CN114088972A - Ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring system and method based on phase double-frequency method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring system and method based on phase double-frequency method Download PDFInfo
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- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring system and method based on a phase double-frequency method, and belongs to the technical field of wind speed and direction detection. The ultrasonic probe comprises four ultrasonic probes, a transmitting module, a receiving module, a transmitting analog switch module, a receiving analog switch module, an AD sampling module, a microprocessor module and a communication module. The method has the advantages that the measurement range is widened, the selection range of the frequency difference is based on the length of time delay when the phase angle is corrected, the measurement precision can be improved as long as the wind speed within the frequency deviation range of the ultrasonic probe is met, the error influence caused by the uncertain n value during phase measurement is solved, and the influence of the environment temperature and humidity on the measurement result is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind speed and direction detection, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring system and method based on a phase-double-frequency method.
Background
Wind is an active meteorological element, and measurement of wind speed and wind direction has important influence on aspects of space flight and aviation, navigation, traffic, military, power generation and the like. In the field of aerospace, the wind shear of low altitude has a great influence on the safe takeoff and safe landing of an airplane; in the field of navigation, the safety problem needs to be ensured by accurately measuring the wind speed and the wind direction near a ship; in the aspect of traffic, the wind speed and the wind direction need to be monitored in real time on the whole railway running line; in the military field, the running track of the cannonball can be deviated due to low wind speed; in the aspect of power generation, at the beginning of the design of a wind power generation system, a designer should select a corresponding fan according to historical data of wind speed and wind direction of a target site. Therefore, the significance of accurately measuring the wind speed and the wind direction is great.
In the wind speed and direction measurement technology, common instruments include a cup-shaped anemometer, a heat-sensitive anemometer, an ultrasonic anemometer and the like. The cup-shaped anemometer is simple to use, but has large friction and is only suitable for high wind speed measurement; the heat-sensitive anemometer has higher precision, but is greatly influenced by temperature and is only suitable for low wind speed measurement; the supersonic anemometer has the advantages of wide measurement range, high measurement precision, simple structure, vibration resistance and the like, and becomes the mainstream development direction of the current anemometer.
At present, most of ultrasonic wind measurement methods adopt a direct time difference method or an indirect time difference method, while the indirect time difference method adopts a phase difference method if more methods are used, but the phase difference method is limited in application due to the problem of period determination of phase angles in phase measurement, which is the defect of the existing phase difference method in measuring wind speed and wind direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring system and method based on a phase double-frequency method, and aims to solve the problem of phase angle period determination of an existing ultrasonic wind measuring system based on a phase difference method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: including four ultrasonic probe, emission module, receiving module, transmission analog switch module, receive analog switch module, AD sampling module, microprocessor module and communication module, wherein four ultrasonic probe adopt the quadrature to be arranged, four ultrasonic probe connect the output of transmission analog switch module and receive analog switch's input, the input of transmission analog switch module links to each other with emission module's output, emission module's input links to each other with microprocessor module, receiving analog switch module's output links to each other with receiving module's input, receiving module's output is connected to AD sampling module's input, AD sampling module's output links to each other with microprocessor module, microprocessor module links to each other with communication module, be used for outputting measured wind speed and wind direction angle and receipt control command.
An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring method based on a phase double-frequency method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: after the system is powered on, initializing each module;
step two: after initialization is completed, the micro-processing module controls the transmitting analog switch module to sequentially gate four ultrasonic probes as transmitting probes, and each transmitting probe sequentially transmits two ultrasonic waves with different frequencies:
s1(t)＝A sinω1t
s2(t)＝A sinω2t
in the formula: a is the amplitude of the transmitted ultrasonic wave, omega1For the first transmitted ultrasonic frequency, omega2For the second transmitted ultrasonic frequency, omega1>ω2：
Meanwhile, the receiving analog switch module is controlled to gate the ultrasonic probe opposite to the transmitting probe as the receiving probe, wherein each gated receiving probe receives twice, and because the measuring process is short, the wind speed in the measuring process can be considered to be unchanged, so that the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves transmitted twice is the same, and the signals received twice are respectively as follows:
in the formula: b is the amplitude of the received ultrasonic wave, tau is the time of ultrasonic wave propagation, and the frequency is omega1Phase angle of received ultrasonic wave
Frequency of omega2Phase angle of received ultrasonic wave
Transmitting the received signals to an AD sampling module for analog-to-digital conversion, transmitting the conversion result to a microprocessor module for storage, and obtaining eight groups of digital receiving signals;
step three: estimating the phase by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm, and solving the problem of determining the period of the estimated phase by adopting a double-frequency method to obtain four ultrasonic propagation time estimated values: propagation time delta t of ultrasonic wave in downwind direction in north and south directions1Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic wave in the upwind direction in the south and north2Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic waves in downwind in east-west directions3Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic waves against the wind in the east-west direction4；
Step four: two orthogonal sets of wind speed components can be obtained according to the relative time difference method:
wherein v is1Is the component of the wind speed in the north-south direction, v2Is the wind velocity component in the north-south direction;
step five: the actual wind speed obtained by orthogonal vector synthesis is:
the wind direction angle is:
step six: outputting the wind speed and the wind direction angle obtained in the step five through a communication module, then returning to the step two, and circularly obtaining the wind speed and the wind direction angle at different moments.
In the third step of the invention, when the wind is downwind in the north-south direction, the specific algorithm is as follows:
for any group of transmitting signals and receiving signals in the north-south direction, the cross-correlation operation is carried out to obtain the following results:
in the formula: e [. C]It is shown that it is desirable to,
is the ultrasonic signal received under the condition of downwind in the north-south direction,
i is 1,2 is the phase angle of the received signal;
two signals with 90 DEG phase shift of the transmitted signal are generated in the microprocessor module, and the signals are cross-correlated with the received signal again to obtain:
in the formula: s'i(t)＝Acosωit, i is 1,2 is the signal generated after the two transmitted signals are phase-shifted by 90 °;
because the period determination problem exists in both the sin function and the cos function in the actual calculation, the period determination problem exists in the actual calculation
The values are expressed as:
in the formula: theta1And theta2Respectively representing frequency omega1Is omega2And the phase angle of the received ultrasonic wave is between 0 and 2 pi;
wherein, theta1And theta2Can pass through
i is 1, 2.
Thus, it is possible to provide
θ1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1-2(n1-n2)π
Due to | theta1-θ2|<2 π, so n1-n2Belonging to non-negative integers, so only a limitation of (ω)1-ω2)△t<2π，△t＝△t1or△t2or△t3or△t4Can be corrected by correcting theta1-θ2The value of (a) eliminates the influence of the value of the period n, at which time theta1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1,(θ1-θ2>0) Or theta1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1-2π,(θ1-θ2<0) Wherein the corrected angle difference (theta)1-θ2) The value of' is:
the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is:
in step three of the present invention, for Δ t and the defined condition (ω)1-ω2)△t<2 pi, setting the distance between any two opposite ultrasonic probes as L, the sound velocity as C, and the maximum values of the wind speed components of the measured wind speed in the north-south direction and the east-west direction as vmaxAccording to the time difference method and the inequality principle, at this time
Therefore, it is
As long as the wind speed of the inequality is satisfied, it can be measured effectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. wide measuring range
Compared with the traditional phase wind measuring method, the measuring method provided by the invention widens the measuring range to a certain extent. In the correction of the phase angle, the frequency difference is selected in a range that is based on the length of the time delay (essentially the size of the measured wind speed), i.e. for defined conditions
The wind speed within the frequency deviation range of the ultrasonic probe can be effectively measured.
2. The measurement precision is high
Compared with the traditional phase wind measuring method, the measuring method provided by the invention improves the measuring precision to a certain extent. The phase-double frequency method solves the error influence caused by the uncertain n value in phase measurement, and simultaneously eliminates the influence of environment temperature and humidity on the measurement result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic sensor arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of the measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a composite wind speed and direction vector diagram of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1,2, and 5: comprises four ultrasonic probes 1, a transmitting module 2, a receiving module 3, a transmitting analog switch module 4, a receiving analog switch module 5, an AD sampling module 6, a microprocessor module 7 and a communication module 8, wherein four ultrasonic probe 1 adopt the quadrature arrangement, four ultrasonic probe 1 connect the output of transmission analog switch module 4 and receive analog switch 5's input, the input of transmission analog switch module 4 links to each other with transmitting module 2's output, transmitting module 2's input links to each other with microprocessor module 7, receive analog switch module 5's output and receiving module 3's input and link to each other, receiving module 3's output is connected to AD sampling module 6's input, AD sampling module 6's output links to each other with microprocessor module 7, microprocessor module 7 links to each other with communication module 8, be used for outputting measured wind speed and wind direction angle and receiving control command.
An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring method based on a phase double-frequency method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and after the system is powered on, initializing each module.
Step two: after the initialization is completed, the micro-processing module 7 controls the transmitting analog switch module 4 to gate the four ultrasonic probes 1 in sequence as transmitting probes, and each transmitting probe transmits two ultrasonic waves with different frequencies in sequence:
s1(t)＝A sinω1t
s2(t)＝A sinω2t
in the formula: a is the amplitude of the transmitted ultrasonic wave, omega1For the first transmitted ultrasonic frequency, omega2For the second transmitted ultrasonic frequency, omega1>ω2：
Meanwhile, the receiving analog switch module 5 is controlled to gate the ultrasonic probe 1 opposite to the transmitting probe as a receiving probe, wherein each gated receiving probe receives twice, and because the measuring process is short, the wind speed in the measuring process can be considered to be unchanged, the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves transmitted twice is the same, so the signals received twice are respectively:
in the formula: b is the amplitude of the received ultrasonic wave, tau is the time of ultrasonic wave propagation, and the frequency is omega1Phase angle of received ultrasonic wave
Frequency of omega2Phase angle of received ultrasonic wave
Transmitting the received signals to an AD sampling module 6 for analog-to-digital conversion, transmitting the conversion result to a microprocessor 7 module for storage, and obtaining eight groups of digital receiving signals;
step three: the phase is estimated by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm, and the problem of determining the period of the estimated phase is solved by adopting a double-frequency method, so that four ultrasonic propagation time estimated values shown in figure 3 can be obtained: propagation time delta t of ultrasonic wave in downwind in north-south direction1Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic wave in the upwind direction in the south and north2Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic waves in downwind in east-west directions3Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic waves against the wind in the east-west direction4；
The concrete method is as follows (taking the north-south direction downwind as an example):
for any group of transmitting signals and receiving signals in the north-south direction, the cross-correlation operation is carried out to obtain the following results:
in the formula: e [. C]It is shown that it is desirable to,
is the ultrasonic signal received under the condition of downwind in the north-south direction,
i is 1,2 is the phase angle of the received signal;
in order to solve the problem that the amplitudes of the transmitted ultrasonic wave and the received ultrasonic wave are different, two signals of which the phase of the transmitted signal is shifted by 90 degrees are generated in a microprocessor module, and the signals and the received signals are subjected to cross-correlation operation again to obtain:
in the formula: s'i(t)＝Acosωit, i is 1,2 is the signal generated after the two transmitted signals are phase-shifted by 90 °;
because both the sin function and the cos function have the problem of period determination in actual calculation, the period determination method has the advantages of high accuracy, high accuracy and low cost
The values are expressed as:
in the formula: theta1And theta2Respectively representing frequencies omega1Is omega2And the phase angle of the received ultrasonic waves is between 0 and 2 pi;
wherein, theta1And theta2Can pass through
i is 1, 2.
Thus, it is possible to provide
θ1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1-2(n1-n2)π
Due to | theta1-θ2|<2 π, so n1-n2Belonging to non-negative integers, so only a limitation of (ω)1-ω2)△t<2 pi (where Δ t ═ Δ t)1or△t2or△t3or△t4The value determined by the maximum of the wind speed components of the measured wind speed in the north-south direction and in the east-west direction, as described in more detail below), may be corrected by correcting for θ1-θ2The value of (c) eliminates the influence of the period (n value), at this time, θ1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1,(θ1-θ2>0) Or theta1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1-2π,(θ1-θ2<0) Wherein the corrected angle difference (theta)1-θ2) The value of' is:
the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is:
for where Δ t and the defined condition (ω)1-ω2)△t<2 pi, setting the distance between any two opposite ultrasonic probes as L, the sound velocity as C, and the maximum values of the wind speed components of the measured wind speed in the north-south direction and the east-west direction as vmaxAccording to the time difference method and the inequality principle, at this time
Therefore, it is
As long as the wind speeds of the inequality are satisfied, the wind speed can beAnd (5) measuring the effect.
Step four: as shown in fig. 4, two orthogonal sets of wind speed components can be obtained according to the relative time difference method:
wherein v is1Is the component of the wind speed in the north-south direction, v2Is the wind velocity component in the north-south direction;
step five: the actual wind speed obtained by orthogonal vector synthesis is:
the wind direction angle is:
step six: outputting the wind speed and the wind direction angle obtained in the step five through a communication module 8, and then returning to the step two, so that the wind speed and the wind direction angle at different moments are obtained in a circulating manner.
The experimental conditions are as follows:
| ultrasonic frequency 1(KHz) | 39.25 |
| Ultrasonic frequency 2(KHz) | 38.25 |
The experimental results are as follows:
| standard wind speed (m/s) | 2.2 | 5 | 10 | 20 |
| Measured value (m/s) | 2.21 | 5.04 | 9.95 | 20.14 |
| Error (m/s) | 0.01 | 0.04 | -0.05 | 0.14 |
| Wind direction angle measurement (°) | 34.74 | 35.56 | 34.58 | 36.47 |
Therefore, the measuring precision of the invention is effectively improved.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic wave wind speed and direction measurement system based on phase place dual-frenquency method which characterized in that: including four ultrasonic probe, emission module, receiving module, transmission analog switch module, receive analog switch module, AD sampling module, microprocessor module and communication module, wherein four ultrasonic probe adopt the quadrature to be arranged, four ultrasonic probe connect the output of transmission analog switch module and receive analog switch's input, the input of transmission analog switch module links to each other with emission module's output, emission module's input links to each other with microprocessor module, receiving analog switch module's output links to each other with receiving module's input, receiving module's output is connected to AD sampling module's input, AD sampling module's output links to each other with microprocessor module, microprocessor module links to each other with communication module, be used for outputting measured wind speed and wind direction angle and receipt control command.
2. An ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring method based on a phase double-frequency method by using the measuring system of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and after the system is powered on, initializing each module.
Step two: after initialization is completed, the micro-processing module controls the transmitting analog switch module to sequentially gate four ultrasonic probes as transmitting probes, and each transmitting probe sequentially transmits two ultrasonic waves with different frequencies:
s1(t)＝Asinω1t
s2(t)＝Asinω2t
in the formula: a is the amplitude of the transmitted ultrasonic wave, omega1For the first transmitted ultrasonic frequency, omega2For the second transmitted ultrasonic frequency, omega1>ω2：
Meanwhile, the receiving analog switch module is controlled to gate the ultrasonic probe opposite to the transmitting probe as the receiving probe, wherein each gated receiving probe receives twice, and because the measuring process is short, the wind speed in the measuring process can be considered to be unchanged, so that the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves transmitted twice is the same, and the signals received twice are respectively as follows:
in the formula: b is the amplitude of the received ultrasonic wave, tau is the time of ultrasonic wave propagation, and the frequency is omega1Phase angle of received ultrasonic wave
Frequency of omega2Phase angle of received ultrasonic wave
Transmitting the received signals to an AD sampling module for analog-to-digital conversion, transmitting the conversion result to a microprocessor module for storage, and obtaining eight groups of digital receiving signals;
step three: estimating the phase by adopting a cross-correlation algorithm, and solving the problem of determining the period of the estimated phase by adopting a double-frequency method to obtain four ultrasonic propagation time estimated values: propagation time delta t of ultrasonic wave in downwind in north-south direction1Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic wave in the upwind direction in the south and north2Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic waves in downwind in east-west directions3Propagation time Deltat of ultrasonic waves against the wind in the east-west direction4；
Step four: two orthogonal sets of wind speed components can be obtained according to the relative time difference method:
wherein v is1Is the component of the wind speed in the north-south direction, v2Is the wind velocity component in the north-south direction;
step five: the actual wind speed obtained by orthogonal vector synthesis is:
the wind direction angle is:
step six: outputting the wind speed and the wind direction angle obtained in the step five through a communication module, and then returning to the step two, so that the wind speed and the wind direction angle at different moments are obtained in a circulating manner.
3. The ultrasonic wind speed and direction measuring method based on the phase double-frequency method is characterized in that when the wind is downwind in the north-south direction in the third step, the specific algorithm is as follows:
for any group of transmitting signals and receiving signals in the north-south direction, the cross-correlation operation is carried out to obtain the following results:
in the formula: e [. C]It is shown that it is desirable to,
is the ultrasonic signal received under the condition of downwind in the north-south direction,
is the phase angle of the received signal;
two signals with 90 DEG phase shift of the transmitted signal are generated in the microprocessor module, and the signals are cross-correlated with the received signal again to obtain:
in the formula: s'i(t)＝Acosωit, i is 1,2 is the signal generated after the two transmitted signals are phase-shifted by 90 °;
due to the fact that the sin function andthe cos functions all have a period determination problem, and therefore
The values are expressed as:
in the formula: theta1And theta2Respectively representing frequency omega1Is omega2And the phase angle of the received ultrasonic waves is between 0 and 2 pi;
wherein, theta1And theta2Can pass through
And (6) obtaining.
Thus, it is possible to provide
θ1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1-2(n1-n2)π
Due to | theta1-θ2|<2 π, so n1-n2Belonging to non-negative integers, so only a limitation of (ω)1-ω2)△t<2π，△t＝△t1or△t2or△t3or△t4Can be corrected by correcting theta1-θ2The value of (a) eliminates the influence of the value of the period n, at which time theta1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1,(θ1-θ2>0) Or theta1-θ2＝(ω1-ω2)△t1-2π,(θ1-θ2<0) Wherein the corrected angle difference (theta)1-θ2) The value of' is:
the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave is:
4. the ultrasonic anemometry method based on the phase dual-frequency method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third step, for Δ t and the defined condition (ω)1-ω2)△t<2 pi, setting the distance between any two opposite ultrasonic probes as L, the sound velocity as C, and the maximum value of the wind speed components of the measured wind speed in the north-south direction and the east-west direction as vmaxAccording to the time difference method and the inequality principle, at this time
Therefore, it is
As long as the wind speed of the inequality is satisfied, it can be measured effectively.
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| CN115616245A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-17 | 吉林大学 | Alpha stable distributed noise resistant ultrasonic wind measurement system and method |
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