CN114096499A - 隔离材料及其生产方法 - Google Patents

隔离材料及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN114096499A
CN114096499A CN202080048629.7A CN202080048629A CN114096499A CN 114096499 A CN114096499 A CN 114096499A CN 202080048629 A CN202080048629 A CN 202080048629A CN 114096499 A CN114096499 A CN 114096499A
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solution
water glass
mixture
sodium silicate
rubber particles
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加布里埃拉·赫兰多娃
彼得·什帕涅尔
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First Point Co ltd
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Abstract

一种隔离材料，特别是一种包含水玻璃和橡胶、特别是回收橡胶的渗透性防火隔音材料，由可硬化混合物组成，该混合物含有47至61wt％的橡胶颗粒、30至50wt％的含水硅酸钠、0.1至0.5wt％的水玻璃稳定剂、0.4至1.5wt％的水玻璃硬化剂和2至6wt％的氢氧化铝，橡胶颗粒表面设置有炭黑，该炭黑占总重量的0.1至1wt％。一种用于生产隔离材料的方法，根据该方法，首先将橡胶颗粒与炭黑水溶液混合以涂覆其整个表面，然后在硅酸钠水溶液中加入氢氧化铝并且整体混合以形成隔离混合物，然后将水玻璃稳定剂加入到硅酸钠水溶液中，然后向该溶液中混入水玻璃硬化剂，进一步搅拌该溶液1至10分钟以形成粘合剂溶液，并且在不断搅拌下将隔离混合物加入到粘合剂溶液中并且整体混合，然后将所得混合物倒入应用部位。

Description

隔离材料及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种隔离材料(insulating material，绝缘材料，隔热材料)，特别是一种包含水玻璃和橡胶的渗透性防火隔音材料(permeable fire-proof sound-insulating material)，并且涉及其生产方法。
背景技术
从目前的技术已知一个技术问题，即解决废旧橡胶、特别是废旧充气轮胎的回收利用。
用过的轮胎通常存放在尖端(tips)或通过燃烧液化。这两种方法都不环保。
同样，已知使用橡胶颗粒形式的回收轮胎。例如，这些具有各种粗糙度的颗粒用于汽车工业，在汽车工业中用于生产保险杠、密封件和轮胎。还发现在建筑中用作筑路中沥青的添加剂。进一步的用途是制备操场和运动场的表面，生产平交道口的安全门槛、互锁瓷砖或覆盖物和格栅，它们相对更耐化学磨砂和霜冻。
此外，还有使用粘合橡胶颗粒、或其它塑料泡沫材料和有机聚合物粘合剂的颗粒的材料。这种结合存在许多缺点，其中主要属于易燃性和不稳定性。
从专利申请CZ PV2017-127中已知一种用于建筑的隔音和隔热材料，它由空气硬化混合物中的浆料组成，该混合物含有5至76wt％的比体积质量小于300kg/m3的散装隔热材料、9至36wt％的砖粉部分0.001至1mm、6至30wt％的水玻璃、7至30wt％的水和至多达5wt％的清洁剂。这种材料的缺点是隔热性能较低、可燃性较高且内聚力较小。
另一专利申请CZ PV1990-2151公开了一种具有防火效果的隔热材料，它含有成膜热塑性聚合物的水分散体、水溶胶二氧化硅、惰性矿物填料、来自铁合金的废硅石、膨胀火山水硬玻璃、软木和橡胶颗粒的松散混合物以及水。此处粘合剂是聚合物热塑性水分散体。
缺点是隔离能力较低，并且主要是耐火性较低。从上述当前技术可以清楚地看出，当前技术的主要缺点是已知材料的隔离性能较低，并且它们的耐火性相对较低。
本发明的目的是构造一种隔离材料，该材料将使用回收橡胶(再生橡胶，recycledrubber)和塑料废料，同时具有高耐火性，同时具有柔韧性和可弯曲性并且抗降解。
发明内容
通过一种隔离材料，特别是包含水玻璃和橡胶、特别是回收橡胶的渗透性防火隔音材料，在很大程度上消除了上述缺点并且实现了本发明的目的，根据本发明，其特征在于它由可硬化复合物组成，其含有47至61wt％的橡胶颗粒、30至50wt％的含水硅酸钠(aqueous sodium silicate，硅酸钠水溶液，水性硅酸钠)、0.1至0.5wt％的水玻璃稳定剂、0.4至1.5wt％的水玻璃硬化剂和2至6wt％的氢氧化铝，橡胶颗粒的表面设置有炭黑，该炭黑占总重量的0.1至1wt％。隔离材料的优点是高不燃性和耐热性。
另一个优点是非常好的渗透性和抗真菌作用。然后，一个很大的优点是对所有表面的附着力非常好，以及出色的粘合和密封效果。主要优点是非常好的隔音能力。橡胶颗粒可以有利地由具有相同或相似特性的另一种等效颗粒代替，例如塑料颗粒，则该颗粒的材料例如是泡沫橡胶。使用氢氧化铝的优点是显著提高阻燃性。在橡胶颗粒的表面设置炭黑的优点是如此应用的炭黑降低了热导性，并且炭黑有利地在一定程度上吸收到橡胶颗粒中，从而稳定了其与所得混合物中橡胶颗粒的结合。另一个优点是炭黑作为阻燃助剂。另一个优点是炭黑作为太阳辐射引起的降解过程的阻滞剂。它们捕获常见的氧自由基，从而减缓聚合物的自然降解。水玻璃硬化剂可以是甘油单至三乙酸酯或其混合物。
在一个有利的实施方式中，橡胶颗粒是回收的(recycled，再生的，再循环的)。有利地，回收橡胶颗粒可以由其它塑料泡沫材料代替，例如PUR和PIR泡沫和泡沫橡胶。
还优选水玻璃的稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐。
然后，一个很大的优点是硅酸钠水溶液的密度在1370到1400kg/m3的范围内并且SiO2与Na2O的摩尔比在3.2到3.4的范围内。氧化硅与氧化钠的摩尔质量比以及相关的溶液密度和溶液浓度对作为聚合物混合物的水玻璃的流变性能、对在电解质中的电性能、可压缩性和粘合强度有显著影响，并进一步影响硬度、强度等。上述参数的优点在于，所得隔离材料在固化后是部分柔韧的和可弯曲的。
通过一种用于生产隔离材料的方法，特别是一种用于生产包含水玻璃和橡胶的渗透性防火隔音材料的方法，在很大程度上消除了上述缺点并且实现了本发明的目的，根据本发明，其特征在于首先将橡胶颗粒与炭黑水溶液混合，使其整个表面都被炭黑涂覆，然后加入氢氧化铝并整体混合以形成隔离混合物，然后将水玻璃稳定剂加入到硅酸钠水溶液中，然后将水玻璃硬化剂混合到该溶液中。将该溶液搅拌1至10分钟以形成粘合剂溶液，然后在不断搅拌的同时将隔离混合物倒入粘合剂溶液中，整体混合，然后将所得混合物倒入应用部位(application site，应用位置，施加部位)。优点是可以生产固体产品，如隔离板和配件，并且隔离材料甚至可以在液态下应用。
如果在加入隔离混合物之前将粘合剂溶液预热到大约65℃的温度是非常有利的。在这个温度下，水玻璃与橡胶之间形成弱相互作用，并且形成柔性的强连接。
有利的是，将所得混合物倒入应用部位，其是模具(mould，框架)，并且进一步通过压力机从所得混合物中挤出一定量的粘合剂溶液，以产生所需比例的隔离混合物和粘合剂溶液。优点是可以容易地生产具有精确参数的产品。
还有利的是，最终使所得混合物静置直至硬化。优点是可以根据隔离空间的形状参数精确地创建所得隔离，事实上，由于可以调节硬化的长度这一事实，隔离材料可以精确地成型为所需的形状。
根据本发明的隔离材料及其生产方法的主要优点是，与使用回收橡胶或回收泡沫材料的先前已知的隔离材料相比，它具有明显更好的隔离性能和更高的耐火性，可渗透蒸汽、耐雨水和防潮、抗真菌、柔韧、抗诸如UV辐射等外部影响。另一个优点是应用方法简单。可以从隔离材料制造覆层板和配件，并且可以通过拉伸、浇铸和喷涂容易地将其作为液体混合物应用。因此，隔离材料适用于地板和天花板、水平和略微倾斜的屋顶。优点是硬化后的硅酸钠能有效地反射火焰，并且由于它具有负燃烧热，因此有效地减少了它所在的每种混合物的燃烧。它完美地涂覆了橡胶颗粒并保护它免受火灾。
与使用矿棉或聚苯乙烯板的隔离不同，它很好地应用于难以触及的地方和表面的粗糙边缘。它对各种基材具有良好的附着力，包括梯形和折叠片材、石棉水泥或沥青，这些基材通常用于屋顶。同时，隔离材料足够坚固，还可以在其上行走。根据本发明的隔离材料相对于现有材料的一大优点还在于可以将板和液体混合物结合。与锚固传统聚苯乙烯板相关的问题之一是填补板与销钉周围孔之间的接缝。由于用液体形式的隔离材料填补这些间隙和开口的可能性，非常容易和快速地创建没有热桥的均匀表面。一个很大的优势还在于，液态混合物形式的半成品隔离材料可以用作例如电器、电气技术、汽车等工业中的隔离衬里。
具体实施方式
本发明的性能实施例
实施例1
渗透性防火隔音材料由可硬化混合物组成，该混合物含有54wt％的回收橡胶颗粒、40wt％的含水硅酸钠、0.3wt％的水玻璃稳定剂、4wt％的氢氧化铝和1.2wt％的水玻璃硬化剂。
橡胶颗粒表面设置有炭黑，该炭黑占总重量的0.5wt％。
水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
硅酸钠水溶液的密度在1380kg/m3范围内，并且SiO2与Na2O的摩尔比在3.3范围内。
水玻璃硬化剂是纯二乙酸甘油酯/三乙酸甘油酯按体积份7:3比例的混合物，相对于纯水玻璃的浓度为3wt％。
根据制造透气阻燃隔音材料的方法，首先将橡胶颗粒与具有25wt％炭黑浓度的水溶液混合，使其整个表面都被炭黑涂覆，加入氢氧化铝并且整体混合以形成隔离混合物，并且在硅酸钠溶液中加入水玻璃稳定剂，然后在该溶液中混入水玻璃硬化剂，然后将该溶液搅拌3分钟以形成粘合剂溶液，将其预热至65℃，将隔离混合物进一步倒入粘合剂溶液中，将所得混合物进一步倒入硅桐模具中，并且将所得混合物进一步从压力机中挤压出这样的量的粘合剂溶液以产生所需比例的隔离混合物与粘合剂溶液。
所得产品是隔离板或隔离配件。
实施例2
渗透性防火隔音材料由可硬化混合物组成，该混合物含有61wt％的回收橡胶颗粒、30wt％的含水硅酸钠、0.1wt％的水玻璃稳定剂、6wt％的氢氧化铝和1.5wt％的水玻璃硬化剂。
橡胶颗粒表面设置有炭黑，该炭黑占总重量的1wt％。
水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
硅酸钠水溶液具有在1400kg/m3范围内的密度和在3.4范围内的SiO2与Na2O的摩尔比。
水玻璃硬化剂是纯二乙酸甘油酯/三乙酸甘油酯按体积份7:3比例的混合物，相对于纯水玻璃的浓度为5wt％。
根据制造透气阻燃隔音材料的方法，首先将橡胶颗粒与具有25wt％炭黑浓度的水溶液混合，使其整个表面都被炭黑涂覆，加入氢氧化铝并且整体混合以形成隔离混合物，和在硅酸钠溶液中加入水玻璃稳定剂，然后在该溶液中混入水玻璃硬化剂，然后将该溶液搅拌10分钟以形成粘合剂溶液，将其预热至65℃，并且将隔离混合物进一步混入粘合剂溶液中，再将所得混合物倒入硅酮模具中，再将所得混合物从压力机中挤压出这样的量的粘合剂溶液以产生所需比例的隔离混合物与粘合剂溶液。
最后，使所得混合物静置直至硬化。
所得产品是隔离配件。
实施例3
渗透性防火隔音材料由可硬化混合物组成，该混合物含有47wt％的回收橡胶颗粒、50wt％的含水硅酸钠、0.5wt％的水玻璃稳定剂、2wt％的氢氧化铝和0.4wt％的水玻璃硬化剂。
橡胶颗粒的表面设置有炭黑，该炭黑占总重量的0.1wt％。
水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐，为98％的N,N,N',N'-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺水溶液的形式。
硅酸钠水溶液具有在1370kg/m3范围内的密度和在3.2范围内的SiO2与Na2O的摩尔比。
水玻璃硬化剂是纯二乙酸甘油酯/三乙酸甘油酯按体积份7:3比例的混合物，相对于纯水玻璃的浓度为0.8wt％。
根据制造透气阻燃隔音材料的方法，首先将橡胶颗粒与具有25wt％炭黑浓度的水溶液混合，使其整个表面都被炭黑涂覆，加入氢氧化铝并整体混合以形成隔离混合物，和在硅酸钠溶液中加入水玻璃稳定剂，然后在该溶液中混入水玻璃硬化剂，然后将该溶液搅拌1分钟以形成粘合剂溶液，将其预热至65℃，并且将隔离混合物进一步混入粘合剂溶液中，将所得混合物进一步倒入平坦的分隔阁楼空间的应用部位，铺展，表面处理并静置直至硬化。
工业应用
根据本发明的隔离材料可特别用于在建筑工业中创建渗透性防火隔音***。

Claims (9)

1.一种隔离材料，尤其是包含水玻璃和橡胶、特别是回收橡胶的渗透性防火隔音材料，其特征在于所述材料由可硬化混合物组成，所述可硬化混合物含有47至61wt％的橡胶颗粒、30至50wt％的含水硅酸钠、0.1至0.5wt％的水玻璃稳定剂、0.4至1.5wt％的水玻璃硬化剂和2至6wt％的氢氧化铝，所述橡胶颗粒的表面设置有炭黑，所述炭黑占总重量的0.1至1wt％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的隔离材料，其特征在于所述橡胶颗粒是回收的。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔离材料，其特征在于所述水玻璃稳定剂是亲水性烷氧基烷基铵盐。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔离材料，其特征在于硅酸钠水溶液具有在1370至1400kg/m3范围内的密度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的隔离材料，其特征在于硅酸钠水溶液具有在3.2至3.4范围内的SiO2与Na2O的摩尔比。
6.一种用于生产根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的隔离材料的方法，所述方法特别是用于生产包含水玻璃和橡胶的渗透性防火隔音材料的方法，其特征在于首先将所述橡胶颗粒与炭黑水溶液混合以涂覆所述橡胶颗粒的整个表面，然后向硅酸钠水溶液中加入氢氧化铝并且整体混合以形成隔离混合物；然后将水玻璃稳定剂加入到硅酸钠水溶液中，然后向该溶液中混入水玻璃硬化剂，将该溶液进一步搅拌1至10分钟以形成粘合剂溶液；以及在不断搅拌下将所述隔离混合物添加到所述粘合剂溶液中并且整体混合，然后将所得混合物倒入应用部位。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于生产隔离材料的方法，其特征在于在添加所述隔离混合物之前，将所述粘合剂溶液预热至65℃的温度。
8.根据权利要求6和7所述的用于生产隔离材料的方法，其特征在于将所得混合物倒入应用部位，所述应用部位为模具，并且进一步地通过压力机从所得混合物中挤出这样的量的粘合剂溶液，使得获得所需比例的隔离混合物和粘合剂溶液。
9.根据权利要求6和7中任一项所述的用于生产隔离材料的方法，其特征在于最终将所得混合物静置直至硬化。
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CA3140937A1 (en) 2021-01-14
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