CN114106405B - Basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114106405B CN114106405B CN202111409683.2A CN202111409683A CN114106405B CN 114106405 B CN114106405 B CN 114106405B CN 202111409683 A CN202111409683 A CN 202111409683A CN 114106405 B CN114106405 B CN 114106405B
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/34—Chemical features in the manufacture of articles consisting of a foamed macromolecular core and a macromolecular surface layer having a higher density than the core
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material. The basalt tows are directly adopted for preparing the unidirectional tape, so that the complex process of weaving the fiber tows into the cloth and the resource waste are avoided; according to the invention, the interface bonding effect of basalt fibers and polypropylene resin is remarkably improved by using the customized basalt fiber surface treating agent, so that the structural strength of the composite material is greatly improved, and the honeycomb core composite material with optimized performance can be obtained through a simple processing process; the invention adopts the flame-retardant polypropylene honeycomb core, and can directly obtain the honeycomb core composite material with obviously improved flame-retardant performance. In conclusion, the process method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental protection, universality and easiness in popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of light high-strength composite materials, in particular to a basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The application of the light high-strength resin-based composite material is the most main and effective way for realizing light weight of rail transit, weaponry and the like. In addition to being lightweight, materials must also have higher strength, modulus, toughness, fatigue resistance, aging resistance, flame retardancy, and the like. The honeycomb core sandwich structure composite material has large bending rigidity/weight ratio, large bending strength/weight ratio and good sound absorption and heat insulation performance, and is widely applied to the decoration of the outer wall of a high-rise building and the decoration material of the inner top plate of a rail train.
The composite material with the honeycomb core sandwich structure generally comprises a honeycomb core layer, panels, an adhesive and the like, wherein the panels or skins made of high-strength and high-modulus materials are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite material, and a light material with a thicker middle layer is combined to form a whole, so that the two panels or skins keep a certain distance, the inertia moment of a cross section is increased, the bending rigidity of the structural material is improved, and the strength of the material is fully utilized. The core layer material comprises an aramid honeycomb core, a polypropylene honeycomb core, a PE honeycomb core, a PET honeycomb core, a PVC honeycomb core, a PC honeycomb core, a paper honeycomb core, an aluminum honeycomb core and the like. The panel material comprises an aluminum plate, a carbon fiber composite plate, a glass fiber composite plate and the like. On an Italy ETR500 type high-speed train, the inner wall decorative wallboard is a composite material sandwich plate with high specific stiffness (the panel is a glass fiber laminated plate with the surface coated with polytetrafluoroethylene, and the sandwich layer is a paper honeycomb); the Swedish Stockholm subway train floor is of a stainless steel sandwich PMI foam core structure; in recent years, korean high-speed trains have been developed in the application of the m-aramid honeycomb core, and a large amount of m-aramid honeycomb panels have been used; the rail train in China mainly comprises an aluminum alloy structure top plate, a glass fiber reinforced plastic structure top plate and an aluminum honeycomb structure top plate.
The mechanical property of the existing honeycomb sandwich structure is not ideal, for example, the thermosetting skin honeycomb sandwich structure has the problems of poor toughness, poor impact resistance and the like, and the application range of the honeycomb sandwich structure is influenced. The thermoplastic panel or skin has the problem of weak bonding effect of the reinforcing fiber and the resin matrix interface, so that the panel or skin becomes a damage occurrence part of the composite material under the action of load, and the structural strength of a composite material system is seriously reduced. In addition, because the bonding area of the skin and the honeycomb core is very small, the necessary bonding of the skin and the honeycomb core is difficult to ensure, and the degumming and layering are easy to occur, so that the performance and the service life of the product are directly influenced. Furthermore, the core material has the following disadvantages: the aramid honeycomb core sandwich composite material has seriously reduced moisture absorption or water-mechanical properties and can not be repaired; aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite material: the high molecular weight honeycomb has heavier mass, can be subjected to contact corrosion when being used with carbon fibers, has no mechanical memory, and can not be recovered after deformation.
Therefore, the technical problems to be solved by the technical personnel in the field are to provide the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material and the preparation method thereof, which can solve the problems that the existing honeycomb core interlayer composite material is low in structural strength, low in peel strength, and unsatisfactory in comprehensive performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene resin unidirectional tape
1) Soaking basalt long fiber tows in a water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent to carry out surface pretreatment on the fiber tows;
2) Compounding the pretreated basalt fiber tows with a polypropylene resin adhesive film, and performing hot melt pre-impregnation to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced PP unidirectional tape;
(2) Preparation of basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material
(1) Drying the honeycomb core: placing the honeycomb core in an oven, and drying;
(2) layering: the basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene unidirectional tape with the thickness of 0.2-1mm is used as an upper panel and a lower panel, the lower panel, a glue film, a honeycomb core, the glue film and the upper panel are sequentially laid in a mould, and air between the panels and the glue film is evacuated;
(3) preparing a vacuum bag: packaging the laid material by using a vacuum bag film;
(4) and (3) curing: vacuumizing the packaged material obtained in the step (3) to enable the vacuum bag to be completely attached to the material, putting the material into an autoclave, and then heating and boosting the pressure to cure the material;
(5) demoulding: and after the curing is finished, when the natural cooling temperature of the autoclave is reduced to below 60 ℃, releasing the pressure of the autoclave, taking out the material, and demoulding to obtain the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material.
Further, the operation of the preprocessing is as follows: the fiber tows pass through the surface treating agent at the speed of 2-5m/min under the traction of external force.
Further, the main solute structure of the water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent in the step (1) is as follows:
furthermore, the solvent in the water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent is an acetic acid water solution with the mass fraction of 28%; the ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solvent is 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the basalt long fiber tow to the polypropylene resin in the step (1) is 42-72: 58 to 28.
Further, the hot-melt pre-dipping temperature in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃, and the hot-melt pre-dipping transmission speed is 0.5-2 m/min.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: experiments prove that when the mass ratio of the basalt tows to the polypropylene resin is higher than the ratio, the fiber content is too high, the resin matrix cannot realize good bonding to the fibers, and the structural strength of the unidirectional tape is poor; below the above ratio, the resin content is too high, so that the reinforcing effect of the fiber cannot be exhibited. When the hot-melt pre-dipping processing temperature is higher than the range, the polypropylene resin structure is easy to damage, and meanwhile, the viscosity of the resin melt is too low, so that good adhesion to fibers cannot be realized, and the glue content of a composite system is too low; below this temperature range, the resin melt viscosity is too high and the impregnation effect on the fibers is poor, leading to uncontrollable glue content in the composite system. The transmission speed in the pre-dipping processing process is higher than the range, the fiber cannot be fully contacted with the glue film, the interface bonding effect of the composite system is weak, and the structural strength of the composite material is low; below this range, the processing efficiency is low, increasing the manufacturing cost of the composite material.
Further, the honeycomb core in the step (2) is a flame-retardant polypropylene honeycomb core; the density of the honeycomb core is 110-144kg/m 3 Length of cell side2.0-5.0mm and 5-50mm thick.
Furthermore, the drying temperature in the step (1) is 100-120 ℃, and the drying time is 2-16h.
The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme lies in: the drying temperature and time of the honeycomb core are higher than the drying temperature or longer than the drying time, so that the resource waste is caused, and the microstructure of the honeycomb core is easy to damage; below this temperature or shorter than this time, drying is not thorough, and the interfacial adhesion between the upper and lower face sheets and the honeycomb core is reduced
Further, the glue film in the step (2) is a semi-cured epoxy resin glue film and/or a semi-cured phenolic resin glue film, and the areal density of the glue film is 100-200g/m 2
Further, in the step (2), the pressure in the autoclave is 0.1-0.5MPa, the autoclave is heated to 120-160 ℃ at the speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 40-120min to complete curing.
The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme lies in: the pressure of curing in the autoclave is higher than the pressure, which easily causes the pressure between the upper and lower panels and the honeycomb core to be too high, so that the adhesive film is lost, the bonding effect of the composite material interface is reduced, and the honeycomb core is possibly deformed; below this pressure, the adhesion between the upper and lower face sheets and the honeycomb core cannot be secured sufficiently, resulting in weak adhesion and a decrease in peel strength of the composite material. The temperature rise rate has no obvious influence on the processing process of the composite material; the temperature is kept at 120-160 ℃ for 40-120min, the temperature is higher than the temperature or longer than the temperature, the energy consumption is high, and the structure of the adhesive film is easy to damage; below this temperature or shorter than this time, the adhesive film cannot be completely cured to achieve the bonding effect.
Further, in the invention, when the limited temperature is lower than 60 ℃, demolding is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 60 ℃ in the demolding process, and the temperature is higher than the temperature, so that the stress between the upper panel and the lower panel and the honeycomb core is larger, and the peeling strength of the composite material is reduced; when the temperature is lower than the temperature, the time required by cooling is greatly prolonged, and the production efficiency is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The basalt tows are directly adopted for preparing the unidirectional tape, so that the complex process of weaving the fiber tows into the cloth and the resource waste are avoided;
2) According to the invention, the interface bonding effect of basalt fibers and polypropylene resin is remarkably improved by using the customized basalt fiber surface treating agent, so that the structural strength of the composite material is greatly improved, and the honeycomb core composite material with optimized performance can be obtained through a simple processing process;
3) The invention adopts the flame-retardant polypropylene honeycomb core, and can directly obtain the honeycomb core composite material with remarkably improved flame-retardant performance. In conclusion, the process method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, universality and easiness in popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The main solute structure of the water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent in the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the solvent in the water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent is acetic acid aqueous solution; the ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solvent was 1g.
Examples
A preparation method of a basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene resin unidirectional tape
1) Soaking basalt long fiber tows in a water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent to carry out surface pretreatment on the fiber tows; the solvent of the surface treating agent is acetic acid water solution with the mass fraction of 28%;
2) Compounding the pretreated basalt fiber tows with a polypropylene resin adhesive film, and performing hot melting and presoaking to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced PP unidirectional tape;
(2) Preparation of basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material
(1) Drying the honeycomb core: placing the flame-retardant polypropylene honeycomb core in a drying oven, and drying;
(2) layering: the basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene unidirectional tape is used as an upper panel and a lower panel, the lower panel, a glue film, a honeycomb core, the glue film and the upper panel are sequentially laid in a die, and air between the panels and the glue film is evacuated;
(3) preparing a vacuum bag: packaging the laid material by using a vacuum bag film;
(4) and (3) curing: vacuumizing the packaged material obtained in the step (3) to enable the vacuum bag to be completely attached to the material, putting the material into an autoclave, and then heating and boosting the pressure to cure the material;
(5) demoulding: and after the solidification is finished, when the natural cooling temperature of the autoclave is reduced to below 60 ℃, releasing the pressure of the autoclave, taking out the material, and obtaining the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material through demoulding and post-processing.
The corresponding products of examples 1-5 were prepared according to the above protocol and the parameters in table 1.
Table 1 raw material amounts and process parameters for examples 1-5
The basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material prepared in the embodiment 1 has the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance and light weight, and the drum peel strength is 45kN/m, the flat compression strength of 31-72 is 7MPa, the bending strength of 7-14 is 47MPa, and the fireproof performance reaches the v0 standard requirement.
The basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 has the roller peeling strength of 54kN/m, the flat pressing strength of 8.5MPa and the bending strength of 52MPa, and has the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance and light weight, and the fireproof performance reaches the v0 standard requirement.
The basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material prepared in the embodiment 3 has the roller peeling strength of 40kN/m, the flat compression strength of 9.2MPa and the bending strength of 57MPa, has the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance and light weight, and has the fireproof performance meeting the v0 standard requirement.
The basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material prepared in the embodiment 4 has the roller peeling strength of 60kN/m, the flat compression strength of 12MPa, the bending strength of 56MPa, high strength, high temperature resistance and light weight, and the fireproof performance reaches the v0 standard requirement.
The basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material prepared in the embodiment 5 has the roller peeling strength of 72kN/m, the flat compression strength of 14MPa and the bending strength of 59MPa, and has the characteristics of high strength, high temperature resistance and light weight, and the fireproof performance reaches the v0 standard requirement.
The basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material prepared in the above examples 1 to 5 has peel strength indicating the bonding strength between the upper and lower panels and the honeycomb core, and the structural strength of the side reaction composite material, and the larger the numerical value is, the better the performance is; the flat compression strength and the bending strength can directly explain the structural strength of the composite material, and the larger the numerical value is, the larger the structural strength is; the fireproof performance reaches the v0 standard, which shows that the fireproof performance of the composite material is outstanding.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene resin unidirectional tape
1) Soaking basalt long fiber tows in a water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent to carry out surface pretreatment on the fiber tows;
the main solute structure of the water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent is as follows:
2) Compounding the pretreated basalt fiber tows with a polypropylene resin adhesive film, and performing hot melt pre-dipping to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced PP (polypropylene) unidirectional tape, wherein the hot melt pre-dipping temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the hot melt pre-dipping transmission speed is 0.5-2 m/min;
(2) Preparation of basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material
(1) Drying the honeycomb core: placing the honeycomb core in an oven, and drying;
(2) layering: the basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene unidirectional tape is used as an upper panel and a lower panel, the lower panel, a glue film, a honeycomb core, the glue film and the upper panel are sequentially laid in a die, and air between the panels and the glue film is evacuated;
(3) preparing a vacuum bag: packaging the laid material by using a vacuum bag film;
(4) and (3) curing: vacuumizing the material packaged in the step (3) to enable a vacuum bag to be completely attached to the material, putting the material into an autoclave, and then heating and boosting the pressure to cure the material;
(5) demoulding: after solidification is finished, when the natural cooling temperature of the autoclave is reduced to below 60 ℃, decompressing the autoclave, taking out the material, and demoulding to obtain the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material;
the honeycomb core is a flame-retardant polypropylene honeycomb core; the density of the honeycomb core is 110-144kg/m 3 The side length of the meshes is 2.0-5.0mm, and the thickness is 5-50mm;
the glue film in the laying layer in the step (2) is a semi-cured epoxy resin glue film and/or a semi-cured phenolic resin glue film, and the areal density of the glue film is 100-200g/m 2 。
2. The preparation method of the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material according to claim 1, wherein a solvent in the water-soluble polyarylether surface treating agent is an acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 28%; the ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solvent is 1.
3. The preparation method of the basalt fiber-reinforced honeycomb core composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt long fiber tow to the polypropylene resin in the step (1) is 42 to 72:58 to 28.
4. The preparation method of the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature of the drying honeycomb core in the step (2) is 100-120 ℃, and the drying time is 2-16h.
5. The method for preparing the basalt fiber reinforced honeycomb core composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the autoclave in the step (2) is 0.1-0.5MPa, the autoclave is heated to 120-160 ℃ at the speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and the curing is completed after the autoclave is kept for 40-120 min.
6. A basalt fiber-reinforced honeycomb core composite material characterized by being produced by the production method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN116102821A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-05-12 | 重庆泛锐科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene honeycomb plate |
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