in the injection manifold and used for pumping out the drilling fluid in the accommodating pool to provide power; the upper end of the simulation drill rod is communicated with the injection manifold; the simulated water isolation pipe is sleeved outside the simulated drill rod, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill rod and the simulated water isolation pipe; the simulated shaft is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe, the upper end of the simulated shaft is connected with the lower end of the simulated riser in a sealing way, a second annular gap is formed between the simulated shaft and the simulated drill pipe, and at least one of the simulated riser and the simulated shaft can change in length along the axial direction; flow detection assembly includes at least: a flow meter disposed proximate a lower end of the simulated riser and proximate a lower end of the simulated wellbore; one end of the gas manifold is communicated with the lower end of the simulation drill rod, the other end of the gas manifold is connected with a gas source, and the gas manifold is provided with a switch valve and a gas flow detection piece; the flow detection assembly comprises a first ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the lower end of the simulated riser, a second ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the upper end of the simulated riser, a third ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the flow rate of the injection manifold, a fourth ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the upper end of the simulated well bore and a fifth ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the lower end of the simulated well bore, wherein the gas flow detection part is a sixth ultrasonic detection part arranged in the gas manifold; the method comprises the following steps:
the well depth and the length of the marine riser are regulated, and a drilling fluid circulating pump is opened, so that the whole pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with drilling fluid;
After the circulation is stable, recording data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter, opening a switch valve, monitoring the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, releasing a L gas, and then closing the switch valve;
Monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter; monitoring the flow form in the deepwater gas intrusion simulation experiment device; the flow pattern is the pattern of the vapor phase and the liquid phase in the vapor-liquid two-phase flow; the flow pattern comprises: bubble flow, bullet flow, slug flow, annular flow and mist flow, and the degree of gas intrusion can be qualitatively judged based on the flow form;
Judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to a preset value based on the flow of the ultrasonic flowmeter, judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to the preset value within a preset time period when the condition is met, and judging that gas invasion is generated at present and well closing is needed if the judgment result is yes;
when the total overflow amount is smaller than a preset value, a L is taken as the increasing released gas amount, and the judgment process is repeated;
The gas invasion degree can be calculated reversely according to the gas invasion monitoring data and the deep water drilling shaft loop air-liquid two-phase flow model, the gas distribution in the shaft loop at any moment after gas invasion occurs is calculated, and the total overflow quantity QY of different well depths is as follows:
QY＝Av(1-Eg)Δt-q0Δt
Wherein A is annular cross-sectional area, m 2; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by a third ultrasonic flow meter, m/s; e g is the section air content,%; Δt is the time increment, s; q 0 is the flow of the pump; q Y is the increment of overflow in Δt time; ρ g is the gas density, g/cm 3;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm 3;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first, second, fourth and fifth ultrasonic flow meters, m/s; v g is the gas flow rate, m/s, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flow meter.
2. The method for judging the gas invasion of the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the simulation marine riser comprises a first simulation marine riser and a second simulation marine riser which are sleeved with each other, a first sealing element is arranged at an overlapping position of the first simulation marine riser and the second simulation marine riser along the axial direction, a first fixing element is arranged on the first sealing element, and the first simulation marine riser and the second simulation marine riser can relatively move along the axial direction.
3. The method for determining the gas invasion of the deepwater gas invasion experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the simulated well bore comprises a first simulated sub well bore and a second simulated sub well bore which are sleeved with each other, a second sealing element is arranged at an overlapped position of the first simulated sub well bore and the second simulated sub well bore along the axial direction, a second fixing element is arranged on the second sealing element, and the first simulated sub well bore and the second simulated sub well bore can relatively move along the axial direction.
4. The method for determining the gas invasion of a deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the wall of the simulated marine riser is corrugated to form a telescopic pipe.
5. The method for determining the gas invasion of a deep water gas invasion simulation experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the simulated riser and the simulated well bore are made of transparent materials, and the deep water gas invasion simulation experiment apparatus further comprises: and the image acquisition equipment is electrically connected with the controller.
6. The gas invasion judging method of the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device according to claim 1, further comprising a return manifold, wherein an outlet is arranged near the upper end of the simulation riser, one end of the return manifold is connected to the outlet, and the other end is connected to the accommodating tank; and a gas-liquid separation device is also arranged in the return manifold.
7. The gas invasion judging method of the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device is characterized in that the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment device comprises the following steps: a receiving tank for receiving drilling fluid; an injection manifold, one end of which extends into the holding tank; an injection flow detection piece is arranged in the injection manifold; the circulating pump is arranged in the injection manifold and used for pumping out the drilling fluid in the accommodating pool to provide power; the upper end of the simulation drill rod is communicated with the injection manifold; the simulated water isolation pipe is sleeved outside the simulated drill rod, and a first annular gap is formed between the simulated drill rod and the simulated water isolation pipe; the simulated shaft is sleeved outside the simulated drill pipe, the upper end of the simulated shaft is connected with the lower end of the simulated riser in a sealing way, a second annular gap is formed between the simulated shaft and the simulated drill pipe, and at least one of the simulated riser and the simulated shaft can change in length along the axial direction; flow detection assembly includes at least: a flow meter disposed proximate a lower end of the simulated riser and proximate a lower end of the simulated wellbore; one end of the gas manifold is communicated with the lower end of the simulation drill rod, the other end of the gas manifold is connected with a gas source, and the gas manifold is provided with a switch valve and a gas flow detection piece; the flow detection assembly comprises a first ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the lower end of the simulated riser, a second ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the upper end of the simulated riser, a third ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the flow rate of the injection manifold, a fourth ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the upper end of the simulated well bore and a fifth ultrasonic detection part for monitoring the lower end of the simulated well bore, wherein the gas flow detection part is a sixth ultrasonic detection part arranged in the gas manifold; the method comprises the following steps:
the well depth and the length of the marine riser are regulated, and a drilling fluid circulating pump is opened, so that the whole pipeline and the deepwater gas invasion simulation experiment are filled with drilling fluid;
After the circulation is stable, recording data of the third ultrasonic flowmeter, opening a switch valve, monitoring the sixth ultrasonic flowmeter, and filling gas at a preset speed;
Monitoring data of the first ultrasonic flowmeter, the second ultrasonic flowmeter, the fourth ultrasonic flowmeter and the fifth ultrasonic flowmeter; monitoring the flow form in the deepwater gas intrusion simulation experiment device; the flow pattern is the pattern of the vapor phase and the liquid phase in the vapor-liquid two-phase flow; the flow pattern comprises: bubble flow, bullet flow, slug flow, annular flow and mist flow, and the degree of gas intrusion can be qualitatively judged based on the flow form;
Judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to a preset value based on the flow of the ultrasonic flowmeter, judging whether the total overflow amount is larger than or equal to the preset value within a preset time period when the condition is met, and judging that gas invasion is generated at present and well closing is needed if the judgment result is yes;
The gas invasion degree can be calculated reversely according to the gas invasion monitoring data and the deep water drilling shaft loop air-liquid two-phase flow model, the gas distribution in the shaft loop at any moment after gas invasion occurs is calculated, and the total overflow quantity QY of different well depths is as follows:
QY＝Av(1-Eg)△t-q0△t
Wherein A is annular cross-sectional area, m 2; v is the flow velocity measured by the pipe flow, measured by a third ultrasonic flow meter, m/s; e g is the section air content,%; Δt is the time increment, s; q 0 is the flow of the pump; q Y is the increment of overflow in Δt time; ρ g is the gas density, g/cm 3;ρl is the liquid density, g/cm 3;vl is the fluid flow rate, measured by the first, second, fourth and fifth ultrasonic flow meters, m/s; v g is the gas flow rate, m/s, measured by the sixth ultrasonic flow meter.
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| 徐朝阳.井筒多相流瞬态流动数值算法及响应特征研究.中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑（月刊）.2015,(第3期),第93-132页. * |
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| 气井钻井溢流早期监测技术;冯光通;广西大学学报(自然科学版);第41卷(第01期);第297-299页 * |
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