CN114108123B - Moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114108123B CN114108123B CN202010877689.1A CN202010877689A CN114108123B CN 114108123 B CN114108123 B CN 114108123B CN 202010877689 A CN202010877689 A CN 202010877689A CN 114108123 B CN114108123 B CN 114108123B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/82—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from polyester amides or polyether amides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polyester staple fiber comprises the following raw material components: the breaking strength of the polyester staple fiber is 2.0-3.5cN/dt, and the breaking elongation of the moisture absorption sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber is lower than 20 percent. The preparation method adopts high-temperature melting and ultralow-temperature spinning technology, reasonably utilizes the influence of a polyester melt fracture principle on the fiber performance, carries out high-temperature melting in a feeding section, a preheating section and a melting section of a screw, and reduces the temperature of the melting to 5-30 ℃ above the melting point of the slice in a mixing and metering section of the screw, wherein the melting temperature is 30-40 ℃ higher than the melting point of the hydrophilic modified polyester slice. The breaking strength of the moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber is 2.0-3.5cN/dt, and the breaking elongation of the fiber is lower than 20%. The anti-pilling performance of the fabric prepared by the invention is 1-1.5 grade higher than that of the conventional moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to polyester staple fiber and a preparation method thereof, in particular to moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The pilling phenomenon of clothes mostly occurs in wool, terylene/cotton blending and terylene/viscose blending fabrics, especially the pilling phenomenon of terylene pure spinning or terylene/cotton and terylene/viscose blending fabrics is serious in the using process, and the aesthetic feeling and the service performance of the appearance are affected. It has been found that whether the fabric is easy to pill or not has a close relation with the fiber properties, for example, cotton and wool fabrics are not easy to pill because the breaking strength and the breaking elongation of cotton and wool fibers are low, and the breaking strength is low and is usually 1.5-3.0cN/dt; the elongation at break is lower, is 4.0-20%, and is more below 10%; while the surface is grooved. The polyester fabric is easy to fuzzing and pilling due to the fact that the polyester fiber surface is smooth, the cohesion force among the fibers is small, the strength of the fibers is high, the elongation capability is high, particularly fatigue resistance (including bending fatigue resistance and torsion fatigue resistance) and wear resistance are good, if the industrial index of the conventional cotton type polyester staple fiber is that the breaking strength is higher than 5.2cN/dt and the elongation is 20-35%, the polyester staple fiber is easy to expose on the fabric surface in the taking process, and the fuzzing is called as 'fuzzing', the fuzzing is entangled with each other in the continuous wearing process, and fiber spherical particles are formed, namely 'pilling', and due to the fact that the polyester fiber is large in elongation, the stress degree is smaller than that of natural cotton and wool fibers under the same stretching condition, and meanwhile, the strength is high, the flexibility is good, and breakage is difficult to occur under external force friction, so that the spherical fiber particles cannot break and fall off in time, and more.
Solves the problem that polyester staple fibers are easy to fuzzing and pilling, and a common method adopted in the industry is to reduce the strength of the polyester fibers. The simplest method for reducing the strength of the polyester fiber is to adopt low-viscosity slices, for example, japanese patent suggests that the intrinsic viscosity of the anti-pilling polyester slices is controlled to be about 0.365dl/g, and more patents and researches mention that the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester slices is lower than 0.55dl/g. The polyester chips have low intrinsic viscosity, so that the component pressure is easy to be low in production, the backflow of melt in a screw is serious, and spinning abnormal phenomena such as pulp blocks, column head filaments and the like are increased, thereby influencing the stability of spinning operation and the fiber quality. And then, three monomers, four monomers and even five monomers are added in the polymerization to carry out chemical modification so as to destroy the regularity of the aggregation state of the macromolecular chains of the polyester, reduce the crystallization and orientation capability of the fiber and obviously reduce the breaking strength of the obtained modified polyester fiber. The third method is to reduce the slice viscosity while polymerizing and modifying.
For example, the break strength of the anti-pilling polyester staple fiber of the east Asia company of Japan is 2.4cN/dt, and the fiber elongation is 35%.
Liu Shupeng and the like are developed in the development and application of anti-pilling polyester, the intrinsic viscosity of the adopted polyester chips is lower than 0.53dl/g, and simultaneously, three monomers are added for chemical modification, so that the obtained fiber strength is 2.2-2.6 cN/dt, and the fiber elongation is controlled to be 25-35%.
CN108085778A "a pilling-resistant easy-to-dye super cotton-like modified short fiber and a preparation method thereof" relates to a cotton-modified short fiber, in particular to a pilling-resistant easy-to-dye super cotton-like modified short fiber and a preparation method thereof. The two functional slices A and B with the intrinsic viscosity of 0.62dL/g are subjected to blending spinning, wherein the functional slice A is provided with a dyeing seat for dyeing with cationic dye; the functional slice B is obtained by blending, melting, extruding and granulating polybutylene terephthalate and polyester slices. The intrinsic viscosity of the blend chips was reduced to 0.58dL/g.
CN101831727B "a cotton-like polyester staple fiber and its preparation method" provides a cotton-like polyester staple fiber, in the cotton-like polyester staple fiber, the content of calcium sulfate is 0-1 wt%, the content of PEG is 1-10 wt%, the content of ECDP is 1-10 wt%, then through alkali treatment, part of calcium sulfate will be dissolved out during soaking process, so that the fiber surface forms micropores, finally the cotton-like polyester staple fiber is obtained.
CN103952790a "a fuzzing-resistant and pilling-resistant polyester-amide short fiber" provides a fuzzing-resistant and pilling-resistant polyester-amide short fiber, which is prepared by using modified polyester as a raw material, carrying out melt transportation to prepare a precursor, and then sequentially carrying out drawing, crimping and cutting to obtain a short fiber with a specific length, wherein: the modified polyamide ester is obtained by carrying out esterification reaction on 100 parts of terephthalic acid and 40-80 parts of ethylene glycol to obtain ethylene glycol phthalate, and then carrying out polycondensation reaction on the ethylene glycol phthalate and 5-30 parts of aliphatic polyamide in the presence of an additive A, B, C, so that a short fiber with the strength of 1.80-2.80cN/dtex and the elongation at break of 20-40% can be used for manufacturing a fabric with the fuzzing and pilling resistant function.
In summary, the existing production methods of the anti-pilling polyester staple fibers generally have three main types, namely, the fiber strength is reduced simply by reducing the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester; secondly, the polyester is chemically modified by adding a third monomer, a fourth monomer or a fifth monomer to damage the regularity of macromolecular chains so as to reduce the strength of the fiber; thirdly, the viscosity reduction and chemical modification are synchronously carried out. The three methods have advantages and disadvantages, the strength of the obtained fiber can be controlled to be lower, the fiber is close to or slightly higher than that of cotton fiber, the breaking elongation is kept higher and is between 20 and 40 percent, and the cN/dt is between 2.0 and 4.5cN/dt. When the fiber is spun or blended with cotton and wool, as the elongation of the polyester fiber is far higher than that of the natural cotton and wool fiber and the fiber stress is smaller than that of the natural cotton and wool fiber, the fuzz and the fiber pellets on the fabric are difficult to break, the fuzz and the pilling phenomenon is still serious, and the essential change is difficult to realize.
The polyester staple fiber is produced through melt spinning, water bath steam drafting, setting, crimping and cutting. The breaking strength and the breaking elongation of the polyester staple fiber are mainly controlled by the stretching multiplying power in post-spinning hot stretching, the higher the stretching multiplying power is, the higher the fiber orientation and crystallization capability are, the higher the breaking strength of the fiber is, the lower the breaking elongation is, namely the negative correlation between the breaking strength and the breaking elongation is shown. Existing research and production experience have shown that: the physical modification method reduces the breaking strength of the fiber simply by reducing the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester, and has the advantages of low intrinsic viscosity of the polyester, low apparent viscosity of flow, short polymer chains of the polyester, small intermolecular acting force, and increased sliding and deformation capabilities of the polymer chains, so that the breaking strength of the fiber is reduced, and the breaking elongation of the fiber is difficult to reduce or even increased; in the chemical modification method, as the added three monomers, four monomers and even five monomers are flexible chains in the polymerization, the regularity of the aggregation state of the macromolecular chains of the polyester is destroyed, the crystallization and orientation capability of the fiber are reduced, the crystal lattice and orientation with consolidation effect are reduced, the breaking strength of the fiber is reduced, but the breaking elongation is not reduced or even increased; it can be seen that the anti-pilling polyester staple fibers described in the current products and research materials on the market at present can have lower strength but larger elongation, and are usually between 20 and 40 percent. Compared with the conventional polyester staple fiber, the pure spinning or polyester-cotton blended fabric prepared from the polyester staple fiber with lower breaking strength and higher elongation has improved fuzzing and pilling resistance, but has insignificant effect.
The prior polyester fiber products have two problems, namely, when the breaking strength of the polyester fiber is low and is equal to that of the natural cotton fiber and the wool fiber, the breaking elongation of the polyester fiber is inevitably far higher than that of the natural cotton fiber and the wool fiber, or when the breaking elongation of the polyester fiber is low and is equal to or slightly higher than that of the natural cotton fiber and the wool fiber, the breaking strength of the polyester fiber is inevitably far higher than that of the natural cotton fiber and the wool fiber, and the two problems of the prior polyester fiber products cause that the wool ball generated by the blending of the polyester fiber and the natural fiber is not easy to fall off because the strength is higher than that of the natural fiber, and the fuzzing and pilling resistance of the fabric is lower; or because the breaking elongation is higher than that of the natural fibers and the stress degree is lower than that of the natural fibers, the generated fuzzing balls are not easy to fall off, and the fuzzing and fuzzing resistance of the fabric is lower, which is one of the root causes that the fuzzing resistance of the existing polyester fibers is far lower than that of the natural fibers.
The prior moisture absorption and sweat release type polyester staple fibers have the same problems. The moisture absorption and sweat releasing polyester staple fiber is usually prepared by adopting various grooved spinneret plates, taking conventional polyester or modified polyester as raw materials for melt spinning, the surface of the obtained fiber is provided with grooves, the water absorption and drainage performance is superior to that of the conventional polyester staple fiber, meanwhile, the friction force on the surface of the fiber is increased due to the grooves on the surface, and the anti-pilling performance is superior to that of the conventional circular polyester staple fiber, but the physical property of the fiber cannot be similar to that of natural cotton and wool fibers due to the breaking elongation of the fiber, so that the anti-pilling performance of the pure spinning or polyester cotton blended fabric prepared from the conventional moisture absorption and sweat releasing polyester staple fiber is improved but the effect is not obvious compared with that of the conventional polyester staple fiber. The breaking strength and breaking elongation of the prior moisture absorption sweat releasing polyester staple fiber can not be low, the breaking elongation is between 20 and 40 percent, and the breaking strength is between 2.0 and 4.5cN/dt. The moisture absorption and sweat releasing polyester staple fibers in the prior art and the product have the problems that the strength is low, the elongation is large, and the anti-pilling effect is not obviously improved. The prior melt spinning production method can not reduce the breaking strength and breaking elongation of the polyester fiber at the same time, and the prior polyester fiber product can not be closer to the natural cotton fiber and the wool fiber in basic physical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the first object of the invention is to provide the moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber which can reduce the breaking strength and breaking elongation of the polyester fiber and has good anti-pilling performance, and the second object of the invention is to provide the preparation method of the moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber which comprises the following raw material components: the breaking strength of the polyester staple fiber is 2.0-3.5cN/dt, and the breaking elongation of the moisture absorption sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber is lower than 20 percent.
The preparation method of the moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber comprises the following steps:
one of hydrophilic modified polyester chips, cationic modified polyester chips, polyesteramide modified polyester chips or polyalcohol modified polyester chips is used as a raw material, and is melted in a feeding section, a preheating section and a melting section of an extrusion screw, the melting temperature is 30-40 ℃ higher than the melting point of the modified polyester chips, the temperature is reduced to 5-30 ℃ above the melting point of the chips in a mixing and metering section of the screw, and spinning, drafting and crimping are carried out at the melt temperature of 240-275 ℃ to obtain the moisture absorption sweat-releasing polyester staple fibers.
The preparation method adopts high-temperature melting and ultralow-temperature spinning technology, reasonably utilizes the influence of a polyester melt fracture principle on the fiber performance, and the anti-pilling performance of the fabric prepared by the method is 1-1.5 level higher than that of the conventional moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber. Melting point of modified polyester chips Tm peaks were measured using DSC.
The feeding section of the extrusion screw is 270-295 ℃. The temperature of the mixing and metering section of the screw is 10-30 ℃ lower than that of the preheating section and the melting section.
The temperature of the conveying pipeline and the box body are consistent with the setting of the mixing and metering section of the extrusion screw. The modified polyester chip is melt-spun by a spinneret plate with groove-shaped micropores. The shape of the groove-shaped micropore is one of cross, H-shaped or W-shaped.
Preferably, the spinning speed is 1100-1300m/min. In the spinning process, the elongation at break of the precursor in the stress-strain stretching is controlled to be between 200 and 300 percent. During the spinning process, the breaking strength of the precursor fiber in stress-strain stretching is controlled to be 0.6-1.1cN/dt.
The invention aims at the thermoplastic nature of polyester (the melt keeps excellent fluidity at a higher temperature and in a wider temperature range, the fiber is guaranteed to have higher strength and elongation, namely toughness) and the characteristics of the prior production technology (high-temperature melting high-temperature spinning, the temperature is not greatly degraded by heat to be a high limit), the melt fracture principle is reasonably utilized, the high-temperature melting ultra-low-temperature spinning technology is adopted, the high-temperature melting is carried out in the feeding section, the preheating section and the melting section of the extrusion screw so as to ensure smooth feeding and complete melting of the slice, the low-temperature cooling is carried out in the spinning section so as to reduce the fluidity of the melt and ensure that the melt has certain thermoplasticity and can be smoothly spun, the strength and elongation of the obtained precursor are reduced, the extensibility is reduced, and the finished fiber is guaranteed to have lower breaking strength and breaking elongation.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the breaking strength and the breaking elongation of the moisture absorption perspiration type polyester staple fiber are low, the two are similar to those of natural cotton and wool fiber, the breaking strength is 2.0-3.5cN/dt, and the elongation is 5-20%; the anti-pilling effect of the obtained fabric is superior to the level 1 to level 1.5 of the existing anti-pilling polyester staple fiber; the preparation method is simple to operate and easy to realize.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to examples.
Example 1
(1) Hydrophilic polyester synthesis
Using a 300L polymerization reactor, terephthalic acid was added: 150Kg, ethylene glycol: 80Kg, adding polymerization catalyst and ether inhibitor, and performing esterification reaction to obtain the preset esterification rate. Adding 11000 Kg and 14.5Kg of polyethylene glycol under normal pressure, stirring for 10min, transferring to a polycondensation stage after a 45min low vacuum stage, and cooling and granulating the melt when the stirring current reaches a preset target. Conventional quality index of hydrophilic polyester chip: intrinsic viscosity was 0.680dL/g, carboxyl end group: 32mol/t, diethylene glycol: 1.2%.
(2) Melt spinning
Hydrophilic PET slices are taken as raw materials and put into a vacuum drum or a boiling bed type pre-crystallization dryer for pre-crystallization drying.
And (3) slicing the hydrophilic PET after the pre-crystallization and drying, adding the sliced hydrophilic PET into a screw extruder for melt spinning, and adopting cross micropores for a spinneret plate. The temperature of the feeding section of the screw is 270 ℃, the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are 290 ℃, the temperatures of the mixing and metering section and the conveying pipeline are identical to those of the metering section of the screw, the pressure of a spinning assembly is about 8.3Mpa, the spinning speed is 1100m/min, the air speed is set to 0.4+/-0.03 m/s, the breaking elongation of the obtained precursor is 300.0%, and the breaking strength is 0.60cN/dt.
(3) Post-processing
And bundling the raw filaments, carrying out drawing, crimping, cutting and the like on conventional polyester staple fiber production equipment to obtain finished staple fibers, and packaging. The total draft is set to 3.2 times, the first draft is 2.9 times, the second draft is 1.1 times, the tension heat setting temperature is 150 ℃, and other process settings are similar to those of the conventional PET precursor, so that the production operation is ensured to be stable.
The resulting staple had a breaking strength of 3.27cN/dt and an elongation at break of 9.9%.
(4) Fabric and anti-pilling performance test
The fabric fuzzing and pilling test method comprises the following steps: the Martindale method is implemented by national standard GB/T4802.2, and the international standard ISO 12945-2, YG (B) 401T Martindale abrasion resistance and pilling performance experimental instrument.
The ring spinning machine spins the yarn with a yarn specification of 19.5Tex, a common twist, a twist of 78/10 cm, and a twist multiplier of 330.
ZJ-S4R0681 concave-convex plate double-sided knitting machine, 8 yarn feeding and weft plain weave.
The staple fiber was used for spinning, and the resultant knitted fabric had a fuzzing and pilling resistance rating of 4.0.
Example 2
(1) Hydrophilic polyester synthesis
Using a 300L polymerization reactor, terephthalic acid was added: 150Kg, ethylene glycol: 80Kg, adding polymerization catalyst and ether inhibitor, and performing esterification reaction to obtain the preset esterification rate. Polyethylene glycol 2000 and 6.7Kg are added under normal pressure, stirred for 10min, transferred into a polycondensation stage after a 45min low vacuum stage, and the melt is cooled and granulated when the stirring current reaches a preset target. Conventional quality index of hydrophilic polyester chip: the intrinsic viscosity was 0.670dL/g, carboxyl end group: 34mol/t, diethylene glycol: 1.3%.
(2) Melt spinning
Hydrophilic PET slices are taken as raw materials and put into a vacuum drum or a boiling bed type pre-crystallization dryer for pre-crystallization drying.
And (3) slicing the hydrophilic PET after the pre-crystallization and drying, adding the sliced hydrophilic PET into a screw extruder for melt spinning, and adopting H-shaped micropores for a spinneret plate. The temperature of the screw feeding section is set to 275 ℃, the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are set to 290 ℃, the temperatures of the conveying pipeline and the box body are set to be consistent with the temperatures of the screw metering section, the pressure of a spinning assembly is about 98Mpa, the spinning speed is 1100m/min, the air speed is set to 0.4+/-0.03 m/s, the breaking elongation of the obtained precursor is 256.0%, and the breaking strength is 0.76cN/dt.
(3) Post-processing
And bundling the raw filaments, carrying out drawing, crimping, cutting and the like on conventional polyester staple fiber production equipment to obtain finished staple fibers, and packaging. The total draft is set to 3.0 times, the first draft is 2.7 times, the second draft is 1.1 times, the tension heat setting temperature is 150 ℃, and other process settings are similar to those of the conventional PET precursor, so that the production operation is ensured to be stable.
The resulting staple had a breaking strength of 2.00cN/dt and an elongation at break of 14.2%.
(4) Fabric and anti-pilling performance test
The fabric fuzzing and pilling test method comprises the following steps: the Martindale method is implemented by national standard GB/T4802.2, and the international standard ISO 12945-2, YG (B) 401T Martindale abrasion resistance and pilling performance experimental instrument.
The ring spinning machine spins the yarn with a yarn specification of 19.7Tex, a common twist, a twist of 78/10 cm, and a twist multiplier of 330.
ZJ-S4R0681 concave-convex plate double-sided knitting machine, 8 yarn feeding and weft plain weave.
The staple fiber was used for spinning, and the resultant knitted fabric had a fuzzing and pilling resistance rating of 4.0.
Example 3
(1) Hydrophilic polyester synthesis
Using a 300L polymerization reactor, terephthalic acid was added: 150Kg, ethylene glycol: 80Kg, adding polymerization catalyst and ether inhibitor, and performing esterification reaction to obtain the preset esterification rate. Adding 19000 Kg of polyethylene glycol and 12.1Kg of polyethylene glycol under normal pressure, stirring for 10min, transferring to a polycondensation stage after a 45min low vacuum stage, and cooling and granulating the melt when the stirring current reaches a preset target. Conventional quality index of hydrophilic polyester chip: intrinsic viscosity was 0.681dL/g, carboxyl end group: 29mol/t, diethylene glycol: 1.1%.
(2) Melt spinning
Hydrophilic PET slices are taken as raw materials and put into a vacuum drum or a boiling bed type pre-crystallization dryer for pre-crystallization drying.
And (3) slicing the hydrophilic PET after the pre-crystallization and drying, adding the sliced hydrophilic PET into a screw extruder for melt spinning, and adopting W-shaped micropores for a spinneret plate. The temperature of the screw feeding section is set to 275 ℃, the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are set to 295 ℃, the temperatures of the mixing and metering section and the conveying pipeline are set to be consistent with the temperatures of the screw metering section, the pressure of a spinning assembly is about 99Mpa, the spinning speed is 1300m/min, the air speed is set to 0.4+/-0.03 m/s, the breaking elongation of the obtained precursor is 200.0%, and the breaking strength is 1.1cN/dt.
(3) Post-processing
And bundling the raw filaments, carrying out drawing, crimping, cutting and the like on conventional polyester staple fiber production equipment to obtain finished staple fibers, and packaging. The total draft is set to 3.14 times, the first draft is 2.85 times, the second draft is 1.1 times, the tension heat setting temperature is 150 ℃, and other process settings are similar to those of the conventional PET precursor, so that the production operation is ensured to be stable.
The breaking strength of the obtained staple fiber was 3.12cN/dt and the breaking elongation was 10.2%.
(4) Fabric and anti-pilling performance test
The fabric fuzzing and pilling test method comprises the following steps: the Martindale method is implemented by national standard GB/T4802.2, and the international standard ISO 12945-2, YG (B) 401T Martindale abrasion resistance and pilling performance experimental instrument.
The ring spinning machine spins the yarn with a yarn specification of 19.6Tex, a common twist, a twist of 78/10 cm, and a twist multiplier of 330.
ZJ-S4R0681 concave-convex plate double-sided knitting machine for weaving, 8 yarn feeding, weft plain weave and 180g/m 2 。
The staple fibers of comparative example 1.2 and example 1.2.3 were spun by the same process to obtain the tensile properties of the staple fibers and the anti-pilling grade properties of the knitted fabrics shown in Table 1.
Example 4
(1) Melt spinning
The cationic slice CDP is taken as a raw material and put into a vacuum drum or a boiling bed type pre-crystallization dryer for pre-crystallization drying.
And slicing the CDP after the pre-crystallization and drying, adding the slices into a screw extruder for melt spinning, and adopting H-shaped micropores for a spinneret plate. The temperature of the screw feeding section is set to 275 ℃, the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are set to 290 ℃, the temperatures of the conveying pipeline and the box body are set to 266 ℃, the pressure of the spinning assembly is about 87Mpa, the spinning speed is 1100m/min, the wind speed is set to 0.6+/-0.03 m/s, the breaking elongation of the obtained precursor is 292.0%, and the breaking strength is 0.72cN/dt.
(2) Post-processing
And bundling the raw filaments, carrying out drawing, crimping, cutting and the like on conventional polyester staple fiber production equipment to obtain finished staple fibers, and packaging. The total draft is set to 3.50 times, the first draft is 3.2 times, the second draft is 1.1 times, the tension heat setting temperature is 150 ℃, and other process settings are similar to those of the conventional PET precursor, so that the production operation is ensured to be stable.
The resulting staple had a breaking strength of 3.32cN/dt and an elongation at break of 19.8%.
(3) Fabric and anti-pilling performance test
The fabric fuzzing and pilling test method comprises the following steps: the Martindale method is implemented by national standard GB/T4802.2, and the international standard ISO 12945-2, YG (B) 401T Martindale abrasion resistance and pilling performance experimental instrument.
The ring spinning machine spins the yarn with a yarn specification of 19.7Tex, a common twist, a twist of 78/10 cm, and a twist multiplier of 330.
ZJ-S4R0681 concave-convex plate double-sided knitting machine, 8 yarn feeding and weft plain weave.
The staple fiber was used for spinning, and the resultant knitted fabric had a fuzzing and pilling resistance rating of 4.0.
Example 5
(1) Melt spinning
Polyol modified slices are taken as raw materials and put into a vacuum drum or ebullated bed type pre-crystallization dryer for pre-crystallization drying.
And (3) adding the polyol modified slices subjected to pre-crystallization and drying into a screw extruder for melt spinning, wherein the spinneret plate adopts H-shaped micropores. The temperature of the screw feeding section is set to 270 ℃, the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are set to 273 ℃, the temperatures of the conveying pipeline and the box body are set to 240 ℃, the pressure of the spinning assembly is about 98Mpa, the spinning speed is 1100m/min, the wind speed is set to 0.5+/-0.03 m/s, the breaking elongation of the obtained precursor is 287.0%, and the breaking strength is 0.69cN/dt.
(2) Post-processing
And bundling the raw filaments, carrying out drawing, crimping, cutting and the like on conventional polyester staple fiber production equipment to obtain finished staple fibers, and packaging. The total draft is set to 3.48 times, the first draft is 3.17 times, the second draft is 1.1 times, the tension heat setting temperature is 150 ℃, and other process settings are similar to those of the conventional PET precursor, so that the production operation is ensured to be stable.
The resulting staple had a breaking strength of 3.16cN/dt and an elongation at break of 18.7%.
(3) Fabric and anti-pilling performance test
The fabric fuzzing and pilling test method comprises the following steps: the Martindale method is implemented by national standard GB/T4802.2, and the international standard ISO 12945-2, YG (B) 401T Martindale abrasion resistance and pilling performance experimental instrument.
The ring spinning machine spins the yarn with a yarn specification of 19.7Tex, a common twist, a twist of 78/10 cm, and a twist multiplier of 330.
ZJ-S4R0681 concave-convex plate double-sided knitting machine, 8 yarn feeding and weft plain weave.
The staple fiber was used for spinning, and the resultant knitted fabric had a fuzzing and pilling resistance rating of 4.0.
Example 6
(1) Melt spinning
The polyesteramide slice is taken as a raw material and put into a vacuum drum or a fluidized bed type pre-crystallization dryer for pre-crystallization drying.
Slicing the pre-crystallized and dried polyesteramide, adding the sliced polyesteramide into a screw extruder for melt spinning, and adopting H-shaped micropores for a spinneret plate. The temperature of the feeding section of the screw is set to 295 ℃, the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are set to 293 ℃, the temperatures of the conveying pipeline and the box body are set to be consistent with the temperatures of the metering section of the screw, the pressure of a spinning assembly is about 95Mpa, the spinning speed is 1100m/min, the wind speed is set to 0.4+/-0.03 m/s, the breaking elongation of the obtained precursor is 264.0%, and the breaking strength is controlled to 0.72cN/dt.
(2) Post-processing
And bundling the raw filaments, carrying out drawing, crimping, cutting and the like on conventional polyester staple fiber production equipment to obtain finished staple fibers, and packaging. The total draft is set to 3.08 times, the first draft is 2.8 times, the second draft is 1.1 times, the tension heat setting temperature is 150 ℃, and other process settings are similar to those of the conventional PET precursor, so that the production operation is ensured to be stable.
The breaking strength of the obtained staple fiber was 2.98cN/dt and the breaking elongation was 20.0%.
(3) Fabric and anti-pilling performance test
The fabric fuzzing and pilling test method comprises the following steps: the Martindale method is implemented by national standard GB/T4802.2, and the international standard ISO 12945-2, YG (B) 401T Martindale abrasion resistance and pilling performance experimental instrument.
The ring spinning machine spins the yarn with a yarn specification of 19.7Tex, a common twist, a twist of 78/10 cm, and a twist multiplier of 330.
ZJ-S4R0681 concave-convex plate double-sided knitting machine, 8 yarn feeding and weft plain weave.
The staple fiber was used for spinning, and the resultant knitted fabric had a fuzzing and pilling resistance rating of 4.0.
Comparative example 1
The procedure and detection method of this comparative example were the same as in example 1, and the process parameters are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
The procedure and detection method of this comparative example were the same as in example 1, and the process parameters are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 process and fiber physical index for examples and comparative examples
Claims (9)
1. The moisture-absorbing sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber is characterized in that the raw material of the polyester staple fiber is one of hydrophilic modified polyester, cationic modified polyester, polyesteramide modified polyester or polyalcohol modified polyester, the breaking strength of the polyester staple fiber is 2.0-3.5cN/dt, and the breaking elongation of the polyester staple fiber is lower than 20%;
the preparation method of the moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber comprises the following steps: one of hydrophilic modified polyester chips, cationic modified polyester chips, polyesteramide modified polyester chips or polyalcohol modified polyester chips is used as a raw material, and is melted in a feeding section, a preheating section and a melting section of an extrusion screw, wherein the temperatures of the preheating section and the melting section are 30-40 ℃ higher than the melting point of the modified polyester chips, and the spinning, the drafting and the crimping are carried out in a mixing and metering section of the screw to 5-30 ℃ higher than the melting point of the chips, and the melt temperature is 240-275 ℃ to prepare the moisture absorption sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber.
2. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding section of the extrusion screw is 270-295 ℃.
3. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the conveying pipeline and the box body are consistent with the setting of the mixing and metering section of the extrusion screw.
4. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the mixing and metering section of the screw is 10-30 ℃ lower than that of the preheating section and the melting section.
5. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: and the modified polyester chip is subjected to melt spinning by adopting a spinneret plate with groove type micropores.
6. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 5, wherein: the shape of the groove-shaped micropore is one of cross, H-shaped or W-shaped.
7. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the spinning speed is 1100-1300m/min.
8. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: in the spinning process, the elongation at break of the precursor in stress-strain drawing is controlled to be between 200 and 300 percent.
9. The moisture-absorbing and sweat-releasing polyester staple fiber according to claim 1, wherein: in the spinning process, the breaking strength of the precursor fiber in stress-strain stretching is controlled to be 0.6-1.1cN/dt.
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