CN114107768B - Preparation method of jet-cast 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip - Google Patents
Preparation method of jet-cast 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip Download PDFInfo
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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- C22C32/0068—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only nitrides
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Abstract
A preparation method of a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by spray casting and rolling comprises the following steps of 1) smelting according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: zn: 4.8-6.3%, Mg: 1.6-2.5%, Cu: 1.6-2.5%, Zr: 0.1-0.15%, and the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurities; the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; 2) reinforcing the nano particles; 3) spray deposition and continuous casting; 4) cooling; 5) carrying out first hot rolling; 6) cooling and carrying out secondary hot rolling; 7) coiling; 8) and (5) post-treatment. Compared with the existing 7XXX aluminum alloy, the 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip cast-rolled by combining spray deposition with a double-roller thin strip casting-rolling process has the advantages that the strength is higher by more than 25%, and the elongation is higher by more than 35%; compared with a steel plate, the steel plate realizes the weight reduction of more than 50 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by spray casting.
Background
The thin strip continuous casting technology is a leading technology in the metallurgy field at present, and the idea was originally proposed by Henry Bessemer in 1865 (US Patent: 49053). The continuous casting of the thin strip integrates the procedures of continuous casting, rolling, even heat treatment and the like, so that the produced thin strip blank can be formed into an industrial finished product at one time through subsequent rolling, the production procedure of the aluminum alloy thin strip is greatly simplified, the production period is shortened, and the production flow of the aluminum alloy thin strip is more compact, more continuous, more efficient and more environment-friendly; meanwhile, the production cost is obviously reduced, and the quality and the performance of the produced thin strip product are not inferior to or even superior to those of the traditional process.
Typical short-flow new processes include a Hatzerland (Hazelett) continuous casting and rolling process, a twin-roll thin-strip continuous casting and rolling process and the like. However, the conventional horizontal twin-roll thin strip continuous casting and rolling process can only produce rolled aluminum foil strips and relatively simple thin strip products of 1XXX and 3XXX series of alloy systems, and cannot produce high-end aluminum alloy products of 6XXX, 7XXX and the like. And the traditional horizontal twin-roll casting machine has a slow speed which is usually only 1-3m/min, so the production efficiency is low.
In recent years, many famous manufacturers of twin roll casting machines for thin aluminum alloy strips have made many developments in increasing casting speed and width of thin aluminum alloy strips, aiming at improving production efficiency and wider application. The more well-known companies include FataHunter, Italy and Puji, France, Speedcaster developed by FataHunter TM The ultrathin high-speed casting and rolling machine is characterized in that: the double rollers are driven by double drives, the inclination is 15 degrees, the diameter of the casting roller is 1118mm, the plate width reaches 2184mm, the rolling force is 3000t, the maximum casting speed can reach 38m/min, and the thickness can reach 0.635mm at the thinnest. The Junbo3CM casting and rolling machine developed by Puji corporation is characterized in that: the rolling force is 2900t, the plate width reaches 2020mm, the cast-rolling thickness is 1mm at the thinnest, and the maximum cast-rolling speed can reach 15 m/min. These devices still do not produce high-end aerospace 7XXX series aluminum alloy products.
Currently, 7XXX aluminum alloys, such as 7075 aluminum alloys and 7050 aluminum alloys, attract considerable attention, mainly because of their irreplaceable role in structural components in the aerospace and automotive industries, and 7XXX aluminum alloys have the advantages of low density, high strength, excellent processability and anodic reaction, excellent stress resistance, exfoliation corrosion resistance, and the like, and are widely used in the aerospace field, such as various aircraft fuselages, wing spars, cabin panels, aircraft high-stress structural members, aircraft skins, aircraft rocket high-strength structural parts, and the like.
However, the microstructure of the currently produced 7XXX aluminum alloys still has many problems that prevent the wide application of the aluminum alloys, such as grain and precipitation coarsening, hot cracking, and the distribution of intermetallic compounds and eutectic phases along grain boundaries, and the microstructure of the aluminum alloys largely determines the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by spray casting, the 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip produced by the preparation method has fine isometric crystal structure and hard particles distributed in a dispersion way, the combination improvement of strength and elongation can be realized, and compared with the existing 7XXX aluminum alloy, the strength is higher by more than 25%, and the elongation is higher by more than 35%; compared with a steel plate, the steel plate realizes the light weight of more than 50 percent; the composite material can be used in the field of aerospace, such as various airplane fuselages, wing spars, cabin wall plates, high-stress aircraft structural members, airplane skins, high-strength structural parts in airplane rockets and the like, and can provide wide space for high strengthening and light weight of aerospace, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by spray casting comprises the following steps:
1) smelting
Smelting according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: zn: 4.8-6.3%, Mg: 1.6-2.5%, Cu: 1.6-2.5%, Zr: 0.1-0.15%, and the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurities; the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
2) nanoparticle reinforcement
Introducing the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a standing furnace for standing, conveying the aluminum alloy liquid to a front box through a runner, degassing, filtering, flowing into a tundish, and adding hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than that of aluminum into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish, wherein the addition amount of the hard particles is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid introduced into the standing furnace is 780-850 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish is 730-800 ℃;
3) spray deposition, continuous casting
Atomizing aluminum alloy liquid flowing out of the tundish into fine molten drops by adopting inert gas, depositing the molten drops on the surface of a double roller, and carrying out continuous casting on a double-roller thin strip to obtain an aluminum alloy casting strip with the thickness of 2-6mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm; the pressure of inert gas is 0.8-2.0MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 440-480 ℃, the diameter of a crystallization roller is 400-800mm, water is introduced into the crystallization roller for cooling, and the casting speed of a casting machine is 20-80 m/min;
4) cooling
The aluminum alloy cast strip is cooled to 380-420 ℃ after coming out of the casting machine through water quenching;
5) first hot rolling
Sending the cooled aluminum alloy cast strip to a rolling mill after pinch roll and crop end treatment for primary hot rolling; the first hot rolling temperature is 340-390 ℃, and the first hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 50%;
6) cooling and second hot rolling
Carrying out air cooling or water cooling on the aluminum alloy thin strip subjected to the first hot rolling, and then carrying out second hot rolling; the second hot rolling temperature is 250-330 ℃, and the second hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 60%; the thickness of the aluminum alloy thin strip after the second hot rolling is 0.3-4mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm;
7) coiling
Sending the aluminum alloy thin strip subjected to the second hot rolling to a coiler for coiling through a pinch roll, wherein the coiling temperature is 170-280 ℃;
8) post-treatment
And (3) sequentially carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching after the aluminum alloy thin strip is coiled.
Preferably, in step 2), the hard particles are TiC, TiN, WC, SiC and B 4 C、Si 3 N 4 And BN.
Preferably, in step 3), the inert gas is one or two of nitrogen and argon.
Preferably, in step 3), the molten drop is in a solid, semi-solid or liquid state.
Further, carrying out artificial aging after quenching in the step 8).
Preferably, the artificial aging temperature is 100-150 ℃, and the time is 18-28 h.
Preferably, in the step 8), the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 440-480 ℃, and the time is 50-100 min.
Preferably, in the step 8), the temperature of the aluminum alloy thin strip after quenching is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
Preferably, before the post-treatment process of the step 8), one or more of off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, edge cutting, flattening, surface inspection, plate shape inspection and forming processes can be carried out on the aluminum alloy thin strip.
Preferably, in step 3), the nozzle used for spray deposition is a slit linear nozzle.
Preferably, in the step 3), a vertical casting machine or a horizontal casting machine is used for the continuous casting.
Preferably, in the step 3) continuous casting process, the crystallizing roller is a copper roller, and the surface of the crystallizing roller is provided with textures, grooves or embossments.
Preferably, the surface of the crystallization roller is subjected to chromium electroplating treatment, and the thickness of a chromium plating layer is 0.05-0.10 mm.
The microstructure of the aluminum alloy thin strip is fine isometric crystal matrix structure and hard particles which are dispersed and distributed.
The aluminum alloy thin strip can realize the yield strength of 530-630MPa, the tensile strength of 620-720MPa and the elongation of 13-16% under the artificial aging condition, namely T6.
In the composition design of the 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip of the invention:
zn: is one of the main alloy elements of 7XXX aluminum alloy, can improve the fluidity, the casting performance and the cutting processing performance in the aluminum alloy, and can form stable MgZn when being added with Mg at the same time 2 The strength of the aluminum alloy is improved by the strengthening phase, but the addition of a large amount of Zn increases the hot shortness and lowers the corrosion resistance. Therefore, the Zn content is controlled in the range of 4.8 to 6.3% in the present invention.
Mg: is one of the main alloy elements of the 7XXX aluminum alloy, is added with Zn at the same time, and can form stable MgZn 2 The strengthening phase can improve the strength, hardness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and machinability of the aluminum alloy, but the addition of a large amount of Mg tends to cause hot brittleness and cracks in the alloy. Therefore, the Mg content is controlled in the range of 1.6 to 2.5% in the present invention.
Cu: is an important alloy element in 7XXX aluminum alloy, has certain solid solution strengthening effect and CuAl precipitated by aging 2 The copper alloy has obvious aging strengthening effect, and Cu can also improve the hardness, heat resistance, cutting performance and casting flow performance of the aluminum alloy; however, too high a Cu content affects the corrosion resistance and plasticity of the aluminum alloy and increases the tendency to hot cracking. Therefore, the range of controlling the Cu content in the present invention is 1.6-2.5％。
Zr: is a common additive element in aluminum alloy, and ZrAl is formed by Zr and Al 3 The compound can effectively block the recrystallization process and refine recrystallized grains; zr also refines the cast structure, and in 7XXX aluminum alloys Zr is used to refine the recrystallized structure instead of Cr and Mn because Zr has less effect on quench sensitivity than Cr and Mn. Therefore, in the present invention, the Zr content is controlled to be in the range of 0.1 to 0.15%.
According to the invention, Cu element is selectively added into the 7XXX aluminum alloy, so that Cu is dissolved into the aluminum alloy in a solid solution manner, the strength, hardness, heat resistance and cutting performance of the aluminum alloy thin strip are improved, and the casting fluidity can be improved; in addition, the CuAl precipitated by aging 2 Has obvious aging strengthening effect.
In the invention, Zr element is selectively added into 7XXX aluminum alloy, and Zr and Al form ZrAl 3 The compound can effectively obstruct the recrystallization process, refine recrystallized grains, and Zr can also refine casting structures.
The aluminum alloy liquid smelted by the method is led into a standing furnace for standing, one smelting furnace is generally used for 2-3 standing furnaces, the smelting capacity of the smelting furnace is greater than that of the standing furnace, so that the aluminum alloy liquid is fully supplied, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid flowing into the standing furnace is controlled to be 780-850 ℃. And conveying the aluminum alloy liquid from the standing furnace to the front box through a launder, degassing, filtering and flowing into a tundish.
Adding hard particles with the size of 5 nanometers to 10 micrometers and the melting point higher than that of aluminum into the aluminum alloy liquid positioned in the tundish, and uniformly and dispersedly distributing the hard particles with the high melting point into the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the amount of the added hard particles with the high melting point is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid.
The action mechanism of the high-melting-point nano/micron hard particles dispersed and distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix is as follows:
in the process of solidification and crystallization of aluminum alloy liquid, nano/micron hard particles at the grain boundary can effectively limit the grain growth through pinning effect, and refine grains; meanwhile, the nano/micron hard particles can also be used as effective heterogeneous nucleation points and excellent modifiers, so that the nucleation of the aluminum alloy liquid during solidification is effectively increased, the microstructure is optimized, and the microstructure of the formed aluminum alloy thin strip is as follows: the fine isometric crystal matrix structure and the dispersed hard particles play roles in dispersion strengthening, fine crystal strengthening and precipitation strengthening, thereby obviously improving the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy thin strip.
The hard particle species may be: titanium carbide (chemical formula: TiC, density: 4.93 g/cm) 3 Melting point: 3140 deg.C), titanium nitride (chemical formula: TiN, density: 5.44g/cm 3 Melting point: 2950 ℃), tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC, density: 15.63g/cm 3 Melting point: 2870 deg.c), silicon carbide (chemical formula: SiC, density: 3.2g/cm 3 Melting point: 2700 deg.c), boron carbide (chemical formula: b is 4 C, density: 2.52g/cm 3 Melting point: 2350 deg.c), silicon nitride (chemical formula: si 3 N 4 Density (b): 3.44g/cm 3 Melting point: 1900 deg.c), boron nitride (chemical formula: BN, density: 2.25g/cm 3 Melting point: 3000 ℃ C.), and the like.
During spray deposition, the aluminum alloy liquid flowing from the tundish is introduced into a slit type linear nozzle having a slit parallel to the center line of the roll shaft of the twin roll caster in an inert gas (e.g., N) 2 Ar) under the action of inert gas pressure of 0.8-2.0MPa, atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid flowing into the slit type linear nozzle into fine molten drops to be deposited on the surface of the double rollers, wherein the molten drops have thermodynamic behaviors such as heat conduction or heat radiation with the outside in the flying process and can be in a solid state, a semi-solid state or a liquid state; and then continuously casting the aluminum alloy strip by a double-roller thin strip casting machine to obtain the aluminum alloy cast strip with the thickness of 2-6mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm.
The spray deposition and double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process combines the atomization, spray deposition and double-roller casting and rolling of aluminum alloy liquid into one process, and can economically and efficiently prepare the aluminum alloy thin strip with uniform fine grain structure and excellent comprehensive performance.
Compared with the traditional horizontal type double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process, the injection deposition combined double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process has the following obvious advantages:
(1) the produced aluminum alloy thin strip has the microstructure characteristic of rapid solidification, almost has no macrosegregation and almost no anisotropy, has fine equiaxed crystal structure, and the mechanical property is greatly improved after heat treatment;
(2) the density of the produced aluminum alloy thin strip is high, the density of the aluminum alloy thin strip can easily reach 97-99% after the aluminum alloy thin strip is subjected to spray deposition and twin-roll thin strip casting rolling, and the cracking problem in the subsequent rolling process is avoided;
(3) the production efficiency is high, and the casting and rolling speed can reach more than 3 times of that of the traditional horizontal double-roller thin strip casting and rolling;
(4) the surface quality is excellent, and the problem of uneven cooling of the upper surface and the lower surface of the traditional horizontal double-roll thin strip casting can be avoided;
(5) the range of aluminum alloy varieties which can be produced is greatly widened, the aluminum alloy varieties which can be produced by the traditional horizontal type double-roller thin-strip casting and rolling are few, and because the aluminum alloy liquid is atomized, sprayed and deposited on the surface of the crystallization roller, the aluminum alloy can form uniform fine crystal structures, so that some alloys with wider solidification temperature ranges, such as 2XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX and the like, can be produced.
The aluminum alloy cast strip after water quenching and cooling enters a four-roll mill for first hot rolling after the end cutting of a pinch roll, the hot rolling temperature range is 340-390 ℃, and the reduction rate is less than or equal to 50 percent. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the pinch roll has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
Although the method of the present invention is described in the above embodiment as having two stands in the rolling step to achieve the target thickness, one skilled in the art can contemplate other embodiments, such as using any suitable number of hot rolling and subsequent cold rolling stands in the rolling step to achieve the appropriate product target thickness.
The post-treatment in the step 8) comprises the working procedures of solution heat treatment, quenching, artificial aging and the like.
After coiling, the aluminum alloy thin strip may be solution heat treated and quenched, solution heat treatment temperature: 440-480 ℃, duration: 50-100 min; the temperature range of the quenched aluminum alloy thin strip is between room temperature and 120 ℃.
After the solution heat treatment and quenching, artificial aging treatment can be carried out, wherein the artificial aging temperature is as follows: 100-150 ℃, duration: 18-28 h. The condition of the solution heat treated and artificially aged aluminum alloy product after quenching is referred to as the T6 condition, which means that the final product has been solution heat treated, quenched and artificially aged.
The preparation method can select other process treatments before the post-treatment in the step 8), including off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, flattening, surface inspection, plate shape inspection, forming and the like, and then can perform solid solution heat treatment and quenching after reaching the final specification or forming to the final shape so as to avoid the problem of difficult forming due to high strength.
The twin roll casting machine for continuous casting according to the present invention may be in the form of a vertical type or a horizontal type. The crystallizing roller for twin-roll strip casting is copper roller, and the surface of the crystallizing roller is processed into grains, grooves or embossing, etc. to raise the heat conducting efficiency of the interface and thus raise the strip casting speed. After the surface appearance of the crystallization roller is processed, the chromium electroplating treatment is needed, the thickness of the chromium coating is controlled to be 0.05-0.10mm, the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the crystallization roller can be greatly improved through the chromium electroplating treatment, and the service life of the crystallization roller is prolonged.
The aluminum alloy thin strip is coiled in a double-coiling mode, and also can be coiled in a carrousel coiling mode, so that the continuous production of the aluminum alloy thin strip is ensured. The coiling machine reel has an automatic centering function so as to ensure good coil shape when the aluminum alloy thin strip is coiled and ensure smooth production.
The invention is distinguished and improved from the prior art:
the preparation of 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strips using nanoparticle reinforcement, spray deposition and twin roll strip casting processes has not been directly reported.
Chinese patent CN104321451A discloses an improved 7XXX aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, the aluminum alloy sheet has 2.0-22 wt% of Zn, and the Zn is a main alloy element except Al in the aluminum alloy sheet; also included are particulate matter having a size of greater than or equal to 30 um. The aluminum alloy plate has a sandwich structure of two outer regions and one inner region, the Zn content of the two outer regions is greater than that of the inner region, and the particle concentration contained in the inner region is greater than that of the outer regions, so that the aluminum alloy plate is a non-uniform internal structure. The invention is obviously different from the patent, the components of the product of the patent do not relate to Mg, Cu, Zr and other elements, and also do not relate to measures such as spray deposition, and the microstructure of the aluminum alloy thin strip is uniform and fine isometric crystal structure and dispersed hard particles, and the size of the hard particles is less than 10 micrometers.
Chinese patent CN105121690A discloses a heat-treatable aluminum alloy containing Mg and Zn and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 3.0-6.0 wt% of Mg and 2.5-5.0 wt% of Zn, and can be produced by preparing an aluminum alloy body for cold working after solid solution, cold working by at least 25% and then heat treatment, so that the improvement of properties such as strength can be realized.
Chinese patent CN200810098094 discloses "a continuous casting process of an aluminum alloy thin strip blank", and proposes that 5052 aluminum alloy can be produced by adopting a vertical twin-roll thin strip continuous casting process, and the invention does not relate to measures such as spray deposition, particle enhancement and the like, and does not relate to 7XXX aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, Cu element is selectively added into the 7XXX aluminum alloy, so that Cu is dissolved into the aluminum alloy in a solid solution manner, the strength, hardness, heat resistance and cutting performance of the aluminum alloy thin strip are improved, and the casting fluidity can be improved; in addition, the CuAl precipitated by aging 2 Has obvious aging strengthening effect. In the invention, Zr element is selectively added into 7XXX aluminum alloy, and Zr and Al form ZrAl 3 The compound can effectively obstruct the recrystallization process, refine recrystallized grains, and Zr can also refine casting structures.
2. According to the invention, hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum are added into the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and in the solidification process, the nano/micron hard particles at the grain boundary can effectively limit the grain growth through the pinning effect, and the grains are refined; the hard particles can also be used as effective heterogeneous nucleation points and excellent modifiers, effectively increase nucleation during aluminum alloy solidification, optimize microstructure, form finer isometric crystal matrix tissues and hard particles in dispersion distribution, play roles in dispersion strengthening, fine crystal strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and thus obviously improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
3. The spray deposition and double-roller thin strip casting and rolling process combines the atomization, spray deposition and double-roller casting and rolling of aluminum alloy liquid into one process, and can economically and efficiently prepare the aluminum alloy thin strip with compact and uniform fine grain structure and excellent comprehensive performance.
4. Compared with the traditional aluminum alloy production process, the invention has the following advantages:
a) short flow, investment saving, low cost and low energy consumption: the double-roll thin strip casting and rolling equipment can replace the traditional DC casting machine, heating furnace and hot rolling mill, and the equipment cost is greatly reduced; the occupied area is only 1/4 of the traditional flow (casting and hot rolling workshop), and the energy consumption is only 50 percent of that of the traditional flow;
b) the production efficiency is high, the processing time of the semi-finished product is greatly shortened, and 5 working procedures (1, sawing the head and the tail of the ingot; 2. homogenizing annealing (which is a long-time process and takes up to 50 hours); 3. milling a surface; 4. heating before hot rolling; 5. hot rolling), from aluminum alloy liquid to hot rolled coil, from 20 days required by the traditional flow, to 20 minutes;
c) the yield is greatly improved: greatly reducing the consumption of head cutting, tail removing and face milling, and improving the yield by more than 20 percent;
d) the production line has a high degree of flexibility: the continuous casting machine of the production line can replace the alloy at any time without stopping the machine, thereby realizing seamless transition among aerospace, automobile, industry, household appliances and packaging market products.
5. Compared with the product produced by the traditional aluminum alloy production process, the invention has the advantages of obvious structure performance:
a) the density is high, and macrosegregation is almost not generated: the microstructure of the produced aluminum alloy thin strip is fine isometric crystal with rapid solidification characteristic and hard particles in dispersion distribution, the density is high, the cracking problem in the subsequent rolling process is avoided, macrosegregation is almost not generated, anisotropy is almost not generated, and the mechanical property is greatly improved after heat treatment;
b) the surface quality is good: compared with the traditional double-roller thin strip casting and rolling (the drawing speed is only 1-3m/min), the drawing speed can be greatly improved to 20-80m/min, the problem of uneven cooling of the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum alloy thin strip in the traditional horizontal double-roller thin strip casting and rolling can be avoided, the surface quality is greatly improved, and the harsh requirements of the aerospace industry can be met;
c) excellent performance, obvious light weight advantage: the strength of the produced aluminum alloy thin strip is higher than that of the existing 7XXX aluminum alloy by more than 25%, and the elongation is higher than 35%; compared with a steel plate, the steel plate realizes the weight reduction of more than 50 percent.
6. The traditional double-roller thin strip cast-rolling aluminum alloy production usually adopts steel rollers, and has low cooling and heat transfer efficiency, so that the drawing speed is only 1-3m/min, and the production efficiency is low.
The crystallization roller used for twin-roller thin strip continuous casting adopts a copper roller, the surface of the crystallization roller is processed into shapes such as textures, grooves or embossing, and the like, so that the interface heat conduction efficiency can be greatly improved, and the thin strip continuous casting speed can be improved; after the surface appearance of the crystallization roller is processed, chromium electroplating treatment is carried out, so that the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the crystallization roller can be greatly improved, and the service life of the crystallization roller is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a process of vertical twin roll strip casting according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the process of the second embodiment of the present invention (horizontal twin roll strip casting).
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications or improvements based on the basic idea of the invention, but within the scope of the present invention, without departing from the basic idea of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in a first embodiment of the present invention, a vertical casting machine is used to produce a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip.
The smelted aluminum alloy liquid which is designed according to the chemical composition of the invention is led into a standing furnace 3 from a smelting furnace 1 through a launder 2 for standing. The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed from a standing furnace 3 to a front box 4 through a launder 2, flows into a tundish 7 after degassing 5 and filtering 6, and hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish 7, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and the amount of the added hard particles with the high melting point is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid.
After the nano-particle strengthening treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid flows into a slit type linear nozzle 9 from the bottom of a tundish 7 through a water gap 8 and is subjected to high-energy inert gas 11 (such as N) 2 ) The aluminum alloy flowing into the slit type linear nozzle 9 is atomized into fine droplets D and deposited into a roll gap defined by two relatively rotating and rapidly cooled twin roll thin strip casting crystallizing rolls 10a, 10b and side closing plates 12a, 12 b. The droplets are solidified on the circumferential surfaces of the crystallization rolls 10a, 10b rotating, and then an aluminum alloy cast strip 15 having a thickness of 2-6mm and a width of 1000-. The diameter of the crystallization rollers 10a and 10b is between 400 and 800mm, and water is introduced for cooling. The casting speed of the casting machine ranges from 20 to 80m/min depending on the thickness of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15.
The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 comes out of the twin-roll strip caster and directly enters the closed chamber 14, the closed chamber 14 is filled with inert gas to protect the aluminum alloy cast strip 15, and the anti-oxidation protection of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is realized, wherein the atmosphere of the anti-oxidation protection can be N 2 Ar, but also other non-oxidising gases, e.g. CO obtained by sublimation of dry ice 2 Gas, etc., the oxygen concentration in the closed chamber 14 is controlled to be<5% closed chamber 14 pairs of aluminium alloyOxidation protection of the gold cast strip 15 is provided to the inlet of the # 1 pinch roll 17. An aluminum alloy cast strip 15 passes through a conveying roller way 20 on a swing guide plate 13, is cooled by a water quenching cooling device 16, enters a No. 1 pinch roller 17, is subjected to head cutting by a flying shear 18, enters a four-roller No. 1 hot rolling mill 19 for hot rolling, the flying shear 18 guides the cut strip head into a waste hopper 26 through a guide plate 25, and the flying shear 18 also has the function of on-line cutting between coils, so that the continuous production can be ensured. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the 1# pinch roll 17 has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
After the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is hot-rolled by a No. 1 hot rolling mill 19, an aluminum alloy thin strip running on a conveying roller way 20 enters an air cooling/water cooling device 21 for cooling, then the aluminum alloy thin strip enters a four-roll No. 2 hot rolling mill 22 for hot rolling again to form a hot-rolled aluminum alloy thin strip of 0.3-4mm, and the rolled aluminum alloy thin strip enters a No. 2 pinch roll 23 and then directly enters a coiling machine 24 for coiling.
The coiling machine 24 adopts a double-coiling mode, and can also adopt a carrousel coiling mode, so that the continuous production of the aluminum alloy thin strip is ensured. The 24 reels of the coiling machine have an automatic centering function so as to ensure good coil shape when the aluminum alloy thin strip is coiled and ensure smooth production.
Referring to fig. 2, in the second embodiment of the present invention, a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip was prepared using a horizontal casting machine.
The smelted aluminum alloy liquid which is designed according to the chemical composition of the invention is led into a standing furnace 3 from a smelting furnace 1 through a launder 2 for standing. The aluminum alloy liquid is conveyed from a standing furnace 3 to a front box 4 through a launder 2, flows into a tundish 7 after degassing 5 and filtering 6, and hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than the melting point of aluminum are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish 7, so that the hard particles with the high melting point are uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid, and the amount of the added hard particles with the high melting point is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid.
After the nano-particle strengthening treatment, the aluminum alloy liquid flows into a slit type linear nozzle 9 from the bottom of a tundish 7 through a water gap 8 and is subjected to high-energy inert gas 11 (such as N) 2 ) Under the action of the nozzle, the aluminum alloy flowing into the slit type linear nozzle 9 is atomized into smallThe droplets D are deposited in a gap defined by two counter-rotating, rapidly cooling twin roll strip casting crystallizers 10a, 10b and side sealing plates 12a, 12 b. The droplets are solidified on the circumferential surfaces of the crystallization rolls 10a, 10b rotating, and then an aluminum alloy cast strip 15 having a thickness of 2-6mm and a width of 1000-. The diameter of the crystallization rollers 10a and 10b is between 400 and 800mm, and water is introduced for cooling. The casting speed of the casting machine ranges from 20 to 80m/min depending on the thickness of the aluminum alloy cast strip 15.
The aluminum alloy casting strip 15 comes out of the twin-roll strip caster and directly enters a closed chamber 14, the closed chamber 14 is filled with inert gas to protect the aluminum alloy casting strip 15, and the anti-oxidation protection of the aluminum alloy casting strip 15 is realized, wherein the atmosphere of the anti-oxidation protection can be N 2 Ar, but also other non-oxidising gases, e.g. CO obtained by sublimation of dry ice 2 Gas, etc., the oxygen concentration in the closed chamber 14 is controlled to be<5 percent, and the closed chamber 14 protects the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 from oxidation to the inlet of the No. 1 pinch roll 17. The aluminum alloy cast strip 15 directly comes out of the upper roller channel 20 of the crystallizing rollers 10a and 10b, is cooled by the water quenching cooling device 16, enters the 1# pinch roller 17, is cut by the flying shear 18, and then enters the four-roller 1# hot rolling mill 19 for hot rolling, the flying shear 18 guides the cut strip head into the waste hopper 26 through the guide plate 25, and the flying shear 18 also has the function of on-line cutting between coils, so that the continuous production can be ensured. In order to ensure that the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 does not deviate and ensure the smooth production, the 1# pinch roll 17 has the functions of deviation rectification and centering.
After the aluminum alloy cast strip 15 is hot-rolled by a No. 1 hot rolling mill 19, an aluminum alloy thin strip running on a conveying roller way 20 enters an air cooling/water cooling device 21 for cooling, then the aluminum alloy thin strip enters a four-roll No. 2 hot rolling mill 22 for hot rolling again to form a hot-rolled aluminum alloy thin strip of 0.3-4mm, and the rolled aluminum alloy thin strip enters a No. 2 pinch roll 23 and then directly enters a coiling machine 24 for coiling.
The coiling machine 24 adopts a double coiling mode and can also adopt a carrousel coiling mode to ensure the continuous production of the aluminum alloy thin strip. The coiling machine 24 has an automatic centering function to ensure good coil shape when the aluminum alloy thin strip is coiled and ensure smooth production.
After coiling, the aluminum alloy strip may be subjected to a series of post-treatment processes, such as solution heat treatment, quenching, artificial aging, and the like. Other processes can be carried out before the post-treatment, including off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, leveling, surface inspection, plate shape inspection, forming and the like, so that the aluminum alloy thin strip reaches the final specification and then is subjected to the post-treatment process.
The chemical components of the aluminum alloy thin strip of the embodiment of the invention are shown in table 1, and the balance of the components is Al and other unavoidable impurities. The technological parameters of the preparation method of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 2, the parameters of the post-treatment process are shown in Table 3, and the properties of the finally obtained aluminum alloy thin strip are shown in Table 4.
In conclusion, the aluminum alloy thin strip manufactured according to the design range and the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy components provided by the invention can realize the yield strength of 530-630MPa, the tensile strength of 620-720MPa and the elongation of 13-16% under the artificial aging condition (T6 state). Compared with the existing 7XXX aluminum alloy, the strength is higher by more than 25%, and the elongation is higher by more than 35%; compared with a steel plate, the steel plate realizes the weight reduction of more than 50 percent.
The aluminum alloy thin strip produced by the invention can be widely applied to the field of aerospace application, such as various airplane fuselages, wing spars, cabin wall plates, high-stress aircraft structural members, airplane skins, high-strength structural parts in airplane rockets and the like, and can provide wide space for high strengthening and light weight of aerospace, energy consumption reduction and fuel economy improvement.
Table 1 units: weight percent of
| Serial number | Zn | Mg | Cu | Zr |
| Example 1 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.14 |
| Example 2 | 5.8 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 0.12 |
| Example 3 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 0.13 |
| Example 4 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.12 |
| Example 5 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.14 |
| Example 6 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 0.11 |
| Example 7 | 6.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.15 |
| Example 8 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 0.13 |
| Example 9 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 0.10 |
| Example 10 | 6.3 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 0.12 |
Claims (16)
1. A preparation method of a 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip by spray casting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) smelting
Smelting according to the following chemical components in percentage by weight: zn: 4.8-6.3%, Mg: 1.6-2.5%, Cu: 1.6-2.5%, Zr: 0.1-0.15%, and the balance of Al and other unavoidable impurities; the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, and the content of total impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
2) nanoparticle reinforcement
Introducing the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a standing furnace for standing, conveying the aluminum alloy liquid to a front box through a runner, degassing, filtering, flowing into a tundish, and adding hard particles with the size of 5 nm-10 mu m and the melting point higher than that of aluminum into the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish, wherein the addition amount of the hard particles is 5-20 wt% of the aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid introduced into the standing furnace is 780-850 ℃, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the tundish is 730-800 ℃;
3) spray deposition, continuous casting
Atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid flowing out of the tundish into fine molten drops by adopting inert gas, depositing the molten drops on the surface of a double roller, and continuously casting a double-roller thin strip to obtain an aluminum alloy casting strip with the thickness of 2-6mm and the width of 1000-2200 mm; the pressure of inert gas is 0.8-2.0MPa, the temperature of the aluminum alloy cast strip is 440-480 ℃, the diameter of a crystallization roller is 400-800mm, water is introduced into the crystallization roller for cooling, and the casting speed of a casting machine is 20-80 m/min;
4) cooling down
The aluminum alloy cast strip is cooled to 380-420 ℃ after coming out of the casting machine through water quenching;
5) first hot rolling
Sending the cooled aluminum alloy cast strip to a rolling mill after pinch roll and crop treatment, and carrying out first hot rolling, wherein the temperature of the first hot rolling is 340-390 ℃, and the reduction rate of the first hot rolling is less than or equal to 50%;
6) cooling and second hot rolling
Air cooling or water cooling the aluminum alloy thin strip after the first hot rolling, then performing the second hot rolling,
the second hot rolling temperature is 250-330 ℃, and the second hot rolling reduction rate is less than or equal to 60%; the thickness of the aluminum alloy thin strip after the second hot rolling is 0.3-4 mm;
7) coiling
Sending the aluminum alloy thin strip subjected to the second hot rolling to a coiler for coiling through a pinch roll, wherein the coiling temperature is 170-280 ℃;
8) post-treatment
And (3) sequentially carrying out solution heat treatment and quenching after the aluminum alloy thin strip is coiled.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the hard particles are TiC, TiN, WC, SiC, B 4 C、Si 3 N 4 And BN.
3. The method of injection casting 7XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 3), the inert gas is one or both of nitrogen and argon.
4. The method of injection casting 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 3), the droplets are in a solid, semi-solid, or liquid state.
5. The method of making thin strip of 7XXX aluminum alloy as specified in claim 1 wherein step 8) is followed by artificial aging.
6. The method for producing the thin strip of 7XXX aluminum alloy according to claim 5, wherein the artificial aging temperature is 100-150 ℃ for 18-28 h.
7. The method for producing a thin strip of 7XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 8), the solution heat treatment temperature is 440-480 ℃ for 50-100 min.
8. The method of injection casting 7XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 8), the quenched aluminum alloy strip is at a temperature of from about room temperature to about 120 ℃.
9. The method of injection casting 7XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein prior to the post-treatment step of step 8), the aluminum alloy strip is further subjected to one or more of off-line cold rolling, tension straightening, trimming, flattening, surface inspection, strip shape inspection, and forming.
10. The method of making thin strip of spray cast 7XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step 3) the spray deposition atomizing nozzle is a slot die linear nozzle.
11. The method of making thin strip of 7XXX aluminum alloy as specified in claim 1 wherein in step 3) the continuous casting is performed using a vertical caster or a horizontal caster.
12. The method of making thin strip of 7XXX aluminum alloy as specified in claim 1 wherein the crystallizing roller is a copper roller and the surface of the crystallizing roller is textured, grooved or embossed during step 3).
13. The method for producing a thin strip of 7XXX aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 12, wherein the surface of the crystallization roll is electro-chromized to a thickness of 0.05-0.10 mm.
14. The method of making a jet cast 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microstructure of the aluminum alloy thin strip is a fine equiaxed matrix structure plus a dispersion of hard particles.
15. The method for preparing the injection-cast 7XXX aluminum alloy thin strip as claimed in claim 1 or 14, wherein the aluminum alloy thin strip can achieve the yield strength of 530-630MPa, the tensile strength of 620-720MPa and the elongation of 13-16% under the artificial aging condition, i.e. T6.
16. The method of injection casting 7XXX aluminum alloy strip as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6), the aluminum alloy strip after the second hot rolling has a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm.
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