CN114083084B - Method for manufacturing magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114083084B CN114083084B CN202111404010.8A CN202111404010A CN114083084B CN 114083084 B CN114083084 B CN 114083084B CN 202111404010 A CN202111404010 A CN 202111404010A CN 114083084 B CN114083084 B CN 114083084B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/124—Circuits or methods for feeding welding wire
- B23K9/125—Feeding of electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: (1) Drawing a three-dimensional model of the additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component by using computer software, layering by using additive manufacturing slicing software, and determining an additive manufacturing path of each layer; (2) Cleaning a magnesium alloy substrate and fixing the magnesium alloy substrate on a working platform; (3) Setting technological parameters of an additive manufacturing welding gun and parameters of an auxiliary current applying device; (4) Placing an additive manufacturing welding gun at a forming starting point position, and respectively placing two roller electrodes in an auxiliary current applying device at the front and rear positions of a molten pool in the electric arc additive manufacturing process; performing arc additive manufacturing according to a predetermined additive manufacturing path; applying current through roller electrodes to assist electric arc additive manufacturing of the magnesium alloy component; (5) After the additive manufacturing of one layer of magnesium alloy component is completed, the working platform moves to perform the arc additive manufacturing of the next layer of magnesium alloy component. The method can improve the strength and plasticity of the magnesium alloy member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
The electric arc additive manufacturing technology is a technology which takes a welding electric arc as a heat source, plans and designs an additive path based on the principle of dispersion and accumulation, and then deposits additive materials layer by layer according to the planned path to form a required part. The technology has the advantages of no need of a grinding tool, quick response, low production cost, high forming efficiency and high part density, is suitable for preparing large parts, and has good application prospect. The magnesium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, easiness in recycling, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity and the like as the alloy with the lightest structure, and becomes an alloy with great potential for realizing light weight, energy conservation and emission reduction at present. Compared with the traditional casting and powder metallurgy manufacturing of magnesium alloy components, the electric arc additive manufacturing can meet the increasing requirements of modern manufacturing industry on low energy consumption and high efficiency. However, how to solve the problem that the forming quality is poor due to heat accumulation and the like in the process of electric arc additive manufacturing is a problem which is always puzzling researchers in various countries.
It should be noted that the above background description is only for the convenience of clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the present specification and for the understanding of those skilled in the art. These solutions are not considered to be known to those skilled in the art merely because they are set forth in the background section of this specification.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy component by additive arc, which aims at the defects of the prior art, and the method comprises the steps of applying additional current to a liquid alloy melt in an additive manufacturing molten pool in the process of manufacturing the magnesium alloy by additive arc, inhibiting the growth of dendrites and refining grains by utilizing physical effects such as electromagnetic stirring, joule heating effect, peltier effect and the like generated by the interaction of the current and the liquid alloy melt, homogenizing component distribution, finally effectively improving the microstructure of the magnesium alloy component manufactured by additive arc, and improving the strength and plasticity of the magnesium alloy component.
The scheme is realized by the following technical measures: a method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
(1) Drawing a three-dimensional model of the additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component by using computer software, layering by using additive manufacturing slicing software, and determining an additive manufacturing path of each layer;
(2) Cleaning a magnesium alloy substrate and fixing the magnesium alloy substrate on a working platform;
(3) Setting technological parameters of an additive manufacturing welding gun and parameters of an auxiliary current applying device;
(4) Placing an additive manufacturing welding gun at a forming starting point position, and respectively placing two roller electrodes in an auxiliary current applying device at the front and rear positions of a molten pool in the electric arc additive manufacturing process; starting an auxiliary current applying device and electric arc additive manufacturing equipment, and performing electric arc additive manufacturing according to a preset additive manufacturing path; applying current through roller electrodes to assist electric arc additive manufacturing of the magnesium alloy component;
(5) After the additive manufacturing of one layer of magnesium alloy component is finished, keeping the relative positions of the additive manufacturing welding gun and the two roller electrodes unchanged, and moving the working platform to perform the arc additive manufacturing of the next layer of magnesium alloy component according to the additive manufacturing path until the arc additive manufacturing of the whole magnesium alloy component is finished.
Preferably, the auxiliary current applying device further comprises two L-shaped adjusting supports, the end parts of the two L-shaped adjusting supports are fixedly connected with first insulating gaskets, the two roller electrodes are respectively connected with the first insulating gaskets through springs, in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, the springs enable the roller electrodes to be always in contact with the front and rear positions of a molten pool of the electric arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component, and meanwhile, the roller electrodes and the L-shaped adjusting supports are insulated through the first insulating gaskets.
Preferably, the width of the roller electrode is equal to the width of each layer of arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component.
Preferably, the radius of the roller electrode is 5-10mm.
Preferably, the distance between the contact point of the roller electrode and the magnesium alloy component and the center of the molten pool is kept between 15 and 20 mm.
Preferably, the magnesium alloy member is a Mg-Mn-based member, a Mg-Al-Zn-based member, or a Mg-Zn-Zr-based member.
Preferably, the arc additive manufacturing mode is cold metal transition arc additive manufacturing or consumable electrode gas protection arc additive manufacturing.
Preferably, the process parameters of the additive manufacturing welding gun are as follows: the current is 100-200A, the wire feeding speed is 4-10m/min, the diameter of a welding wire in a wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun is 1.6mm, the welding speed is 400-900mm/min, the distance between the wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun and the additive manufacturing surface is 3-8mm, and the wire feeding angle of the additive manufacturing welding gun is 40-80 degrees.
Preferably, the parameters of the auxiliary current applying device are as follows: the current auxiliary frequency is 100-1000HZ, the pulse width is 20-100 mus, and the effective current density is 300-800A/mm 2 。
Preferably, the magnesium alloy member is a straight-wall type magnesium alloy member or a cylindrical type magnesium alloy member.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy component by the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing is adopted, and the additional applied current acts on the liquid alloy melt of the additive manufacturing molten pool, so that the interaction can generate an electromagnetic stirring effect, the flow in the melt is promoted, the dendritic crystal is broken or fused, and finally the crystal grains of the formed part are refined;
2. according to the method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy component by the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing is adopted, and the additional applied current acts on a liquid alloy melt of an additive manufacturing molten pool, so that a joule heating effect can be generated by interaction of the liquid alloy melt and the liquid alloy melt, coarse dendritic crystals in a solidification process are remelted, and the final crystal structure is refined and uniformly distributed;
3. in the method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy component by the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing is adopted, the additional current is applied to the liquid alloy melt of the additive manufacturing molten pool, the Peltier effect can be generated by the interaction of the current and the liquid alloy melt, the temperature of the solid phase of the liquid alloy melt of the additive manufacturing molten pool is increased by the part of heat, and the part with the more prominent solid phase is melted, so that the contact interface tends to be smooth and round, and the further growth of dendrites is inhibited;
4. the method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy component by the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing not only can manufacture the straight-wall magnesium alloy component and the cylindrical magnesium alloy component by the arc additive manufacturing, but also can manufacture the magnesium alloy component with more complicated shape by descending and rotating the working platform. Meanwhile, in the additive manufacturing process, the additive manufacturing welding gun is fixed, and the working platform moves, so that the stability of electric arcs in the additive manufacturing process is greatly improved, and the performance of the additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component is improved.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has prominent substantive features and remarkable progress, and the beneficial effects of the implementation are also obvious.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a state in which arc additive manufacturing of a straight-wall type magnesium alloy member is performed by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary current applying apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the relative positions of the roller electrode and the molten bath.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a cylindrical magnesium alloy member manufactured by arc additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-additive manufacturing welding gun, 2-roller electrode, 3-L-shaped adjusting bracket, 4-magnesium alloy component, 5-magnesium alloy substrate, 6-insulating gasket II, 7-working platform, 8-insulating gasket I, 9-spring and 10-molten pool.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the following explains the present solution by way of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
(1) Drawing a three-dimensional model of the additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component 4 by using computer software, layering by using additive manufacturing slicing software, and determining an additive manufacturing path of each layer;
(2) Cleaning the magnesium alloy substrate 5, fixing the magnesium alloy substrate on a working platform 7, and arranging a second insulating gasket 6 between the magnesium alloy substrate 5 and the working platform 7;
(3) Setting the process parameters of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 and the parameters of the auxiliary current applying device:
the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 comprises the following technological parameters: the current is 100-200A, the preferred current is 120A, the wire feeding speed is 4-10m/min, the preferred wire feeding speed is 5m/min, the welding speed is 400-900mm/min, the preferred welding speed is 600mm/min, the distance from the wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 to the additive manufacturing surface is 3-8mm, the distance from the wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 to the additive manufacturing surface is 7mm, the diameter of a welding wire in the wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 is 1.6mm, the wire feeding angle of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 is 40-80 degrees, the preferred wire feeding angle of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 is 60 degrees, and the angle can ensure a good forming effect;
the parameters of the auxiliary current applying device are as follows: the current auxiliary frequency is 100-1000Hz, preferably 500Hz, the pulse width is 40-70 μ s, preferably 50-60 μ s, and the effective current density is 300-800A/mm 2 Preferably, the effective current density is 400A/mm 2 (ii) a The technological parameters of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1, the parameters of the auxiliary current applying device and the contact position of the pulse current on the magnesium alloy component 4 are independently adjusted, but the relative position in the manufacturing process is always kept unchanged, and the optimal manufacturing effect can be obtained through independent control; the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 and the roller electrode 2 can be independently adjusted in position and angle respectively, but the relative positions of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 and the roller electrode are always kept unchanged in the additive manufacturing process;
(4) Placing an additive manufacturing welding gun at a forming starting point position, and respectively placing two roller electrodes in an auxiliary current applying device at the front and rear positions of a molten pool in the electric arc additive manufacturing process; the distance between the contact point of the roller electrode and the magnesium alloy component and the center of the molten pool is kept between 15 and 20 mm; starting an auxiliary current applying device and arc additive manufacturing equipment, and performing arc additive manufacturing according to a preset additive manufacturing path; applying current through the roller electrode 2 to assist electric arc additive manufacturing of the magnesium alloy component 4;
(5) After additive manufacturing of one layer of magnesium alloy component 4 is completed, keeping the relative positions of the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 and the two roller electrodes 2 unchanged, moving the working platform 7 to perform electric arc additive manufacturing of the next layer of magnesium alloy component 4 according to an additive manufacturing path until the electric arc additive manufacturing of the whole magnesium alloy component 4 is completed, keeping the additive manufacturing welding gun 1 in a stationary state in a forming process, and realizing the additive manufacturing of the magnesium alloy component 4 from bottom to top through the movement of the working platform 7.
The auxiliary current applying device further comprises two L-shaped adjusting supports 3,L, the adjusting supports 3 can achieve arbitrary change of angles and positions of the roller electrodes 2 in the material increase manufacturing process, relative positions of the roller electrodes 2 and the molten pool 10 are kept unchanged, the end portions of the two L-shaped adjusting supports 3 are fixedly connected with first insulating gaskets 8 respectively, the two roller electrodes 2 are connected with the first insulating gaskets 8 through springs 9 respectively, in the electric arc material increase manufacturing process, the springs 9 enable the roller electrodes 2 to be always in contact with front and rear positions of the molten pool 10 of the electric arc material increase manufacturing magnesium alloy component 4, and meanwhile, the roller electrodes 2 and the L-shaped adjusting supports 3 are insulated through the first insulating gaskets 8.
The width of the roller electrode 2 is equal to that of each layer of the arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component 4, preferably, the width of the roller electrode 2 is 10mm, the radius of the roller electrode 2 is 5-10mm, and preferably, the radius of the roller electrode 2 is 9mm.
The magnesium alloy member 4 is a Mg-Mn-based member, a Mg-Al-Zn-based member, or a Mg-Zn-Zr-based member, and the structural form of the magnesium alloy member 4 is a straight-wall type magnesium alloy member or a cylindrical type magnesium alloy member. The mode of electric arc additive manufacturing is cold metal transition electric arc additive manufacturing or consumable electrode gas protection electric arc additive manufacturing.
In the method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy component by the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, in the additive manufacturing process, the auxiliary current acts on the metal melt to generate a magnetic field, the distribution of the magnetic field in the metal melt is gradually reduced from the edge to the center, the change of the magnetic field can cause different electromagnetic force gradients so as to enable the melt to flow, and the melt flow reduces the superheat degree on one hand, reduces the temperature gradient of the melt and promotes the dissociation of primary crystal nuclei of the shaped wall; on the other hand, the melt flow velocity is different to generate shearing force, so that the dendritic crystal is broken or fused, and finally the crystal grains of the formed part are refined. In addition, when current passes through the metal melt, joule heating effect is generated, thereby causing the temperature of the melt to change in the current passing region. The joule heat effect is equivalent to an increased heat source in the melt solidification system, and for the whole metal melt, the joule heat effect can reduce the overall cooling speed of the melt solidification system and reduce the supercooling degree. Especially when the action system is a state that solid and liquid phases exist simultaneously, because the resistivity of liquid metal of the same material is smaller than that of the solid state by one or even several orders of magnitude, the solid phase is a flow channel for current to preferentially select, so that the heat effect generated in the solid phase is larger than that of the adjacent liquid phase, and the increased heat completely has the possibility of promoting the solid phase to be remelted, at least can promote the reduction of the temperature gradient at the solidification interface and the simultaneous solidification of the whole solidification system. Therefore, the Joule heat effect can enable the coarse dendrites in the solidification process to be remelted, and the final crystal structure is refined and uniformly distributed. In the additive manufacturing melt, because the electrical conductivity difference between the solid phase and the liquid phase is large, when two materials with different electrical conductivities are contacted, a potential difference is generated on a contact surface. Therefore, under the action of current, the contact interface of the two phases can generate the Peltier effect, the temperature of the solid phase is increased by the heat, and the part with the more prominent solid phase is melted, so that the contact interface tends to be smooth and round, the further growth of dendrites is inhibited, the microstructure of the magnesium alloy component 4 manufactured by electric arc additive manufacturing is effectively improved, and the strength and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy component 4 are improved.
Therefore, in the method for manufacturing the magnesium alloy component by the current-assisted arc additive manufacturing, in the process of manufacturing the magnesium alloy by the arc additive manufacturing, the extra current is applied to the liquid alloy melt of the additive manufacturing molten pool, and the physical effects such as electromagnetic stirring, joule heating effect, peltier effect and the like generated by the interaction of the current and the liquid alloy melt are utilized to inhibit the growth of dendrites, refine crystal grains, homogenize the component distribution, finally effectively improve the microstructure of the magnesium alloy component 4 manufactured by the arc additive manufacturing, and improve the strength and plasticity of the magnesium alloy component 4.
Technical features not described in the present invention can be implemented by the prior art, and are not described in detail herein. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and variations, modifications, additions and substitutions which are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the invention may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy component by current-assisted arc additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Drawing a three-dimensional model of the additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component by using computer software, layering by using additive manufacturing slicing software, and determining an additive manufacturing path of each layer;
(2) Cleaning a magnesium alloy substrate and fixing the magnesium alloy substrate on a working platform;
(3) Setting technological parameters of an additive manufacturing welding gun and parameters of an auxiliary current applying device;
(4) Placing an additive manufacturing welding gun at a forming starting point position, and respectively placing two roller electrodes in an auxiliary current applying device at the front and rear positions of a molten pool in the electric arc additive manufacturing process; starting an auxiliary current applying device and arc additive manufacturing equipment, and performing arc additive manufacturing according to a preset additive manufacturing path; applying current to assist electric arc additive manufacturing of a magnesium alloy component through a roller electrode;
(5) After the additive manufacturing of one layer of magnesium alloy component is finished, keeping the relative positions of the additive manufacturing welding gun and the two roller electrodes unchanged, and moving the working platform to perform the arc additive manufacturing of the next layer of magnesium alloy component according to the additive manufacturing path until the arc additive manufacturing of the whole magnesium alloy component is finished;
the auxiliary current applying device further comprises two L-shaped adjusting supports, the end portions of the two L-shaped adjusting supports are fixedly connected with first insulating gaskets, two roller electrodes are connected with the first insulating gaskets through springs respectively, in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, the springs enable the roller electrodes to be always in contact with the front and rear positions of a molten pool of the electric arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component, meanwhile, the roller electrodes and the L-shaped adjusting supports are insulated through the first insulating gaskets, the width of each roller electrode is equal to that of each layer of electric arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy component, and a distance of 15-20mm is kept between the contact point of each roller electrode and each magnesium alloy component and the center of the molten pool.
2. The method of current-assisted arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy components according to claim 1, wherein: the radius of the roller electrode is 5-10mm.
3. The method of current-assisted arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy components according to claim 2, wherein: the magnesium alloy member is a Mg-Mn series member, a Mg-Al-Zn series member or a Mg-Zn-Zr series member.
4. A method of current assisted arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy components as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the mode of electric arc additive manufacturing is cold metal transition electric arc additive manufacturing or consumable electrode gas protection electric arc additive manufacturing.
5. The method of current-assisted arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy components according to claim 4, wherein: the additive manufacturing welding gun comprises the following technological parameters: the current is 100-200A, the wire feeding speed is 4-10m/min, the diameter of a welding wire in a wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun is 1.6mm, the welding speed is 400-900mm/min, the distance between the wire feeding nozzle of the additive manufacturing welding gun and an additive manufacturing surface is 3-8mm, and the wire feeding angle of the additive manufacturing welding gun is 40-80 degrees.
6. The method of current-assisted arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy components according to claim 5, wherein: the parameters of the auxiliary current applying device are as follows: the current auxiliary frequency is 100-1000HZ, the pulse width is 20-100 mus, and the effective current density is 300-800A/mm 2 。
7. The method of current-assisted arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy components of claim 6, wherein: the magnesium alloy component is a straight-wall type magnesium alloy component or a cylindrical type magnesium alloy component.
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