CN114105091A - Hydrogen production system and method - Google Patents
Hydrogen production system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114105091A CN114105091A CN202111205647.4A CN202111205647A CN114105091A CN 114105091 A CN114105091 A CN 114105091A CN 202111205647 A CN202111205647 A CN 202111205647A CN 114105091 A CN114105091 A CN 114105091A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents from a hydride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention provides a novel hydrogen preparation method, which comprises the following steps: (A) guiding a fluid reactant to flow along a preset path to the bottom of a reaction space, wherein the preset path is arranged in the reaction space and (B) spraying a reaction liquid to the preset path so that the reaction liquid is contacted with the fluid reactant flowing through the preset path and reacts to generate hydrogen, wherein the fluid reactant contains metal hydride, and the reaction liquid is water or an aqueous solution, wherein the reactants of the hydrogen preparation method provided by the invention are fully reacted, and the pressure for preparing the hydrogen is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen preparation, in particular to a novel system for preparing hydrogen through hydrolysis and a method for preparing hydrogen through hydrolysis.
Background
Hydrogen is an ideal fuel, and has been increasingly regarded by people because of its advantages of high energy density, water generation after reaction with oxygen, zero pollution of products, and regeneration through other ways. Particularly, hydrogen can be used for generating electricity by a fuel cell, and the chemical energy of the hydrogen can be directly converted into electric energy by electrochemical reaction, so that the energy conversion rate is high, the reaction product is zero in pollution, and no harmful substances are generated in the whole energy conversion cycle. Therefore, hydrogen is considered as an attractive clean energy source with potential of replacing traditional fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and the like. However, hydrogen is light in weight, easily diffused, and poorly stable, which causes difficulties in the safe storage and transportation of hydrogen. Both high-pressure gasification transportation and low-temperature liquefaction transportation of hydrogen have high requirements on storage equipment. The lack of a safe and efficient way of storing hydrogen has restricted the utilization of hydrogen energy and the development of related technologies.
Metal hydrides (metal hydrides) are compounds composed of certain metal elements (e.g., alkali metal elements) and hydrogen elements. The metal hydride, such as magnesium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, calcium hydride, cuprous hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, lithium hydride and other ionic metal hydrides have high thermal stability, can rapidly react with water to obtain hydrogen, and the reactant does not contain harmful impurities, can be directly supplied to a fuel cell, and is a very ideal hydrogen storage and supply material. However, the existing technology for rapidly producing hydrogen by using metal hydride has the defects of slow reaction speed, difficult control of reaction speed, continuous reaction of reaction products, too complex reaction system, difficult practical application and the like.
Chinese patent application No. CN 201510012793.3 discloses a hydrogen production apparatus and method, wherein the hydrogen production material is pretreated magnesium hydride particles, and the hydrogen production is controlled by controlling the feeding speed of the magnesium hydride particles into the reactor. The hydrogen production technology disclosed by the invention patent has many defects: firstly, the hydrogen production material adopted by the hydrogen production technical scheme is magnesium hydride particles, and when the magnesium hydride particles react with water, the generated reactant magnesium hydroxide can be accumulated on the surfaces of the magnesium hydride particles to prevent the further reaction of the residual magnesium hydride and the water. Secondly, the pretreatment process of magnesium hydride hardly ensures quality uniformity among magnesium hydride particles, which results in difficulty in controlling the hydrogen production reaction rate of magnesium hydride particles. Again, the reaction rate after contacting the magnesium hydride particles with the magnesium chloride solution is non-linear and has a large fluctuation, resulting in an unstable pressure in the reactor 5. Finally, after the hydrogen production device stops working, the reaction product magnesium hydroxide is easy to remain on the inner wall of the spiral reaction tube 6, and the spiral reaction tube 6 is blocked after continuous accumulation.
Chinese patent application No. CN 202011263772.6 discloses a hydrogen production apparatus and method, wherein the hydrogen production material is magnesium hydride powder wrapped in a wrapping material, and the hydrogen production material is added into a hydrogen production device through a hopper. The hydrogen production technology disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the hydrogen production material can be added according to the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen production equipment, and water generated by the fuel cell is discharged to the hydrogen production device, so that the water generated by the fuel cell is recycled. In addition, the hydrogen storage material magnesium hydride is a powder, which can increase contact with water. However, the hydrogen production technology disclosed in this patent also has a number of drawbacks: firstly, the hydrogen-producing material is wrapped in the wrapping material, and after the hydrogen-producing material is added into the hydrogen production device, the hydrogen-producing material is not completely contacted with reactant water, and the problem that the reaction product generated by the reaction of the hydrogen-producing material and the water prevents the reaction from continuing is not solved. Secondly, the hydrogen production material is wrapped in the coating material to form particles or lumps, and after the particles or lumps are added into the hydrogen production device, the distribution of the particles or lumps is difficult to control uniformly, and the reaction speed is difficult to control stably. Thirdly, the pretreatment process of wrapping the hydrogen production material in the coating material is complex, the homogeneity among magnesium hydride particles or agglomerates is poor, and the feeding of the hydrogen production material is difficult to be accurately controlled. Finally, water-soluble polymers can be made using fast dissolving materials. However, the dissolution of the water-soluble polymer has a process, and the presence of the polymer itself is not favorable for rapid reaction and supply of hydrogen gas, and cannot immediately meet the demand of hydrogen-using equipment such as fuel cells. The above defects easily cause unstable pressure of hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen production device, affect the operation of the fuel cell, and even cause the damage of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The main advantage of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system and method, wherein the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen production system and method is more controllable, the pressure fluctuation of hydrogen gas in the reactor is smaller, and it is advantageous to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen gas.
It is another advantage of the present invention to provide a hydrogen production system and method that is more suitable for supplying hydrogen to a load (e.g., stationary fuel cell power plant, fuel cell backup power supply, etc.) operating at constant power.
Another advantage of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen production system and method in which the reaction of the hydrogen production material with a reaction liquid (e.g., water) is not affected by the reaction product and the reaction of the reactant is more complete, thereby significantly improving the utilization of the hydrogen production material.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention, the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention comprises the steps of:
(A) directing a fluid reactant to flow along a predetermined path toward a bottom of a reaction space, wherein the predetermined path is disposed within the reaction space; and
(B) and spraying a reaction liquid to the preset path so that the reaction liquid is in contact with the fluid reactant flowing through the preset path and reacts to generate hydrogen, wherein the fluid reactant contains metal hydride, and the reaction liquid is water or aqueous solution.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention further provides a hydrogen production system comprising:
a first feed end defining a first fluid outlet;
at least one second feed end defining a second fluid outlet; and
a reactor forming a reaction space, wherein the reaction space has a top and a bottom opposite to the top, wherein the first feeding end is at least partially disposed at the top of the reaction space such that the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end is disposed in the reaction space, the second feeding end is at least partially disposed at the top of the reaction space such that the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end is disposed in the reaction space, wherein a predetermined path is disposed extending from the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end to the bottom of the reaction space, and the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end is disposed opposite to the predetermined path such that a fluid reactant flowing out of the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end can flow along the predetermined path to the bottom of the reaction space, wherein the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end is disposed at an angle toward the predetermined path, so that the reaction liquid ejected from the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end can contact and react with the fluid reactant flowing through the predetermined path.
The above and other advantages of the invention will be more fully apparent from the following description and drawings.
The above and other advantages and features of the present invention will be more fully apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1A is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a reaction liquid of the hydrogen production system shown in the figure is not temporarily sprayed to the fluid reactant.
Fig. 1B is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a reaction liquid of the hydrogen production system shown in the figure is sprayed toward the fluid reactant.
Fig. 2 shows a reactor, a first feed end, and a second feed end of a hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows an alternative implementation of a hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method of hydrogen production according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. Other obvious substitutions, modifications and variations will occur to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the invention should not be limited by the exemplary embodiments described herein.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, unless specifically indicated herein, the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning that "at least one" or "one or more" may mean that, in one embodiment, one element may be present in one number, and in another embodiment, the element may be present in multiple numbers.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that unless otherwise specified herein, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positions illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation or position. Accordingly, the above terms should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, a hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, wherein the hydrogen production system of the present invention comprises a reactor 10, a first feeding end 20 and at least one second feeding end 30, wherein the reactor forms a reaction space 100, the first feeding end 20 forms a first fluid outlet 200, the second feeding end 30 forms a second fluid outlet 300, wherein the reaction space 100 has a top 101 and a bottom 102 opposite to the top 101, wherein the first feeding end 20 is at least partially disposed at the top 101 of the reaction space 100 such that the first fluid outlet 200 of the first feeding end 20 is disposed in the reaction space 100, the second feeding end 30 is at least partially disposed at the top 101 of the reaction space 100 such that the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30 is disposed in the reaction space 100, wherein a predetermined path 103 is disposed to extend from the first fluid outlet 200 of the first feeding end 20 to the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100, and the first fluid outlet 200 of the first feeding end 20 is disposed opposite to the predetermined path 103, so that the fluid reactant 401 flowing out from the first fluid outlet 200 of the first feeding end 20 can flow to the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100 along the predetermined path 103, wherein the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30 is disposed at an angle toward the predetermined path 103, so that the reaction liquid 402 jetted out from the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30 can contact and react with the fluid reactant 401 flowing through the predetermined path 103. In other words, the reaction liquid 402 is sprayed toward the fluid reactant 401 during the process that the fluid reactant 401 flows toward the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100, so that the reaction liquid 402 can contact and react with the fluid reactant 401, and break up the fluid reactant 401. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the fluid reactant 401 is a paste-like mixture containing magnesium hydride, lithium hydride, or other metal hydride, and the reaction liquid 402 is water or an aqueous solution. Preferably, the reaction space 100 is hermetically sealed from the external environment so that hydrogen gas generated by the reaction of the metal hydride in the fluid reactant 401 with water in the reaction liquid 402 is collected and supplied to a hydrogen gas using device, such as a hydrogen fuel cell. Preferably, the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100 of the reactor 10 of the hydrogen production system of the present invention is pre-charged with an appropriate amount of the reaction liquid 402, so that the fluid reactant 401 scattered and dispersed by the reaction liquid 402 and falling into the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100 can continue and sufficiently react with water in the bottom 102, better producing hydrogen. Preferably, the first fluid outlet 200 of the first feeding end 20 of the hydrogen preparation system according to the embodiment of the present invention is located at a higher position than the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30. More preferably, the first fluid outlet 200 of the first feeding end 20 is disposed opposite to the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100, and the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30 is disposed inclined toward the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100. Preferably, the first feeding end 20 of the hydrogen gas preparation system according to the embodiment of the present invention is a duckbill valve or is formed as a self-duckbill valve. Preferably, the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes two symmetrically disposed second feeding ends 30, so that the fluid reactant 401 is more sufficiently contacted with the reaction liquid 402 and is more easily dispersed. More preferably, the two symmetrically disposed second feeding ends 30 of the hydrogen production system of the present invention separately and simultaneously spray the reaction liquid 402 toward the predetermined path 103 (or the fluid reactant 401).
It is noted that the fluid reactant 401 of the hydrogen generation system according to the present invention includes a metal hydride capable of reacting with water to generate hydrogen. Further, the fluid reactant 401 of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a molding material such as ester, so that the fluid reactant 401 is a paste-like fluid. The fluid reactant 401 may also contain a catalytic material having a catalytic reaction function, such as magnesium chloride or zinc chloride. The hydrolysis kinetics of the reaction of metal hydrides such as magnesium hydride with water are poor and magnesium chloride and zinc chloride catalyze the reaction of magnesium hydride with water. A reaction catalyst such as magnesium chloride and/or zinc chloride may be dissolved in the reaction solution 402 to form an aqueous solution. By forming the magnesium hydride, lithium hydride or other metal hydride into a paste-like fluid, the metal hydride can be uniformly dispersed in the paste-like fluid. In addition, the magnesium hydride, the lithium hydride or other metal hydrides are prepared into the pasty fluid, thereby avoiding the difficult problems that the massive metal hydrides are difficult to completely react, the metal hydride powder is difficult to quantitatively add and the metal hydride powder is difficult to add into a reactor, and the distribution of the metal hydride powder is difficult to control due to uneven stress. As described above, the hydrogen production system of the present invention can spray the reaction liquid 402 toward the fluid reactant 401 when the fluid reactant 401 is added to the reaction space 100 of the reactor 10 but has not fallen into the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100. The reaction solution 402 is sprayed to the fluid reactant 401, so that not only can the water contained in the reaction solution 401 contact and react with the fluid reactant 401, but also the fluid reactant 401 can be scattered and dispersed to fall into the water in the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100 and fully react with the water in the bottom 102, and hydrogen is prepared. Therefore, the hydrogen production system of the present invention not only can quantitatively add the fluid reactant 401 to the reaction space 100 of the reactor 10, control the hydrogen production rate, but also can make the metal hydride contained in the fluid reactant 401 sufficiently contact with the water in the reaction liquid 402 and ensure the complete reaction of the metal hydride contained in the fluid reactant 401.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30 of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention is angled toward the predetermined path 103, and the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30 is angled to form a predetermined angle α with the extending direction of the predetermined path 103, wherein the predetermined angle α is not greater than 90 degrees, so as to ensure that the unreacted residual fluid reactant 401, the unreacted residual reaction liquid 402, the solid or liquid reaction product generated by the reaction of the fluid reactant 401 and the reaction liquid 402 all fall down to the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100. Preferably, the predetermined path 103 extends vertically downward from the first fluid outlet 200 to the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100, so that the fluid reactant 401 flows vertically downward from the first fluid outlet 200 to the reaction space 100.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the reactor 10 of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further forms a hydrogen supply opening 104, wherein the hydrogen supply opening 104 is communicated with the reaction space 100, and the hydrogen supply opening 104 is located above the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100. Accordingly, hydrogen gas may be supplied or supplied through the hydrogen supply opening 104.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen supply opening 104 of the reactor 10 of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention is exemplarily communicated with a hydrogen supply pipe 51 so that hydrogen produced in the reactor 10 is delivered to a hydrogen using end, such as a hydrogen fuel cell, through the hydrogen supply pipe 51. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that hydrogen fuel cells place high demands on hydrogen purity. Therefore, when the hydrogen gas produced in the reactor 10 is supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell through the hydrogen supply pipe 51, the reaction space 100 is pre-evacuated to a pressure of not more than-750 mbarg in the reaction space, so as to ensure that the purity of the hydrogen gas produced in the reactor 10 satisfies the use requirements of the fuel cell.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the invention further includes a baffle plate 52, wherein the baffle plate 52 is disposed in the reaction space 100, wherein the baffle plate 52 is disposed between the first feeding end 20 and the second feeding end 30, and the baffle plate 52 is disposed right above the second fluid outlet 300 of the second feeding end 30, so as to prevent the reaction liquid 402 flowing out of the second fluid outlet 300 from flowing in an unintended direction, particularly upward to the first fluid outlet 200. Preferably, the baffle 52 is disposed around the preset path 103. Part of the reaction liquid 402 flowing upward to the first fluid outlet 200 may cause the fluid reactant 401 to react in advance when not completely flowing out of the first fluid outlet 200, and the generated solid reaction product may continuously remain on the first feeding end 20, and long-term accumulation may even block the first fluid outlet 200. More preferably, the baffle 52 is arranged to extend horizontally.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further comprises a pressure sensor 61, wherein the pressure sensor 61 is configured to detect the pressure in the reaction space 100, wherein when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 61 is less than a predetermined pressurization pressure, the flow rate of the fluid reactant 401 is controlled to be increased; when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 61 is greater than a predetermined reduced pressure, which is greater than the predetermined increased pressure, the flow rate of the fluid reactant 401 is decreased.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen preparation system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a liquid level sensor 62, wherein the liquid level sensor 62 is configured to detect a liquid level (or a liquid level height) in the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100, wherein when the liquid level detected by the liquid level sensor 62 is less than a first predetermined liquid level, the reaction liquid 402 is added into the reaction space 100, and when the liquid level detected by the liquid level sensor 62 is greater than a second predetermined liquid level, the amount of the reaction liquid 402 in the reaction space 100 is reduced or the reaction products generated by the hydrolysis of the metal hydride in the reaction space 100 are cleaned. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the second predetermined level is greater than the first predetermined level.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a fluid supply device 71, wherein the fluid supply device 71 includes a fluid pipe 711 and a storage container 712, wherein one end of the fluid pipe 711 is communicated with the storage container 712, and the other end of the fluid pipe 711 is communicated with the first supply end 20, so that the fluid reactant 401 stored in the storage container 712 can be provided to the first supply end 20 through the fluid pipe 711. As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the fluid supply device 71 of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes an extruding mechanism 713, wherein the fluid pipe 711 and the extruding mechanism 713 are respectively disposed at both ends of the storage container 712, and the extruding mechanism 713 is configured to extrude the fluid reactant 401 stored in the storage container 712 so as to be supplied to the first supply end 20 through the fluid pipe 711.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a reaction liquid supply device 72, wherein the reaction liquid supply device 72 includes a liquid pipe 721 and a liquid storage container 722, wherein one end of the liquid pipe 721 is connected to the liquid storage container 722, and the other end of the liquid pipe 721 is connected to the second supply end 30, so that the reaction liquid 402 stored in the liquid storage container 722 can be supplied to the second supply end 30 through the liquid pipe 721. As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, further, the reaction liquid supply device 72 of the hydrogen preparation system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a fluid pump 723, wherein the fluid pump 723 is disposed in the liquid pipe 721, and the fluid pump 723 is configured to pump the reaction liquid 402 stored in the liquid storage container 722 so as to be supplied to the second supply terminal 30 through the liquid pipe 721.
As shown in fig. 1A to 2 of the drawings, the hydrogen gas production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a reactant collecting device 73, wherein the reactant collecting device 73 includes a collecting container 731 and a collecting pipe 732, wherein the collecting pipe 732 communicates with the collecting container 731 and the bottom 102 of the reaction space 100 of the reactor 10, respectively, so that the reactant generated in the bottom 102 can be delivered to the collecting container 731 through the collecting pipe 732. It will be appreciated that the collection vessel 731 can be, but is not limited to, a collection canister, collection box, or waste collection bag, etc.
Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings shows an alternative implementation of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the alternative implementation of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises a reactor 10, a first feeding end 20, a second feeding end 30 and a fluid supply device 71A, wherein the fluid supply device 71A comprises a fluid conduit 711A, a storage container 712A and a partition 713A, wherein one end of the fluid conduit 711A is communicated with the storage container 712A, the other end of the fluid conduit 711A is communicated with the first feeding end 20, and the partition 713A is disposed in the storage container 712A to drive the fluid reactant 401 in the storage container 712A to flow to the first feeding end 20 through the fluid conduit 711A. As shown in fig. 3 of the drawings, the fluid supply device 71A of the hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a distance measuring sensor 714A, wherein the distance measuring sensor 714A is configured to detect the moving distance of the partition 713A relative to the storage container 712A per unit time, so as to obtain the flow rate of the fluid reactant 401 in the storage container 712A to the first feeding end 20 through the fluid pipe 711A per unit time. If the flow rate of the fluid reactant 401 in the storage container 712A per unit time through the fluid conduit 711A to the first feeding end 20 is lower than a predetermined rate, the movement speed of the partition 713A may be controlled to increase by a control module 715A; if the flow rate of the fluid reactant 401 in the storage container 712A per unit time through the fluid conduit 711A to the first feeding end 20 is higher than a predetermined rate, a control module 715A may be used to control the speed of the partition 713A to be decreased. It will be appreciated that the partition 713A may be moved toward the fluid conduit 711A by pneumatic pressure to urge the fluid reactant 401 in the reservoir 712A through the fluid conduit 711A toward the first feed end 20.
As shown in fig. 4 of the drawings, the present invention further provides a hydrogen preparation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
(A) directing a fluid reactant to flow along a predetermined path toward a bottom of a reaction space, wherein the predetermined path is disposed within the reaction space; and
(B) and spraying a reaction liquid to the preset path so that the reaction liquid is in contact with the fluid reactant flowing through the preset path and reacts to generate hydrogen, wherein the fluid reactant contains metal hydride, and the reaction liquid is water or aqueous solution.
Preferably, before the fluid reactant enters the reaction space and reacts with the reaction liquid, the reaction space is vacuumized to ensure and improve the purity of the prepared hydrogen. Preferably, the bottom of the reaction space is charged with an amount of reaction liquid such that the fluid reactant flowing to the bottom of the reaction space is able to react with the reaction liquid and generate hydrogen gas at the bottom. It is understood that the appropriate amount of the reaction solution to be fed to the bottom of the reaction space may be fed in advance or may be fed after a certain period of time from the start of hydrogen production. Preferably, an appropriate amount of the reaction liquid is previously added to the bottom of the reaction space.
Further, in order to ensure that the fluid reactant is reacted with the reaction liquid and broken up at the bottom portion falling into the reaction space, the fluid reactant flows out of and into the reaction space from a first fluid outlet disposed in the reaction space and flows to the bottom portion of the reaction space along the predetermined path; the reaction liquid flows out from a second fluid outlet and is injected to the predetermined path, wherein the second fluid outlet is disposed in the reaction space, and the second fluid outlet is disposed at an angle (or obliquely) toward the bottom of the reaction space. In other words, the second fluid outlet is oriented at a predetermined angle α with respect to the extending direction of the predetermined path, wherein the predetermined angle α is not greater than 90 degrees, so as to ensure that the unreacted residual fluid reactant, the unreacted residual reaction solution, and the solid or liquid reaction product generated by the reaction of the fluid reactant and the reaction solution all fall down to the bottom of the reaction space. Preferably, the fluid reactant flows quantitatively into the reaction space.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4 of the drawings, further, a baffle plate is disposed between the first feeding end and the second feeding end, and the baffle plate is disposed right above the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end to prevent the reaction liquid flowing out from the second fluid outlet from flowing in an unintended direction, especially upward toward the first fluid outlet. More preferably, the baffle is disposed around the preset path.
It is noted that the first and/or second is used herein only to name and distinguish between different components (or elements) of the invention, which do not have a per se meaning of order or number.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the present invention.
All equivalent implementations, modifications and improvements that are within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. A method for producing hydrogen, comprising the steps of:
(A) directing a fluid reactant to flow along a predetermined path toward a bottom of a reaction space, wherein the predetermined path is disposed within the reaction space; and
(B) and spraying a reaction liquid to the preset path so that the reaction liquid is in contact with the fluid reactant flowing through the preset path and reacts to generate hydrogen, wherein the fluid reactant contains metal hydride, and the reaction liquid is water or aqueous solution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction liquid injected to the predetermined path flows out of a second fluid outlet disposed in the reaction space and the second fluid outlet is disposed to be inclined toward the bottom of the reaction space.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid reactant flowing along the predetermined path toward the bottom of the reaction space flows out of and into the reaction space from a first fluid outlet disposed in the reaction space and the first fluid outlet is disposed opposite to the bottom of the reaction space.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the fluid reactant flowing along the predetermined path toward the bottom of the reaction space flows out of and into a first fluid outlet, wherein a baffle plate is disposed above the second fluid outlet to prevent the reaction liquid from flowing away from the bottom of the reaction space, wherein the baffle plate is disposed around the predetermined path.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid reactant flows quantitatively into the reaction space.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein an angle between a direction of the reaction liquid injected and a direction of the fluid reactant flowing into the reaction space is not greater than 90 degrees.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined path extends vertically downward from the first fluid outlet to the bottom of the reaction space to allow the fluid reactant to flow vertically downward from the first fluid outlet to the reaction space.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(X) evacuating the reaction space, wherein the step (X) is prior to the step (a).
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(Y) detecting the pressure in the reaction space, wherein the flow rate of the fluid reactant is increased when the pressure is less than a preset boost pressure, and the flow rate of the fluid reactant is decreased when the pressure is greater than a preset reduced pressure, wherein the preset reduced pressure is greater than the preset boost pressure.
10. The method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, further comprising the step of:
(C) an amount of reaction liquid is supplied to the bottom of the reaction space such that the fluid reactant flowing to the bottom of the reaction space is able to react with the reaction liquid and generate hydrogen gas at the bottom.
11. A hydrogen production system, comprising:
a first feed end defining a first fluid outlet;
at least one second feed end defining a second fluid outlet; and
a reactor forming a reaction space, wherein the reaction space has a top and a bottom opposite to the top, wherein the first feeding end is at least partially disposed at the top of the reaction space such that the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end is disposed in the reaction space, the second feeding end is at least partially disposed at the top of the reaction space such that the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end is disposed in the reaction space, wherein a predetermined path is disposed extending from the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end to the bottom of the reaction space, and the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end is disposed opposite to the predetermined path such that a fluid reactant flowing out of the first fluid outlet of the first feeding end can flow along the predetermined path to the bottom of the reaction space, wherein the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end is disposed at an angle toward the predetermined path, so that the reaction liquid ejected from the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end can contact and react with the fluid reactant flowing through the predetermined path.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the reactor further defines a hydrogen supply opening, wherein the hydrogen supply opening is in communication with the reaction space and the hydrogen supply opening is located above the bottom of the reaction space.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the second fluid outlet of the second feeding end is oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to the extension of the predetermined path, wherein the predetermined angle is not greater than 90 degrees.
14. The system of claim 11, further comprising a baffle plate, wherein the baffle plate is disposed within the reaction space, wherein the baffle plate is disposed between the first feed end and the second feed end, and wherein the baffle plate is disposed directly above the second fluid outlet of the second feed end.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the first fluid outlet of the first feed end is disposed opposite the bottom of the reaction space.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the baffle is disposed around the predetermined path.
17. A system according to claim 11, characterized in that the reaction space is arranged to be sealed from the environment.
18. A system according to claim 11, wherein the second fluid outlet of the second feed end is arranged inclined towards the bottom of the reaction space.
19. A system according to claim 11, wherein the first fluid outlet of the first feed end is located at a higher level than the second fluid outlet of the second feed end.
20. The system of claim 11, comprising two symmetrically disposed second feed ends, wherein the second fluid outlets of the second feed ends are respectively disposed at an angle toward the predetermined path.
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