CN114088050A - Steel tower installation and measurement method - Google Patents
Steel tower installation and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114088050A CN114088050A CN202111342408.3A CN202111342408A CN114088050A CN 114088050 A CN114088050 A CN 114088050A CN 202111342408 A CN202111342408 A CN 202111342408A CN 114088050 A CN114088050 A CN 114088050A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/24—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders using a parallactic triangle with fixed angles and a base of variable length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/26—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders using a parallactic triangle with fixed angles and a base of variable length, at, near, or formed by the object
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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Abstract
The invention relates to a steel tower installation and measurement method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: calculating the deviation value between the actual coordinate and the theoretical coordinate of the central point of the installed steel tower segment; calculating a meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment according to an initial coordinate of a positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment before the steel tower segment to be installed is hoisted and an actual coordinate of the positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment after the steel tower segment to be installed is hoisted; correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms on the steel tower segment to be installed according to the deviation value and the meteorological environment error value to respectively obtain corrected coordinates of the two first prisms; calculating a deviation value between the corrected coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the two first prisms; and adjusting the steel tower segment to be installed according to the deviation value to enable the steel tower segment to be installed to move in place, so that the steel tower installation and measurement can be carried out in all weather and the installation and measurement accuracy is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction measurement, in particular to a steel tower installation measurement method.
Background
At present, a steel tower is one of main structural forms of a cable-stayed bridge tower pier, the construction of a steel tower pier body generally adopts sectional hoisting installation one by one, after an installed section is completed, the section to be installed is hoisted and installed in a matched mode with the installed section, bolting or welding is adopted among the sections, the height of each section is 4-6 m, and the general steel tower is constructed by 10-30 sections or even more than 40 sections. The steel tower installation measurement accuracy requires highly, plane installation accuracy requires 2mm, the horizontal bridge is 1/4500 (to the inboard slope) to the top surface gradient, is less than 1/6000 to the top surface gradient along the bridge, the steel tower is influenced by external environment sunshine, the difference in temperature, strong wind etc. easily and takes place that the plane twists reverse and vertical slope warp, along with the steel tower mounting height increases, the deflection is bigger, so the steel tower installation measurement degree of difficulty is big, generally at breeze, no sunshine, install the measurement operation under the steel tower balanced state that the difference in temperature is little. However, with the progress of construction equipment and construction technology and the improvement of construction efficiency, the requirement of all-weather operation is provided for the installation and measurement of the steel tower, which brings great challenges to the installation and measurement of the steel tower.
In the related art, the section of the steel tower is small relative to a concrete bridge tower pier, the operation surface of the tower top is narrow, the steel tower structure generally does not allow temporary facilities such as a welding measuring platform and the like, and a total station is difficult to erect on the tower top for installation and measurement operation. Traditionally, a polar coordinate measuring method of a ground total station is generally adopted for mounting and measuring a steel tower, namely, the total station is erected on a known control point on the ground when the steel tower is in a balanced state of breeze, no sunshine and small temperature difference, then the polar coordinate measuring method is adopted for measuring a prism of a prism rod erected on a characteristic point at a ring opening of a section of the steel tower to be measured, an actual coordinate of the prism is obtained, the actual coordinate of the prism is compared with a theoretical coordinate of the prism, a deviation value of the section of the steel tower to be measured is obtained, and the steel tower is adjusted to be in place according to the deviation value.
However, the polar coordinate measurement method is a branch wire measurement, no attached line or closed loop is formed, and the prism rod has larger point-to-point error, so that the measurement precision is lower; meanwhile, the polar coordinate measuring method is suitable for mounting and measuring the steel tower in a balanced state and is not suitable for mounting and measuring the steel tower in a deformed state of the all-weather steel tower, and the deformation of the steel tower affected by meteorological environment is not measured in real time, so that the section to be mounted cannot be adjusted in real time according to the real-time deformation condition of the mounted steel tower. Therefore, the defects that the traditional steel tower polar coordinate installation and measurement method cannot carry out all-weather measurement and is low in measurement precision are overcome, and improvement is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an all-weather precise installation and measurement method for a steel tower, and aims to solve the problems that the installation and measurement of the steel tower cannot be carried out in all weather and the measurement precision is low in the related technology.
In a first aspect, a steel tower installation and measurement method is provided, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: calculating the deviation value between the actual coordinate and the theoretical coordinate of the central point of the installed steel tower segment; calculating a meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment according to an initial coordinate of a positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment before the steel tower segment to be installed is hoisted and an actual coordinate of the positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment after the steel tower segment to be installed is hoisted; correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms on the steel tower segment to be installed according to the deviation value and the meteorological environment error value to respectively obtain corrected coordinates of the two first prisms; calculating a deviation value between the corrected coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the two first prisms; and adjusting the steel tower segment to be installed according to the deviation value so as to enable the steel tower segment to be installed to move in place.
In some embodiments, prior to said calculating an offset value between actual and theoretical coordinates of a center point of the installed steel tower segment comprises: mounting a first total station on a top surface of the installed steel tower segment with a center point of the first total station coinciding with a center point of the installed steel tower segment on a vertical axis; and the first total station respectively measures the distance and the angle between the central point of the first total station and the ground control point to obtain the actual coordinates of the central point of the first total station.
In some embodiments, said first total station measuring a distance and an angle between its center point and a ground control point, respectively, and obtaining actual coordinates of said center point of said first total station comprises: the first total station observes at least three ground control points to obtain a first slope distance, a first vertical angle and a first horizontal angle from a center point of the first total station to each control point; carrying out meteorological correction and earth curvature projection correction on the first slope distance to obtain the corrected first slope distance; and calculating to obtain the actual coordinates of the center point of the first total station according to the first vertical angle, the first horizontal angle and the corrected first slope distance.
In some embodiments, before said mounting a first total station to a top surface of said installed steel tower segment and having a center point of said first total station coincide on a vertical axis with a center point of said installed steel tower segment comprises: mounting a movable cross staff on the mounted steel tower segment, and enabling the central point of the movable cross staff and the central point of the mounted steel tower segment to coincide on a vertical axis; mounting a sliding instrument foot rest on the movable cross staff and enabling the central point of the sliding instrument foot rest and the central point of the movable cross staff to coincide on a vertical axis; installing the first total station on the sliding instrument foot rest.
In some embodiments, the movable cross staff member comprises four telescopic staff members and a circular plate, the movable end of the telescopic staff member is provided with a clamp, and the mounting the movable cross staff member on the mounted steel tower segment and making the center point of the movable cross staff member coincide with the center point of the mounted steel tower segment on a vertical axis comprises: uniformly distributing the four telescopic scaleplates around the circular plate, and fixing the fixed ends of the telescopic scaleplates with the circular plate; and fixing the clamp on the side wall of the installed steel tower segment, and respectively adjusting the telescopic distance of the movable ends of the four telescopic scaleplates to enable the central point of the circular plate to coincide with the central point of the installed steel tower segment.
In some embodiments, calculating the meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment according to the initial coordinates of the positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment before hoisting the steel tower segment to be installed and the actual coordinates of the preset point on the installed steel tower segment after hoisting the steel tower segment to be installed comprises: measuring initial coordinates of two second prisms on opposite corner walls of the installed steel tower segment before hoisting the steel tower segment to be installed; hoisting the steel tower segment to be installed on the installed steel tower segment; measuring actual coordinates of the two second prisms of the installed steel tower segment; calculating the difference value between the initial coordinate and the actual coordinate of the same second prism, and recording the difference value as the vertical inclination of the installed steel tower segment; and calculating the difference value between the actual coordinates of the two second prisms, and recording the difference value as the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower section.
In some embodiments, said measuring initial coordinates of two second prisms on opposing corner walls of said installed steel tower segment comprises: the first total station respectively observes a second slope distance and a second vertical angle from the first total station to the two second prisms; and respectively calculating to obtain initial coordinates of the two second prisms according to the actual coordinate of the central point of the first total station, the second slope distance and the second vertical angle.
In some embodiments, said measuring the actual coordinates of two of said second prisms of said installed steel tower segment comprises: erecting a second total station on the ground; respectively measuring a third slope distance, a third horizontal angle and a third vertical angle from the second total station to the two second prisms, and performing weather correction and earth curvature projection correction on the third slope distance; and respectively calculating actual coordinates of the two second prisms according to the third horizontal angle, the third vertical angle and the corrected third slope distance.
In some embodiments, the correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms on the steel tower segment to be installed according to the offset value and the meteorological environment error value, and obtaining corrected coordinates of the two first prisms respectively includes: the meteorological environment error value of the steel tower segment to be installed is equal to the meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment, and the meteorological environment error value comprises a vertical inclination amount and a plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment.
In some embodiments, the correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms on the steel tower segment to be installed according to the offset value and the meteorological environment error value, and obtaining corrected coordinates of the two first prisms respectively further includes: the coordinate points of the two first prisms are respectively points CD1 and CD2, and the corrected coordinates of the points CD1 and CD2 are respectively (x)CD1 amendment，yCD1 amendment)、(xCD2 amendment，yCD2 amendment) The formula for calculating the corrected coordinates of point CD1 is:
xCD1 amendment＝xCD1 essence+ΔxImprovement of+ΔxInclined trimming device
yCD1 amendment＝yCD1 essence+ΔyImprovement of+ΔyInclined trimming device
Wherein the actual coordinate of the point CD1 is (x)CD1 essence，yCD1 essence)，(ΔxImprovement of，ΔyImprovement of) Is the offset value, (Δ x)Inclined trimming device，ΔyInclined trimming device) Is the vertical tilt amount;
the formula for calculating the corrected coordinates of point CD2 is:
xCD2 amendment＝xCD2 essence+ΔxImprovement of+ΔxInclined trimming device+ΔxTwist repair
yCD2 amendment＝yCD2 essence+ΔyImprovement of+ΔyInclined trimming device+ΔyTwist repair
Wherein the actual coordinate of the point CD2 is (x)CD2 essence，yCD2 essence)，(ΔxImprovement of，ΔyImprovement of) Is the offset value, (Δ x)Inclined trimming device，ΔyInclined trimming device) Is the amount of vertical tilt, (Δ x)Twist repair，ΔyTwist repair) Is the amount of planar twist.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a steel tower installation and measurement method, which comprises the following steps: calculating the deviation value between the actual coordinate and the theoretical coordinate of the central point of the installed steel tower segment; calculating a meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment according to an initial coordinate of a positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment before the steel tower segment to be installed is hoisted and an actual coordinate of the positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment after the steel tower segment to be installed is hoisted; correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms on the steel tower segment to be installed according to the deviation value and the meteorological environment error value to respectively obtain corrected coordinates of the two first prisms; calculating a deviation value between the corrected coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the two first prisms; according to the deviation value, the steel tower segment to be installed is adjusted, so that the steel tower segment to be installed moves in place, therefore, the installation and measurement method can obtain the meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment in real time by comparing the relation between the actual coordinate and the initial coordinate of the positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment, can correct the deformation of the steel tower segment to be installed in real time, realizes the all-weather installation and measurement of the steel tower, obtains the deviation value between the actual coordinate and the theoretical coordinate of the central point of the installed steel tower segment through measurement, can correct the deviation value of the precise installation and measurement of the steel tower segment to be installed, and is beneficial to improving the installation and measurement precision of the steel tower segment to be installed, namely the measurement precision is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for measuring a steel tower installation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of steps prior to step SI of a steel tower installation measurement method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a step S2 of a steel tower installation measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an installed steel tower segment in a steel tower installation measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable cross scale in the method for installing and measuring a steel tower according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a scale sleeve in the steel tower installation and measurement method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a foot stool of a sliding instrument in a steel tower installation and measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a loose-leaf prism frame in a steel tower installation measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel tower segment to be installed in the method for measuring and installing a steel tower according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a ring opening center frame; 2. a loose-leaf prism frame; 3. a movable cross scale; 4. sliding the instrument foot rest; 5. a telescopic scale; 6. a circular plate; 7. a clamp; 8. a scale sleeve; 9. a scale; 10. fastening a bolt; 11. a chute; 12. a bayonet lock; 13. a telescopic leg; 14. a centering plate; 15. a slider; 16. a loose-leaf binder; 17. a prism rod; 18. a loose-leaf board; 19. a magnet; 20. loose leaves; 21. a magnetic switch; 22. a spherical groove; 23. a spherical hinged support; 24. a circular level bubble; 25. installed steel tower segments; 26. a first prism; 27. a steel tower segment to be installed; 28. a second prism; 29. a first total station.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a steel tower installation and measurement method, which can solve the problems that the steel tower installation and measurement cannot be carried out in all weather and the measurement precision is low in the related technology.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for measuring installation of a steel tower according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps:
s1: the offset value between the actual and theoretical coordinates of the centre point of the installed steel tower segment 25 is calculated.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, step S1 may include step S101 and step S102.
Step S101: a first total station 29 is mounted to the top surface of the installed steel tower section 25 with the centre point of the first total station 29 coinciding with the centre point of the installed steel tower section 25 on the vertical axis.
Step S101 may be preceded by the steps of: mounting a movable cross staff 3 on the mounted steel tower segment 25, and enabling the central point of the movable cross staff 3 and the central point of the mounted steel tower segment 25 to coincide on a vertical axis; installing a sliding instrument foot rest 4 on the movable cross staff 3, and enabling the central point of the sliding instrument foot rest 4 and the central point of the movable cross staff 3 to coincide on a vertical axis; the first total station 29 is mounted on the sliding instrument foot rest 4.
Referring to fig. 4 to 7, in some embodiments, an auxiliary device may be provided, the auxiliary device may include a ring center frame 1 and a plurality of hinge prism frames 2, the ring center frame 1 may include a movable cross staff 3 and a sliding instrument foot rest 4, the movable cross staff 3 may include four telescopic rulers 5 and a circular plate 6, the four telescopic rulers 5 may be uniformly distributed around the circular plate 6, and the four telescopic rulers 5 may be equidistantly spaced, two adjacent telescopic rulers 5 are perpendicular to each other, the four telescopic rulers 5 have the same size, and the four telescopic rulers 5 have the same size, the telescopic rulers 5 may include a ruler sleeve 8 and a ruler 9, one end of the ruler 9 may be provided with a clamp 7, the other end of the ruler 9 may be inserted into the ruler sleeve 8, and the ruler 9 may slide along the inner wall of the ruler sleeve 8, one end of the scale sleeve 8, which is far away from the scale 9, can be fixed on the circular plate 6, the circular plate 6 can be positioned at the central position of the movable cross scale 3, the central position of the circular plate 6 can be provided with a cross center mark, one end parts of the four scale sleeves 8 are respectively distributed around the circular plate 6 along the cross center line of the circular plate 6, the scale sleeves 8 are fixedly connected with the circular plate 6, the other end part of the scale sleeve 8 can be provided with a groove structure for the scale 9 to slide, the side wall of the scale sleeve 8 can be externally provided with a fastening bolt 10, the scale 9 can be fixed by rotating the fastening bolt 10, the scale sleeve 9 is fixedly connected with one side of the circular plate 6 and can be provided with a sliding groove 11, the inner side wall of the sliding groove 11 can be provided with a bayonet 12, when the movable cross scale 3 is installed, the four telescopic scales 5 can be firstly unfolded, the four clamps 7 are respectively clamped at the centers of the top surfaces of four steel plates which surround the periphery of the annular opening of the installed steel tower segment 25, the reading of the four telescopic scaleplates 5 is respectively adjusted, the center of the circular plate 6 is coincided with the central point of the installed steel tower segment 25, the four telescopic scaleplates 5 are fixed by screwing the fastening bolts 10, meanwhile, the four clamps 7 are screwed, the movable cross scaleplates 3 are fixed on the installed steel tower segment 25, and the central point of the movable cross scaleplates 3 and the central point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be coincided on a vertical axis accurately through the method.
Referring to fig. 8, in some embodiments, the sliding instrument foot rest 4 may include four telescopic legs 13 and a centering plate 14, the four telescopic legs 13 may be uniformly distributed around the lower side surface of the centering plate 14, one end of each telescopic leg 13 may be hinged to the lower side surface of the centering plate 14, the other end of each telescopic leg 13 may be hinged to a slider 15, the sliders 15 may be matched with the sliding grooves 11 on the scale sleeves 8, the four telescopic legs 13 have the same size, and the four telescopic legs 13 have the same size, in this embodiment, the centering plate 14 may have a circular plate-shaped structure, the centering plate 14 may be used to mount the measuring instrument, when the sliding instrument foot rest 4 is mounted, the sliders 15 on the four telescopic legs 13 may be respectively mounted in the sliding grooves 11 of the four scale sleeves 8, the first total station 29 may be mounted on the centering plate 14, the four telescopic legs 13 may be adjustably slid, the center point of the first total station 29 and the center point of the circular plate 6 are superposed on the vertical axis, the bayonet pins 12 on the sliding grooves 11 of the four scale sleeves 8 are respectively screwed at the moment, the sliding instrument foot rest 4 is fixed on the movable cross scale 3, and the first total station 29 is further adjusted to precisely superpose the center point of the first total station 29 and the center point of the circular plate 6 on the vertical axis, so far, the center point of the first total station 29 and the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be precisely superposed on the vertical axis by the method.
Referring to fig. 9 and 10, in some embodiments, the specifications of the plurality of loose-leaf prism frames 2 may be the same, and the sizes of the plurality of loose-leaf prism frames 2 may be the same, the loose-leaf prism frame 2 may include a loose-leaf binder 16 with a magnet 19 and a prism rod 17 with a spherical hinge base 23, the loose-leaf binder 16 with the magnet 19 may include two loose-leaf plates 18, two magnets 19 and two loose-leaves 20, and the two loose-leaf plates 18 may be hinged together by the two loose-leaves 20, in this embodiment, the loose-leaf plates 18 have a rectangular shape, the two magnets 19 may be respectively fixed at the centers of the outer walls of the two loose-leaf plates 18, the two magnets 19 each have a magnetic switch 21, the center of the loose-leaf binder 16 with the magnet 19 may be provided with a spherical groove 22, and the spherical groove 22 may be matched with the spherical hinge base 23 of the prism rod 17, the spherical hinge base 23 may be inserted into the spherical groove 22, and the spherical hinge 23 can rotate in the spherical groove 22, one end of the prism rod 17 can be provided with a prism, the other end of the prism rod 17 can be provided with the spherical hinge 23, one side of the prism rod 17 close to the prism can be provided with a circular leveling bubble 24, and the circular leveling bubble 24 can be used for adjusting and leveling the prism rod 17, so that the prism on the prism rod 17 is in a stable state.
Step S102: the first total station 29 measures the distance and angle between its center point and the ground control point, respectively, to obtain the actual coordinates of the center point of the first total station 29.
In some embodiments, step S102 may include the steps of: the first total station 29 observes at least three ground control points to obtain a first slope distance, a first vertical angle and a first horizontal angle from a central point of the first total station 29 to each control point; carrying out meteorological correction and earth curvature projection correction on the first slope distance to obtain the corrected first slope distance; calculating actual coordinates of the center point of the first total station 29 according to the first vertical angle, the first horizontal angle and the corrected first slope distance.
In some embodiments, the first total station 29 may observe at least three ground control points, the three control points may be evenly distributed around the steel tower, a first slope, a first vertical angle and a first horizontal angle from the center point of the first total station 29 to each control point may be obtained by the observation, meteorological data such as ambient temperature may be recorded during the observation, a meteorological correction and a terrestrial curvature projection correction may be performed on the first slope from the center point of the first total station 29 to each control point based on the recorded meteorological data, a corrected first slope may be obtained, the first slope may be obtained based on the first vertical angle from the center point of the first total station 29 to each control point, the corrected first slope from the center point of the first total station 29 to each control point, and the first horizontal angle from the center point of the first total station 29 to each control point, the coordinates of the center point of the first total station 29 can be obtained after rigorous deviation calculation, and since the center point of the first total station 29 and the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 are superposed on the vertical axis, the actual coordinates of the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be obtained through the observation and calculation, and then the difference value between the actual coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 is calculated, so that the deviation value (delta x) of the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be obtainedHas already been used for，ΔyHas already been used for) At the same time, the offset value of the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 may be used as the offset correction value of the center point of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed.
S2: calculating a meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment 25 according to initial coordinates of the positioning observation points on the installed steel tower segment 25 before the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is hoisted and actual coordinates of the positioning observation points on the installed steel tower segment 25 after the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is hoisted.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, step S2 may include the following steps:
s201: the initial coordinates of the two second prisms 28 on the opposite corner walls of the installed steel tower segment 25 are measured before hoisting the steel tower segment to be installed 27.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, step S201 may include: the two loose-leaf prism frames 2 are respectively installed on the opposite corner walls of the installed steel tower segment 25, the prism rods 17 of the two loose-leaf prism frames 2 are respectively provided with a second prism 28, the two second prisms 28 can be respectively set to be points JZ1 and JZ2, the first total station 29 respectively observes the two second prisms 28 to respectively obtain a second slope distance and a second vertical angle from the first total station 29 to the two second prisms 28, and then the coordinates of the two second prisms 28 are respectively obtained by calculation according to the coordinates of the center point of the first total station 29, the second slope distance and the second vertical angle, the coordinates obtained by calculation can be used as the initial coordinates of the two second prisms 28, and the initial coordinates of the two second prisms 28 can be (x, yJZ1 original，yJZ1 original) And (x)JZ2 original，yJZ2 original)。
S202: hoisting the steel tower segment to be installed 27 to the installed steel tower segment 25.
Referring to fig. 10, in some embodiments, step S202 may include: the auxiliary device is detached from the installed steel tower segment 25, the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is hoisted to the installed steel tower segment 25 by a crane, the auxiliary device is installed on the steel tower segment 27 to be installed in the same way, the other two loose-leaf prism frames 2 are respectively installed on the opposite corner walls of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed, the prism rods 17 of the other two loose-leaf prism frames 2 are respectively provided with the first prisms 26, and the two first prisms 26 can be respectively set to be the points CD1 and CD 2.
S203: the actual coordinates of the two second prisms 28 of the installed steel tower segment 25 are measured.
In some embodiments, step S203 may comprise: erecting a second total station on the ground,the second total station can be erected on a control point on the ground, the second total station can respectively observe the two second prisms 28, respectively measure and obtain a third slope distance, a third horizontal angle and a third vertical angle from the second total station to the two second prisms 28, simultaneously record environmental meteorological data such as temperature, air pressure and the like in observation, perform meteorological correction and earth curvature projection correction on the third slope distance according to the recorded meteorological data to obtain a corrected third slope distance, respectively calculate and obtain actual coordinates of the two second prisms 28 according to the third slope angle, the third vertical angle and the corrected third slope distance from the second total station to the two second prisms 28, and the actual coordinates of the two second prisms 28 can be (x) respectivelyJZ1 fact，yJZ1 fact) And (x)JZ2 fact，yJZ2 fact)。
S204: the difference between the initial and actual coordinates of the same second prism 28 is calculated and is noted as the amount of vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment 25.
In some embodiments, step S204 may include: the vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment 25 is calculated from the difference between the actual coordinates and the initial coordinates of the same second prism 28, which in this embodiment may be based on the actual coordinates (x) of the point JZ1JZ1 fact，yJZ1 fact) Initial coordinates (x) of Point JZ1JZ1 original，yJZ1 original) The difference between the two, the amount of vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment 25 is calculated, and in other embodiments, the actual coordinates (x) of the point JZ2 may be used as a basisJZ2 fact，yJZ2 fact) Initial coordinates (x) of Point JZ2JZ2 original，yJZ2 original) The difference between the two, the amount of vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment 25 is calculated, and the amount of vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be recorded as (Δ x)Has already tilted，ΔyHas already tilted) In this embodiment, considering that the height of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is far less than the cumulative height of the steel tower, the vertical inclination amount of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed can be considered to be consistent with the vertical inclination amount of the installed steel tower segment 25, so that the vertical inclination amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be used as the vertical inclination amount of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed, and the steel tower segment 27 to be installed can be usedIs noted as (Δ x)Inclined trimming device、ΔyInclined trimming device)。
S205: the difference between the actual coordinates of the two second prisms 28 is calculated and is noted as the amount of planar twist of the installed steel tower segment 25.
In some embodiments, step S205 may include: may be based on the actual coordinates (x) of the two second prisms 28JZ1 fact，yJZ1 fact) And (x)JZ2 fact，yJZ2 fact) The difference between the two values is calculated to obtain the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25, and the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be recorded as (Δ x)Has already twisted，ΔyHas already twisted) In the same principle as in step S204, considering that the height of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is far smaller than the cumulative height of the steel tower, the planar torsion amount of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is considered to be consistent with the planar torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25, so that the planar torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be used as the planar torsion amount of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed, and the planar torsion amount of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed can be recorded as (Δ x)Twist repair，ΔyTwist repair)。
S3: and correcting the actual coordinates of the two first prisms 26 on the steel tower segment 27 to be installed according to the deviation value and the meteorological environment error value to respectively obtain the corrected coordinates of the two first prisms 26.
In some embodiments, since the height of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is much smaller than the cumulative total height of the steel tower segment, the offset value of the center point of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is considered to be consistent with the offset value of the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25, so that the offset value of the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be used as the offset value of the center point of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed, and the offset value of the center point of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed can be recorded as (Δ x)Improvement of，ΔyImprovement of) The weather environment error value may include the vertical inclination amount and the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25, and as can be known from the descriptions in step S204 and step S205, the weather environment error value of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is equal to the weather environment error value of the installed steel tower segment 25.
In some embodiments, the first total station 29 mounted on the steel tower segment 27 to be installed may observe the two first prisms 26, respectively, and may obtain the actual coordinates of the point CD1 and the actual coordinates of the point CD2, respectively, in the same manner as in step S203, and may record the actual coordinates of the point CD1 as (x) respectivelyCD1 essence，yCD1 essence) The actual coordinates of the point CD2 are noted as (x)CD2 essence，yCD2 essence) The corrected coordinates of the point CD1 and the point CD2 may be written as (x) at the same timeCD1 amendment，yCD1 amendment) And (x)CD2 amendment，yCD2 amendment) Then the formula for the corrected coordinates of point CD1 is:
xCD1 amendment＝xCD1 essence+ΔxImprovement of+ΔxInclined trimming device
yCD1 amendment＝yCD1 essence+ΔyImprovement of+ΔyInclined trimming device
Wherein the actual coordinate of the point CD1 is (x)CD1 essence，yCD1 essence)，(ΔxImprovement of，ΔyImprovement of) Is the offset value of the center point of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed (Δ x)Inclined trimming device，ΔyInclined trimming device) Is the amount of vertical tilt of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed;
the corrected coordinates of point CD2 are calculated as:
xCD2 amendment＝xCD2 essence+ΔxImprovement of+ΔxInclined trimming device+ΔxTwist repair
yCD2 amendment＝yCD2 essence+ΔyImprovement of+ΔyInclined trimming device+ΔyTwist repair
Wherein the actual coordinate of the point CD2 is (x)CD2 essence，yCD2 essence)，(ΔxImprovement of，ΔyImprovement of) Is the offset value of the center point of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed (Δ x)Inclined trimming device，ΔyInclined trimming device) For the amount of vertical tilt of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed, (Δ x)Twist repair，ΔyTwist repair) The corrected coordinates of point CD1 and point CD2 can be obtained in the manner described above for the amount of planar twist of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed.
S4: a deviation value between the corrected coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the two first prisms 26 is calculated.
In some embodiments, the actual coordinates (x) of the two first prisms 26 are obtained by separately observing the two first prisms 26CD1 essence，yCD1 essence) And (x)CD2 essence，yCD2 essence) Then, the actual coordinates of the two first prisms 26 are corrected to obtain the corrected coordinates (x) of the two first prisms 26 respectivelyCD1 amendment，yCD1 amendment) And (x)CD2 amendment，yCD2 amendment) The difference between the corrected coordinates of the two first prisms 26 and their theoretical coordinates is calculated, respectively, and the deviation value of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed can be obtained.
S5: and adjusting the steel tower segment 27 to be installed according to the deviation value, so that the steel tower segment 27 to be installed moves in place.
In some embodiments, the steel tower segment 27 to be installed may be adjusted according to the deviation value of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed calculated in step S4, so that the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is moved to the proper position, and through the above manner, the meteorological error during installation of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed may be eliminated, and the installation accuracy of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed may be increased.
The principle of the steel tower installation and measurement method provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
because the auxiliary device can be provided when the steel tower segment is installed, the auxiliary device can comprise a ring opening center mark frame 1 and a plurality of loose-leaf prism frames 2, the ring opening center mark frame 1 can comprise a movable cross scale 3 and a sliding instrument foot rest 4, the movable cross scale 3 can be installed and fixed on the top surface of the installed steel tower segment 25, the center point of the movable cross scale 3 and the center point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be superposed on a vertical axis by adjusting the readings of four telescopic scales 5 of the movable cross scale 3, four telescopic legs 13 of the sliding instrument foot rest 4 can be respectively inserted into the four telescopic scales 5 of the movable cross scale 3, the center point of the sliding instrument foot rest 4 and the center point of the movable cross scale 3 are superposed on the vertical axis by adjusting the four telescopic legs 13, a center-centering disc 14 is arranged at the center point of the sliding instrument foot rest 4, and a first total station 29 can be installed on the center-centering disc 14, further, the installation position of the first total station 29 is adjusted, so that the center point of the first total station 29 coincides with the center point of the foot rest 4 of the sliding instrument, therefore, the first total station 29 can be installed on the top surface of the steel tower through the installation mode, the center point of the first total station 29 coincides with the center point of the installed steel tower section 25 on the vertical axis, the difficulty that the total station cannot be installed in a narrow operation space at the top end of the steel tower for precise measurement is overcome, the coordinates of the center point of the total station can be precisely obtained by adopting a control network closed measurement method, the deviation value of the center point of the installed steel tower section 25 is obtained through calculation, the high-precision achievement of the coordinates of the center point of the total station is obtained, and a precise calculation basis is provided for measuring the coordinates on the steel tower section 27 to be installed.
The steel tower installation measuring method comprises the following steps: mounting a first total station 29 on the top surface of the installed steel tower segment 25 with the centre point of the first total station 29 coinciding with the centre point of the installed steel tower segment 25 on the vertical axis; observing at least three ground control points by the first total station 29 to obtain a first slope distance, a first vertical angle and a first horizontal angle from a central point of the first total station 29 to each control point; carrying out meteorological correction and earth curvature projection correction on the first slope distance to obtain a corrected first slope distance; calculating actual coordinates of the center point of the first total station 29 according to the first vertical angle, the first horizontal angle and the corrected first slope distance; calculating the deviation value between the actual coordinate and the theoretical coordinate of the central point of the installed steel tower segment 25; measuring the initial coordinates of two second prisms 28 on opposite corner walls of the installed steel tower segment 25 before hoisting the steel tower segment 27 to be installed; hoisting the steel tower segment 27 to be installed on the installed steel tower segment 25; measuring the actual coordinates of the two second prisms 28 of the installed steel tower segment 25; calculating the difference between the initial coordinates and the actual coordinates of the same second prism 28, and recording as the vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment 25; calculating the difference between the actual coordinates of the two second prisms 28, and recording as the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25; correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms 26 on the steel tower segment 27 to be installed according to the offset value, the vertical inclination amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 and the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 to respectively obtain corrected coordinates of the two first prisms 26; calculating a deviation value between the corrected coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the two first prisms 26; the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is adjusted according to the deviation value, so that the steel tower segment 27 to be installed is moved to the position, therefore, the installation and measurement method can obtain the vertical inclination amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 in real time by comparing the relation between the actual coordinates and the initial coordinates of the positioning observation points on the installed steel tower segment 25, can obtain the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25 in real time by comparing the actual coordinates of the two positioning observation points on the installed steel tower segment 25, can correct the deformation of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed in real time according to the vertical inclination amount and the plane torsion amount of the installed steel tower segment 25, so that the all-weather installation and measurement of the steel tower can be realized, and the deviation value between the actual coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the central point of the installed steel tower segment 25 can be measured, so that the deviation value correction can be carried out on the precise installation and measurement of the steel tower segment 27 to be installed, the method is favorable for improving the mounting and measuring precision of the steel tower segment 27 to be mounted, namely the measuring precision is high.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It is to be noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The steel tower installation and measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
calculating a deviation value between an actual coordinate and a theoretical coordinate of the center point of the installed steel tower segment (25);
calculating a meteorological environment error value of the installed steel tower segment (25) according to initial coordinates of a positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment (25) before the steel tower segment (27) to be installed is hoisted and actual coordinates of the positioning observation point on the installed steel tower segment (25) after the steel tower segment (27) to be installed is hoisted;
correcting actual coordinates of the two first prisms (26) on the steel tower segment (27) to be installed according to the deviation value and the meteorological environment error value to respectively obtain corrected coordinates of the two first prisms (26);
calculating a deviation value between the corrected coordinates and the theoretical coordinates of the two first prisms (26);
and adjusting the steel tower segment (27) to be installed according to the deviation value, so that the steel tower segment (27) to be installed moves in place.
2. A steel tower installation measurement method according to claim 1, comprising, before said calculating an offset value between actual and theoretical coordinates of a centre point of an installed steel tower segment (25):
mounting a first total station (29) on a top surface of the installed steel tower segment (25) with a centre point of the first total station (29) coinciding with a centre point of the installed steel tower segment (25) on a vertical axis;
and the first total station (29) respectively measures the distance and the angle between the central point of the first total station and the ground control point to obtain the actual coordinates of the central point of the first total station (29).
3. A steel tower installation measuring method according to claim 2, wherein said first total station (29) measures the distance and angle between its center point and a ground control point, respectively, and obtaining the actual coordinates of the center point of said first total station (29) comprises:
observing at least three ground control points by the first total station (29) to obtain a first slope distance, a first vertical angle and a first horizontal angle from a central point of the first total station (29) to each control point;
carrying out meteorological correction and earth curvature projection correction on the first slope distance to obtain the corrected first slope distance;
and calculating actual coordinates of the center point of the first total station (29) according to the first vertical angle, the first horizontal angle and the corrected first slope distance.
4. A steel tower installation surveying method according to claim 2, wherein, before said mounting a first total station (29) to a top surface of said installed steel tower segment (25) and having a centre point of said first total station (29) and a centre point of said installed steel tower segment (25) coinciding on a vertical axis, comprises:
mounting a movable cross staff (3) on the mounted steel tower segment (25) and enabling the central point of the movable cross staff (3) and the central point of the mounted steel tower segment (25) to coincide on a vertical axis;
a sliding instrument foot rest (4) is arranged on the movable cross staff (3), and the central point of the sliding instrument foot rest (4) and the central point of the movable cross staff (3) are superposed on a vertical axis;
mounting the first total station (29) on the sliding instrument foot stand (4).
5. A steel tower installation and measurement method according to claim 4, wherein the movable cross staff (3) comprises four telescopic staff members (5) and a circular plate (6), the movable end of the telescopic staff members (5) is provided with a clamp (7), the installing the movable cross staff members (3) on the installed steel tower section (25) and the enabling the center point of the movable cross staff members (3) and the center point of the installed steel tower section (25) to coincide on the vertical axis comprises:
the four telescopic scaleplates (5) are uniformly distributed around the circular plate (6), and the fixed ends of the telescopic scaleplates (5) are fixed with the circular plate (6);
fixing the clamp (7) on the side wall of the installed steel tower segment (25), and enabling the central point of the circular plate (6) to be superposed with the central point of the installed steel tower segment (25) by respectively adjusting the telescopic distance of the movable ends of the four telescopic scaleplates (5).
6. A steel tower installation measurement method according to claim 1, wherein said calculating a meteorological environment error value for an installed steel tower segment (25) based on initial coordinates for positioning an observation point on an installed steel tower segment (25) prior to hoisting the to-be-installed steel tower segment (27), and actual coordinates for a pre-set point on the installed steel tower segment (25) after hoisting the to-be-installed steel tower segment (27), comprises:
measuring initial coordinates of two second prisms (28) on opposite corner walls of the installed steel tower segment (25) before hoisting the steel tower segment (27) to be installed;
-hoisting the steel tower segment (27) to be installed on the installed steel tower segment (25);
measuring the actual coordinates of the two second prisms (28) of the installed steel tower segment (25);
calculating the difference between the initial and actual coordinates of the same second prism (28) and recording as the vertical tilt of the installed steel tower segment (25);
calculating the difference between the actual coordinates of the two second prisms (28) and recording the planar torsion of the installed steel tower segment (25).
7. A steel tower installation measurement method according to claim 6, wherein said measuring initial coordinates of two second prisms (28) on opposite corner walls of said installed steel tower segment (25) comprises:
said first total station (29) observing a second slope and a second vertical angle thereof to two of said second prisms (28), respectively;
and calculating initial coordinates of the two second prisms (28) according to the actual coordinates of the central point of the first total station (29), the second slope distance and the second vertical angle.
8. A steel tower installation measuring method according to claim 6, wherein said measuring the actual coordinates of two of said second prisms (28) of said installed steel tower segment (25) comprises:
erecting a second total station on the ground;
measuring a third slope distance, a third horizontal angle and a third vertical angle from the second total station to the two second prisms (28), respectively, and performing weather correction and earth curvature projection correction on the third slope distance;
and respectively calculating actual coordinates of the two second prisms (28) according to the third horizontal angle, the third vertical angle and the corrected third slope distance.
9. A steel tower installation measurement method according to claim 1, wherein said correcting actual coordinates of two first prisms (26) on said steel tower segment (27) to be installed according to said offset value and said meteorological environment error value, and obtaining corrected coordinates of said two first prisms (26), respectively, comprises:
the meteorological environment error value for the to-be-installed steel tower segment (27) is equal to the meteorological environment error value for the installed steel tower segment (25), and the meteorological environment error value comprises a vertical tilt amount and a planar twist amount of the installed steel tower segment (25).
10. A steel tower installation measurement method according to claim 9, wherein said correcting actual coordinates of two first prisms (26) on said steel tower segment (27) to be installed according to said offset value and said meteorological environment error value, and obtaining corrected coordinates of said two first prisms (26), respectively, further comprises:
the coordinate points of the two first prisms (26) are respectively points CD1 and CD2, and the corrected coordinates of the points CD1 and CD2 are respectively (x)CD1 amendment，yCD1 amendment)、(xCD2 amendment，yCD2 amendment) The formula for calculating the corrected coordinates of point CD1 is:
xCD1 amendment＝xCD1 essence+ΔxImprovement of+ΔxInclined trimming device
yCD1 amendment＝yCD1 essence+ΔyImprovement of+ΔyInclined trimming device
Wherein the actual coordinate of the point CD1 is (x)CD1 essence，yCD1 essence)，(ΔxImprovement of，ΔyImprovement of) Is the offset value, (Δ x)Inclined trimming device，ΔyInclined trimming device) Is the vertical tilt amount;
the formula for calculating the corrected coordinates of point CD2 is:
xCD2 amendment＝xCD2 essence+ΔxImprovement of+ΔxInclined trimming device+ΔxTwist repair
yCD2 amendment＝yCD2 essence+ΔyImprovement of+ΔyInclined trimming device+ΔyTwist repair
Wherein the actual coordinate of the point CD2 is (x)CD2 essence，yCD2 essence)，(ΔxImprovement of，ΔyImprovement of) Is the offset value, (Δ x)Inclined trimming device，ΔyInclined trimming device) Is the amount of vertical tilt, (Δ x)Twist repair，ΔyTwist repair) Is the amount of planar twist.
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