CN114079376A - Voltage conversion circuit and method, power management chip and mobile terminal - Google Patents
Voltage conversion circuit and method, power management chip and mobile terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN114079376A CN114079376A CN202010808308.4A CN202010808308A CN114079376A CN 114079376 A CN114079376 A CN 114079376A CN 202010808308 A CN202010808308 A CN 202010808308A CN 114079376 A CN114079376 A CN 114079376A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a voltage conversion circuit and method, a power management chip and a mobile terminal, wherein the voltage conversion circuit comprises at least two energy storage units, a plurality of power supply branches and a control unit, one end of each energy storage unit is used for being connected with a power supply, the other end of each energy storage unit is connected with the plurality of power supply branches, and the control unit is respectively connected with the plurality of energy storage units and the plurality of power supply branches; each energy storage unit comprises an inductor, wherein two energy storage units are respectively a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit; the first energy storage unit is used for converting the voltage of the power supply into a preset voltage and outputting the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches under the control of the control unit; each power supply branch is used for converting a preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage under the control of the control unit; the control unit is used for controlling the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit to work in parallel when the output currents of the power supply branches are larger than the first preset current. The voltage conversion circuit can improve the power efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of intelligent terminals, in particular to a voltage conversion circuit and method, a power management chip and a mobile terminal.
Background
With the increase of functions and the increasing of performance of the mobile terminal, a manufacturing process of a chip adopted by the mobile terminal is rapidly developed, and low power supply voltage and low power consumption of the chip become pursuits, so that the requirement of the mobile terminal on a power supply is higher and higher, and the division of the power supply voltage is thinner and thinner.
The conventional mobile terminal generally adopts the BUCK circuit to convert the voltage of the system power supply into each power supply voltage, and the working current of the BUCK circuit does not correspond to the optimal efficiency interval of the BUCK circuit element, so that the power supply conversion efficiency of the BUCK circuit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a voltage conversion circuit and method, a power management chip and a mobile terminal, so that power conversion efficiency is improved.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a voltage conversion circuit, including: the energy storage device comprises at least two energy storage units, a plurality of power supply branches and a control unit, wherein one ends of the energy storage units are used for being connected with a power supply, the other ends of the energy storage units are connected with the power supply branches, and the control unit is respectively connected with the energy storage units and the power supply branches;
each energy storage unit comprises an inductor, wherein two energy storage units are respectively a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit;
the first energy storage unit is used for converting the voltage of the power supply into a preset voltage and outputting the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches under the control of the control unit;
each power supply branch circuit is used for converting the preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage under the control of the control unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit to work in parallel when the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches are larger than a first preset current.
The control unit is used for controlling the first energy storage unit to convert the voltage of the power supply into preset voltage and outputting the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches and controlling each power supply branch to convert the preset voltage into corresponding power supply voltage, when the output current of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than the first preset current, the second energy storage unit is controlled to work in parallel with the first energy storage unit, the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit share the output current of the plurality of power supply branches, the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit can work in a larger current interval, the power efficiency of the voltage conversion circuit is improved, and the working current of the inductor of the first energy storage unit is smaller than the maximum allowable output current of the inductor, so that the normal work of the circuit is guaranteed.
In one possible embodiment, the number of energy storage cells is smaller than the number of supply branches. Through the scheme that this embodiment provided, the cooperation of energy storage unit and power supply branch road, the quantity of the supply voltage who obtains is greater than the quantity of energy storage unit, has reduced the quantity of energy storage unit, reduces the PCB board area that voltage conversion circuit occupy, reduce cost.
In one possible design, the energy storage unit further includes a first electronic switch and a freewheeling element; the first end of the first electronic switch is used for being connected with the power supply, the second end of the first electronic switch is connected with the first end of the inductor, and the control end of the first electronic switch is connected with the control unit; the first end of the follow current element is connected with the first end of the inductor, and the second end of the follow current element is grounded; the second end of the inductor is connected with the plurality of power supply branches. Through the scheme provided by the embodiment, the control unit controls the on and off frequency of the first electronic switch and the follow current function of the follow current element, so that the magnitude of the voltage output by the first energy storage element is controlled.
In one possible design, the follow current element is a follow current electronic switch, a first end and a second end of the follow current element respectively correspond to the first end and the second end of the follow current electronic switch, and a control end of the follow current electronic switch is connected with the control unit.
In one possible design, the freewheeling element is a freewheeling diode, and the first end and the second end of the freewheeling element correspond to the cathode and the anode of the freewheeling diode, respectively.
In one possible design, the power supply branch comprises a second electronic switch and a capacitor; the first end of the second electronic switch is connected with the second end of the inductor, the second end of the second electronic switch is connected with the first end of the capacitor, and the control end of the second electronic switch is connected with the control unit; the second end of the capacitor is grounded; the second end of the second electronic switch outputs the supply voltage. Through the scheme that this embodiment provided, through the frequency that the second electronic switch was switched on and cut off of control unit control, and then can control the size of the voltage that every power supply branch road output to make every power supply branch road output a corresponding supply voltage, realize converting preset voltage into supply voltage.
In a possible design, the energy storage device further comprises a leakage unit, the leakage unit is connected between the energy storage unit and the power supply branches, and the leakage unit is configured to perform leakage on the output current of the energy storage unit under the control of the control unit when the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches is greater than a second preset current. Through the scheme that this embodiment provided, the part that the bleeder current unit is greater than the second and predetermines the electric current to the output current of the energy storage unit of parallel work carries out the bleeder current, can make the output current of the energy storage unit of parallel work for stable second and predetermine the electric current to guarantee the stability of the supply voltage of power supply branch output.
In one possible design, the bleeder unit includes a third electronic switch, a first terminal of the third electronic switch is connected to the second terminal of the inductor, a second terminal of the third electronic switch is grounded, and a control terminal of the third electronic switch is connected to the control unit. Through the scheme that this embodiment provided, the control unit controls the frequency of switching on and cutting off of third electronic switch, and then the size of the electric current that flows from third electronic switch is controlled to the part that is greater than the second and predetermines the electric current with the output current of the energy storage unit of parallel operation drains to ground, makes the output current of the energy storage unit of parallel operation be the second and predetermines the electric current.
In a possible design, the power supply system further comprises a feedback unit, the feedback unit is respectively connected with the second end of the second electronic switch and the control unit, the feedback unit is used for detecting the power supply voltage of each power supply branch and feeding the power supply voltage back to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the second electronic switch according to the power supply voltage fed back by the feedback unit. Through the scheme that this embodiment provided, the feedback unit detects the supply voltage of every power supply branch road and feeds back to the control unit can finely tune the second electronic switch according to supply voltage's change, maintains supply voltage's stability.
In a possible design, the power supply device further comprises a detection unit, the detection unit is connected between the energy storage unit and the power supply branch circuit, the detection unit is further connected with the control unit, and the detection unit is used for detecting the output current of the energy storage unit and transmitting the output current to the control unit. Through the scheme provided by the embodiment, the output currents of the energy storage units can be flexibly detected.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a power management chip, including the voltage conversion circuit of any of the above designs.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a mobile terminal, including a power supply, a plurality of loads, and the power management chip according to the second aspect, wherein each of the power supply branches is connected to one or more of the loads, and each of the power supply branches is configured to transmit a power supply voltage to a corresponding one or more of the loads to supply power to the loads.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a voltage conversion method, including:
controlling the first energy storage unit to convert the voltage of the power supply into a preset voltage and output the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches;
controlling each power supply branch circuit to convert the preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage;
detecting output currents of the plurality of power supply branches;
and when the output current of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than a first preset current, the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit are controlled to work in parallel.
Through the scheme that this embodiment provided, through the output current who detects a plurality of power supply branch roads, and when the output current of a plurality of power supply branch roads is greater than first when predetermineeing the electric current, control second energy storage unit and first energy storage unit parallel work, make first energy storage unit and second energy storage unit share the output current of a plurality of power supply branch roads jointly, first energy storage unit and second energy storage unit homoenergetic are enough worked on great electric current interval, thereby improve voltage conversion circuit's power efficiency, and can guarantee that the operating current of the inductance of first energy storage unit is less than the maximum allowable output current of inductance, thereby guarantee the normal work of circuit.
In one possible design, the voltage conversion method further includes:
and when the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than a second preset current, the output current of the energy storage unit is drained.
In one possible design, the voltage conversion method further includes:
detecting the power supply voltage of each power supply branch circuit;
and adjusting the second electronic switch according to the power supply voltage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a voltage conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a voltage converting circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a voltage converting circuit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a voltage converting circuit according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a voltage conversion method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a voltage conversion method according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" means two or more unless specified or indicated otherwise; the terms "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, integrally connected, or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The mobile terminal includes a Power supply, a Power Management Unit (PMU), and various loads. The power source may be a lithium battery. The power management unit typically includes a BUCK circuit and/or an LDO (low dropout regulator). The load may be an SOC (System on Chip), an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a camera, a CPU (central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a handset, a microphone, or the like. When the power management unit uses the BUCK Circuit to convert the voltage of the power supply into the power supply voltage for each load, one BUCK Circuit outputs one power supply voltage, and thus, the number of required BUCK circuits is large, for example, the number of BUCK circuits of some mobile terminals exceeds 20, and the BUCK Circuit occupies most of the area of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which is high in cost.
BUCK circuits, also known as BUCK circuits, typically include a switching transistor, an inductor, a capacitor, and a freewheeling diode. The BUCK circuit can form a switching power supply together with other devices. Generally, the maximum allowable output current of each component constituting the switching power supply is 5A, which is the maximum current that the component can bear, and when the operating current of the component is greater than the maximum allowable output current, the component may be damaged. The operating current of the conventional switching power supply is generally small, however, the optimal efficiency of the switching power supply is generally in a region with large current, for example, the operating current of the switching power supply with an output voltage of 1.1V is generally less than 150mA, the optimal efficiency of the power supply is in a region with current greater than 350mA, and the power supply efficiency of the conventional switching power supply is low.
The optimal efficiency interval of the switching power supply is within a certain working current interval of the switching power supply and within a larger working current interval of the switching power supply. When the switching power supply works in the optimal efficiency range, the power supply efficiency of the switching power supply is higher.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a voltage conversion circuit for converting a voltage of a power supply 100 into a supply voltage for supplying power to each load. The voltage conversion circuit includes at least two energy storage units 10, a plurality of power supply branches 20, and a control unit 30. One end of each of the energy storage units 10 is used for connecting to a power supply 100, and the other end of each of the energy storage units 10 is connected to a plurality of power supply branches 20. The control unit 30 is connected to the energy storage units 10 and the power supply branches 20, respectively. Each energy storage unit 10 includes an inductor, and two of the energy storage units 10 are a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit, respectively. The first energy storage unit is configured to convert a voltage of the power supply 100 into a preset voltage and output the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches 20 under the control of the control unit 30. Each of the power supply branches 20 is configured to convert a preset voltage into a corresponding one of the power supply voltages under the control of the control unit 30. The control unit 30 is configured to control the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit to work in parallel when the output current of the plurality of power supply branches 20 is greater than the first preset current.
It should be noted that the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit work in parallel, that is, the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit are both in a working state under the control of the control unit 30, and the control unit 30 respectively controls the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit independently, and the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit work independently without affecting each other. The first predetermined current is a maximum allowable output current of the inductor. The inductance values of the inductances of each energy storage cell 10 may be different from each other.
Illustratively, the supply voltage may be 0.6V, 0.9V, 1.1V, 1.3V, 1.8V, 1.95V, etc.
The control unit 30 controls the first energy storage unit to convert the voltage of the power supply 100 into a preset voltage and output the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches 20, and controls each power supply branch 20 to convert the preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage, and when the output current of the plurality of power supply branches 20 is greater than the first preset current, the control unit controls the second energy storage unit to work in parallel with the first energy storage unit, so that the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit share the output current of the plurality of power supply branches 20 together, and both the first energy storage unit and the second energy storage unit can work in a larger current interval, thereby improving the efficiency of the power supply 100 of the voltage conversion circuit, and ensuring that the working current of the inductor of the first energy storage unit is less than the maximum allowable output current of the inductor, thereby ensuring the normal work of the circuit.
In one embodiment, the number of energy storage cells 10 is smaller than the number of power supply branches 20.
The quantity of energy storage unit 10 is less than the quantity of power supply branch 20 to energy storage unit 10 and the cooperation of power supply branch 20, the quantity of the power supply voltage who obtains is greater than the quantity of energy storage unit 10, that is to say that a power supply voltage's output need not to occupy an energy storage unit 10, thereby has reduced the quantity of energy storage unit 10, reduces the PCB board area that voltage conversion circuit occupy, reduce cost.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the energy storage unit 10 further includes a first electronic switch Q1 and a freewheeling element. A first terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 is configured to be connected to the power supply 100, a second terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to a first terminal of the inductor L1, and a control terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to the control unit 30. A first end of the freewheel element is connected to a first end of the inductor L1, and a second end of the freewheel element is grounded. A second terminal of the inductor L1 is connected to the plurality of supply branches 20. First terminals of the plurality of first electronic switches Q1 are shown connected to an input terminal IN, which is connected to the power supply 100.
The control unit 30 may control the magnitude of the voltage output by the inductor L1 by transmitting a first control signal to the control terminal of the first electronic switch Q1, controlling the frequency of turning on and off the first electronic switch Q1, and by the freewheeling action of the freewheeling element.
Further, the freewheel element may be a freewheel electronic switch Q2, a first end and a second end of the freewheel element correspond to the first end and the second end of the freewheel electronic switch Q2, respectively, and a control end of the freewheel electronic switch Q2 is connected to the control unit 30. The control unit 30 also controls the frequency of turn-on and turn-off of the freewheel electronic switch Q2 by transmitting a second control signal to the third terminal of the freewheel electronic switch Q2. When the first control signal transmitted by the control unit 30 makes the first electronic switch Q1 turn on and off at the first preset frequency, and the second control signal transmitted makes the freewheel electronic switch Q2 turn on and off at the second preset frequency, the voltage output by the inductor L1 is the preset voltage. The output voltage of inductor L1 is less than the voltage of power supply 100.
The first control signal and the second control signal may be PWM (Pulse width modulation) signals, and the frequencies of the first control signal and the second control signal may be the same or different.
The first electronic switch Q1 may be a PMOS transistor, the freewheeling electronic switch Q2 may be an NMOS transistor, the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the first electronic switch Q1 respectively correspond to the drain, the source, and the gate of the PMOS transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the freewheeling electronic switch Q2 respectively correspond to the drain, the source, and the gate of the NMOS transistor. The first electronic switch Q1 and the follow current electronic switch Q2 adopt metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, and have the advantages of low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range and easiness in integration. The first electronic switch Q1 may also be a PNP transistor, the freewheel electronic switch Q2 may also be an NPN transistor, the first end, the second end, and the control end of the first electronic switch Q1 respectively correspond to the collector, the emitter, and the base of the PNP transistor, and the freewheel electronic switch Q2 respectively corresponds to the collector, the emitter, and the base of the NPN transistor.
The freewheel element may also be a freewheel diode, and the first end and the second end of the freewheel element correspond to the cathode and the anode of the freewheel diode, respectively. The freewheeling element adopts the diode, so that the cost is low.
The control unit 30 controls the on-off frequency of the first electronic switch Q1, so as to control the voltage and current output by the inductor L1, so that the inductor L1 outputs a preset voltage and a preset current, thereby implementing the voltage conversion of the power supply 100.
In one embodiment, the power branch 20 includes a second electronic switch Q3 and a capacitor C1. A first terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1, a second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C1, and a control terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is connected to the control unit 30. The second terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to ground. A second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 serves as an output terminal OUT of the supply voltage, outputting the supply voltage. The supply voltage is less than the preset voltage.
The control unit 30 may control the on and off frequency of the second electronic switch Q3 by transmitting a third control signal to the control terminal of the second electronic switch Q3, so as to control the magnitude of the voltage output by the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3. The control unit 30 may cause each power supply branch 20 to output a different power supply voltage by transmitting a different third control signal to the second electronic switch Q3 of the different power supply branch 20.
The third control signal may be a PWM (Pulse width modulation) signal.
The second electronic switch Q3 may be an NMOS transistor, the first end, the second end, and the control end of the second electronic switch Q3 correspond to the drain, the source, and the gate of the NMOS transistor, respectively, and the second electronic switch Q3 employs a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which has the advantages of low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, and easy integration. The second electronic switch Q3 may be an NPN transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 correspond to the collector, the emitter, and the base of the NPN transistor, respectively.
The capacitor C1 is used for stabilizing and filtering the supply voltage output from the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3, so that the supply voltage output from the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is a constant voltage.
The control unit 30 controls the on-off frequency of the second electronic switch Q3, so as to control the voltage output by each power supply branch 20, so that each power supply branch 20 outputs a corresponding power supply voltage, and the preset voltage is converted into the power supply voltage.
In one embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit further includes a current draining unit 40, where the current draining unit 40 is connected between the energy storage unit 10 and the power supply branches 20, and the current draining unit 40 is configured to drain the output current of the energy storage unit 10 under the control of the control unit 30 when a sum of output currents of the plurality of power supply branches 20 is greater than a second preset current.
It is understood that the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches 20 is equal to the sum of the currents output by the energy storage units 10 operating in parallel, and the control unit 30 may directly or indirectly detect the output current of each power supply branch 20.
When the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches 20 is greater than the second preset current, the part of the output current of the energy storage units 10 working in parallel, which is greater than the second preset current, is drained through the drainage unit 40, so that the output current of the energy storage units 10 working in parallel is the stable second preset current, and the stability of the power supply voltage output by the power supply branches 20 is ensured.
Further, the bleeder unit 40 comprises a third electronic switch Q4, a first terminal of the third electronic switch Q4 is connected to the second terminal of the inductor L1, a second terminal of the third electronic switch Q4 is grounded, and a control terminal of the third electronic switch Q4 is connected to the control unit 30.
The control unit 30 may control the on and off frequency of the third electronic switch Q4 by transmitting a fourth control signal to the control terminal of the third electronic switch Q4, and further control the magnitude of the current flowing out of the third electronic switch Q4, so as to drain the part of the output current of the energy storage units 10 working in parallel, which is greater than the second preset current, to the ground, so that the output current of the energy storage units 10 working in parallel is the second preset current.
The fourth control signal may be a PWM (Pulse width modulation) signal.
The third electronic switch Q4 may be an NMOS transistor, the first end, the second end, and the control end of the third electronic switch Q4 correspond to the drain, the source, and the gate of the NMOS transistor, respectively, and the third electronic switch Q4 employs a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which has the advantages of low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, and easy integration. The third electronic switch Q4 may also be an NPN transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the third electronic switch Q4 correspond to the collector, the emitter, and the base of the NPN transistor, respectively.
Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the voltage converting circuit further includes a feedback unit 50, the feedback unit 50 is respectively connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 and the control unit 30, the feedback unit 50 is configured to detect the power supply voltage of each power supply branch 20 and feed the detected power supply voltage back to the control unit 30, and the control unit 30 adjusts the second electronic switch Q3 according to the power supply voltage fed back by the feedback unit 50. First terminals of the plurality of first electronic switches Q1 are shown connected to an input terminal IN, which is connected to the power supply 100. A second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 serves as an output terminal OUT for the supply voltage.
The feedback unit 50 detects the power supply voltage of each power supply branch 20 and feeds the detected power supply voltage back to the control unit 30, so that the control unit 30 can finely adjust the second electronic switch Q3 according to the change of the power supply voltage, and the power supply voltage is maintained stable. For example, the supply voltage normally output by the power supply branch 20 is 1.1V, and when the feedback unit 50 detects that the supply voltage of the power supply branch 20 is greater than or less than 1.1V at a certain time, the control unit 30 adjusts the frequency of the PWM signal transmitted to the second electronic switch Q3, so that the supply voltage of the power supply branch 20 is maintained at 1.1V.
In one embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit further includes a detection unit 60, the detection unit 60 is connected between the energy storage unit 10 and the power supply branch 20, the detection unit 60 is further connected with the control unit 30, and the detection unit 60 is configured to detect an output current of the energy storage unit 10 and transmit the output current to the control unit 30.
The detecting unit 60 may be a sampling resistor R1, and the control unit 30 obtains the current flowing through the sampling resistor R1, that is, the output current of the energy storage units 10 operating in parallel, by detecting the voltage across the sampling resistor R1 and calculating.
The control unit 30 can flexibly detect the output current of the energy storage unit 10 by the detection unit 60.
When the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches 20 match the total inductance value of the inductors working in parallel, the power efficiency of the voltage conversion circuit is in the optimal efficiency range.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a voltage converting circuit according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit includes i inductors L11 to L1i, i switches Q11 to Q1i, and 5 power supply branches 20. Vin is a voltage of the power supply 100, one end of the inductor L11 is connected to the first common terminal a1 through the switch Q11, the other end of the inductor L11 is connected to the second common terminal a2, one end of the inductor L12 is connected to the first common terminal a1 through the switch Q12, the other end of the inductor L12 is connected to the second common terminal a2, and so on, one end of the inductor L1i is connected to the first common terminal a1 through the switch Q1i (not shown), and the other end of the inductor L1i is connected to the second common terminal a 2. The switch Q11 includes a first electronic switch Q1 and a freewheeling electronic switch Q2, a first end of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to the first common end a1, a second end of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to an end of an inductor, a control end of the first electronic switch Q1 is connected to the control unit 30, a first end of the freewheeling electronic switch Q2 is connected to an end of an inductor, a second end of the freewheeling electronic switch Q2 is connected to ground, and a third end of the freewheeling electronic switch Q2 is connected to the control unit 30. The first common terminal a1 receives the voltage Vin of the power supply 100. Each power supply branch 20 includes a second electronic switch Q3 and a capacitor C1, a first terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is connected to the second common terminal a2, a second terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is connected to a first terminal of the capacitor C1, a control terminal of the second electronic switch Q3 is connected to the control unit 30, and a second terminal of the capacitor C1 is grounded. Wherein, the first ends of the 5 capacitors C1 output 5 power supply voltages of 0.9V, 1.1V, 1.3V, 1.8V and 1.95V respectively. Each supply voltage may power one load 80 or may power multiple loads 80. I is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
The control unit 30 may first control n switches of the i switches to be turned on, for example, the switches Q11 to Q1n are turned on, and the inductors L11 to L1n work in parallel, so that the power supply 100 charges the inductors L11 to L1n, and the voltages and currents output by the inductors L11 to L1n to the second common terminal a2 are the first voltage and the first current, respectively. Meanwhile, the control unit 30 transmits PWM signals of 5 frequencies to the second electronic switch Q3, so that the first terminals of the 5 capacitors C1 output 5 supply voltages of 0.9V, 1.1V, 1.3V, 1.8V, and 1.95V, respectively.
Wherein n is an integer less than or equal to i. The control unit 30 controls the corresponding one of the switches to be turned on by transmitting the PWM signal to the first electronic switch Q1 and the freewheel electronic switch Q2 of each switch.
The control unit 30 detects the first current output from the second common terminal a 2. The first current is the sum of the currents of the 5 power supply branches 20, that is, the sum of the currents of the loads connected to the 5 power supply branches 20.
When the first current is 0-100 mA, the control unit 30 selects m inductors from the i inductors, controls the switches corresponding to the m inductors to be turned on, and turns off the switches corresponding to the remaining i-m inductors, at this time, the turned-on m inductors work in parallel, and the total inductance value of the parallel work of the m inductors is greater than or equal to 1 uH. When the first current is 0-100 mA, m inductors with the total inductance value larger than 1uH are controlled to work in parallel, and the power efficiency of the voltage conversion circuit can be in an optimal efficiency range. Wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i.
When the first current is 100mA to 1A, the control unit 30 selects x inductors from the i inductors, controls the switches corresponding to the x inductors to be turned on, and turns off the switches corresponding to the remaining i to x inductors, at this time, the turned-on x inductors work in parallel, and the total inductance value of the parallel work of the x inductors is 110nH to 1 uH. When the first current is 100 mA-1A, x inductors with the total inductance value of 110 nH-1 uH are controlled to work in parallel, and the power efficiency of the voltage conversion circuit can be in the optimal efficiency interval. Wherein x is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i.
Specifically, when i is equal to 5, the voltage conversion circuit includes 5 inductors L11 to L15 and 5 switches Q11 to Q15. Inductance values of the 5 inductors L11-L15 are 1uH, 470nH, 110nH and 110nH respectively. When the first current is 0 to 100mA, the control unit 30 may control the switch Q11 to be turned on, and the switches Q12 to Q15 to be turned off, so that the inductor L11 operates, and the inductors L12 to L15 do not operate. When the first current is 1A, the control unit 30 may control the inductor L14 or the inductor L15 with the inductance value of 110nH to operate, that is, control the switch Q14 to be turned on, the switches Q11 to Q13 and the switch Q15 to be turned off, the inductor L14 to operate, the inductors L11 to L13 and the inductor L15 to be inoperative, or control the switch Q15 to be turned on, the switches Q11 to Q14 to be turned off, the inductor L15 to operate, and the inductors L11 to L14 to be inoperative.
When the first current is greater than 1A, the control unit 30 selects y inductors from the i inductors, controls the switches corresponding to the y inductors to be turned on, and turns off the switches corresponding to the remaining i to y inductors, at this time, the turned-on y inductors work in parallel, and the total inductance value of the parallel work of the y inductors is less than 110 nH. When the first current is larger than 1A, the y inductors with the total inductance value smaller than 110nH are controlled to work in parallel, and the power efficiency of the voltage conversion circuit can be in the optimal efficiency range. Wherein y is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to i.
The maximum allowable output current of a single inductor does not exceed 5A, and if the first current is greater than 5A, the current capacity of the single inductor cannot meet the current requirement of the load 80, for example, when the first current is 8A, the current capacity of the single inductor cannot meet the current requirement of 8A of the load 80, the control unit 30 needs to select 2 or more inductors from the i inductors to operate, so that the inductors operate at the optimal efficiency point.
The first current output by the second common terminal a2 may also be a current in a smaller interval, such as 100 mA-500 mA, 500 mA-1A, 1A-2A, when the first current is 100 mA-500 mA or 500 mA-1A or 1A-2A, the control unit 30 controls switches corresponding to 2 or more than 2 inductors in the i inductors to be turned on, and switches corresponding to the remaining inductors to be turned off, so that the currents output by the 5 power supply branches 20 may better match the optimal efficiency point of the inductor operation.
It should be noted that, when the control unit 30 controls 2 or more than 2 inductors to work in parallel, the control of the switches corresponding to the inductors is independent and does not affect each other. The control unit 30 independently controls the switches corresponding to each inductor by transmitting PWM signals of different frequencies to the switches corresponding to the respective inductors. The control unit 30 can transmit the PWM signal with the corresponding frequency to the switch corresponding to the inductor according to the inductance value of the inductor, for example, the control unit 30 transmits the PWM signal with the smaller frequency to the switch corresponding to the inductor with the larger inductance value, and transmits the PWM signal with the larger frequency to the switch corresponding to the inductor with the smaller inductance value.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a power management chip, where the power management chip includes the voltage conversion circuit in any of the above embodiments.
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application further provides a mobile terminal, which includes a power supply 100, a plurality of loads 200, and the power management chip. Each power supply branch 20 is connected with one load 200 or a plurality of loads 200, and each power supply branch 20 is used for transmitting a power supply voltage to one or a plurality of corresponding loads 200 so as to supply power to the loads 200. In fig. 5, the number of loads 200 corresponds to the number of power supply branches 20, and one power supply branch 20 supplies power to one load 200. The load 200 may be various chips in the mobile terminal.
Referring to fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a voltage conversion method, which is applied to the voltage conversion circuit according to any of the above embodiments, and the method includes:
step S10, the first energy storage unit is controlled to convert the voltage of the power supply into a preset voltage and output the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches.
And step S20, controlling each power supply branch to convert the preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage.
In step S30, output currents of the plurality of power supply branches are detected.
And step S40, when the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches are larger than the first preset current, controlling the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit to work in parallel.
Through the output current who detects a plurality of power supply branch roads, and when the output current of a plurality of power supply branch roads is greater than first predetermined current, control second energy storage unit and first energy storage unit parallel work, make first energy storage unit and second energy storage unit share the output current of a plurality of power supply branch roads jointly, first energy storage unit and second energy storage unit homoenergetic work on great electric current interval, thereby improve voltage conversion circuit's power efficiency, and can guarantee that the operating current of the inductance of first energy storage unit is less than the maximum allowable output current of inductance, thereby guarantee the normal work of circuit.
In one embodiment, the voltage conversion method further includes:
and when the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than a second preset current, the output current of the energy storage unit is drained.
When the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than the second preset current, the part of the output current of the energy storage units working in parallel, which is larger than the second preset current, is drained, so that the output current of the energy storage units working in parallel can be the stable second preset current, and the stability of the power supply voltage output by the power supply branches is ensured.
Referring to fig. 7, in one embodiment, the voltage conversion method further includes:
step S101, detecting a power supply voltage of each power supply branch.
And step S102, adjusting the second electronic switch according to the power supply voltage.
The second electronic switch can be finely adjusted according to the change of the power supply voltage by detecting the power supply voltage of the power supply branch, so that the stability of the power supply voltage is maintained.
For the specific definition of the voltage conversion method, reference may be made to the above definition of the voltage conversion circuit, which is not described herein again.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A voltage conversion circuit, comprising: the energy storage device comprises at least two energy storage units, a plurality of power supply branches and a control unit, wherein one ends of the energy storage units are used for being connected with a power supply, the other ends of the energy storage units are connected with the power supply branches, and the control unit is respectively connected with the energy storage units and the power supply branches;
each energy storage unit comprises an inductor, wherein two energy storage units are respectively a first energy storage unit and a second energy storage unit;
the first energy storage unit is used for converting the voltage of the power supply into a preset voltage and outputting the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches under the control of the control unit;
each power supply branch circuit is used for converting the preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage under the control of the control unit;
the control unit is used for controlling the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit to work in parallel when the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches are larger than a first preset current.
2. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 1, wherein the number of energy storage cells is less than the number of power supply branches.
3. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 1, wherein the energy storage unit further comprises a first electronic switch and a freewheeling element; the first end of the first electronic switch is used for being connected with the power supply, the second end of the first electronic switch is connected with the first end of the inductor, and the control end of the first electronic switch is connected with the control unit; the first end of the follow current element is connected with the first end of the inductor, and the second end of the follow current element is grounded; the second end of the inductor is connected with the plurality of power supply branches.
4. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 3, wherein the freewheeling element is a freewheeling electronic switch, the first end and the second end of the freewheeling element correspond to the first end and the second end of the freewheeling electronic switch, respectively, and the control end of the freewheeling electronic switch is connected to the control unit.
5. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 3, wherein the freewheeling element is a freewheeling diode, and wherein the freewheeling element has first and second ends corresponding to the cathode and anode of the freewheeling diode, respectively.
6. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 3, wherein the power supply branch comprises a second electronic switch and a capacitor; the first end of the second electronic switch is connected with the second end of the inductor, the second end of the second electronic switch is connected with the first end of the capacitor, and the control end of the second electronic switch is connected with the control unit; the second end of the capacitor is grounded; the second end of the second electronic switch outputs the supply voltage.
7. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a current draining unit, connected between the energy storage unit and the power supply branches, wherein the current draining unit is configured to drain the output current of the energy storage unit under the control of the control unit when a sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches is greater than a second preset current.
8. The voltage conversion circuit of claim 7, wherein the bleeder unit comprises a third electronic switch, a first terminal of the third electronic switch is connected to the second terminal of the inductor, a second terminal of the third electronic switch is grounded, and a control terminal of the third electronic switch is connected to the control unit.
9. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 6, further comprising a feedback unit, wherein the feedback unit is respectively connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch and the control unit, the feedback unit is configured to detect a supply voltage of each power supply branch and feed the supply voltage back to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the second electronic switch according to the supply voltage fed back by the feedback unit.
10. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a detection unit, wherein the detection unit is connected between the energy storage unit and the power supply branch, the detection unit is further connected with the control unit, and the detection unit is configured to detect an output current of the energy storage unit and transmit the output current to the control unit.
11. A power management chip comprising a voltage conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A mobile terminal, comprising a power supply, a plurality of loads, and the power management chip according to claim 11, wherein each of the power supply branches is connected to one or more of the loads, and each of the power supply branches is configured to transmit a power supply voltage to one or more corresponding loads to supply power to the loads.
13. A voltage conversion method applied to the voltage conversion circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the method comprising:
controlling the first energy storage unit to convert the voltage of the power supply into a preset voltage and output the preset voltage to the plurality of power supply branches;
controlling each power supply branch circuit to convert the preset voltage into a corresponding power supply voltage;
detecting output currents of the plurality of power supply branches;
and when the output current of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than a first preset current, the second energy storage unit and the first energy storage unit are controlled to work in parallel.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
and when the sum of the output currents of the plurality of power supply branches is larger than a second preset current, the output current of the energy storage unit is drained.
15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
detecting the power supply voltage of each power supply branch circuit;
and adjusting the second electronic switch according to the power supply voltage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010808308.4A CN114079376A (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | Voltage conversion circuit and method, power management chip and mobile terminal |
| PCT/CN2021/111998 WO2022033507A1 (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2021-08-11 | Voltage conversion circuit and method, and power source management chip and mobile terminal |
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| CN202010808308.4A CN114079376A (en) | 2020-08-12 | 2020-08-12 | Voltage conversion circuit and method, power management chip and mobile terminal |
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| CN114860017A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-05 | 芯海科技（深圳）股份有限公司 | LDO circuit, control method, chip and electronic equipment |
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| US7498783B2 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2009-03-03 | Dell Products L.P. | Extending the continuous mode of operation for a buck converter |
| CN1996730A (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2007-07-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-efficiency synchronization current adjusting and voltage-reduction switch convertor |
| JP2014226026A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-12-04 | ローム株式会社 | Dc/dc converter and electronic apparatus using the same |
| US10389344B2 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2019-08-20 | Mediatek Inc. | Voltage supply circuits and controlling methods therefor |
| CN105119482B (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2018-07-24 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | The buck-boost type circuit and its control method of single inductance multi output |
| CN105515376B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-06-29 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | Voltage regulator circuit and its control method based on single inductance multi output |
| CN110875730A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | 三星电子株式会社 | Single-inductor multi-output converter and control method thereof |
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| CN114860017A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-05 | 芯海科技（深圳）股份有限公司 | LDO circuit, control method, chip and electronic equipment |
| CN114860017B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-09-26 | 芯海科技（深圳）股份有限公司 | LDO circuit, control method, chip and electronic equipment |
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