CN114068048A - Low-pressure safety injection system, method and medium for reactor core pressure vessel of nuclear reactor - Google Patents

Low-pressure safety injection system, method and medium for reactor core pressure vessel of nuclear reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114068048A
CN114068048A CN202111368752.XA CN202111368752A CN114068048A CN 114068048 A CN114068048 A CN 114068048A CN 202111368752 A CN202111368752 A CN 202111368752A CN 114068048 A CN114068048 A CN 114068048A
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China
Prior art keywords
pressure
water
low
safety injection
reactor core
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CN202111368752.XA
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Inventor
马海福
党高健
李喆
邱志方
邓坚
丁书华
陈伟
李仲春
吴丹
钱立波
申亚欧
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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Priority to CN202111368752.XA priority Critical patent/CN114068048A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/24Promoting flow of the coolant
    • G21C15/243Promoting flow of the coolant for liquids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-pressure safety injection system, a low-pressure safety injection method and a medium for a reactor core pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor, and the low-pressure safety injection system, the method and the medium comprise a full-pressure water supplementing system, a low-pressure safety injection system, an ADS pressure relief system and a control system, wherein the water outlet end of the full-pressure water supplementing system is communicated with a descending ring cavity of the pressure vessel, the water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection system is communicated with an upper cavity of the pressure vessel, the pressure relief end of the ADS pressure relief system is communicated with the top of a voltage stabilizer of the pressure vessel, and the signal end of the control system is respectively and electrically connected with the signal ends of the full-pressure water supplementing system, the low-pressure safety injection system and the ADS pressure relief system. According to the invention, when the pressure of the coolant system is higher, the reactor core is replenished through the full-pressure water replenishing system, when the water level of the reactor core water replenishing tank is reduced, the valve of the ADS pressure relief system is opened, the pressure of the coolant system is continuously relieved through the ADS pressure relief system, the pressure of the reactor core is reduced, and then the water is replenished through the low-pressure safety injection system injected into the upper cavity, so that the long-term submergence and effective cooling of the reactor core are realized.

Description

Low-pressure safety injection system, method and medium for reactor core pressure vessel of nuclear reactor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor safety, in particular to a low-pressure safety injection system, a low-pressure safety injection method and a low-pressure safety injection medium for a reactor core pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor.
Background
The safety injection system (RSI, safety injection system for short) is one of important safety facilities specially designed for nuclear reactors, plays an important role in safety, and has the main functions of injecting cooling water into a reactor core under the operating condition of loss of coolant accident, and guiding out stored energy and heat of decay of fission products from the reactor core to ensure effective cooling of the reactor core, thereby maintaining the integrity of fuel cladding of the reactor core.
In general, a reactor core water supplement tank and a low-pressure safety injection system for an integrated small reactor are used for dealing with a cold section break loss of coolant accident. During actual operation, the system pressure is low, the ADS system resistance is high, further pressure relief is difficult, and therefore water injected by low-pressure safety injection can bypass from the breach and cannot enter the reactor core and effectively cool the reactor core. Meanwhile, because the temperature and the pressure of the reactor core are high, the pressure in the reactor core hanging basket is higher than the pressure of the descending ring cavity, and the bypass effect of low-pressure installation water is intensified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the effective cooling of a reactor core cannot be completed due to the bypass effect caused by high system pressure, and aims to provide a low-pressure safety injection system, a low-pressure safety injection method and a low-pressure safety injection medium for a reactor core pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor, so that the problem of effective cooling after the reactor core is broken is solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a nuclear reactor core pressure vessel low pressure safety injection system comprising:
the water outlet end of the full-pressure water supplementing system is communicated with a descending ring cavity of the pressure container;
the water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection system is communicated with the upper cavity of the pressure container;
the ADS pressure relief system is characterized in that a pressure relief end of the ADS pressure relief system is communicated with the top of a pressure stabilizer of the pressure container;
and the signal end of the control system is respectively and electrically connected with the signal ends of the full-pressure water supplementing system, the low-pressure safety injection system and the ADS pressure relief system.
Specifically, the full pressure water charging system includes:
the reactor core water supplementing tank is arranged above the descending ring cavity, and cooling water is arranged in the reactor core water supplementing tank;
the water replenishing isolation valve is arranged on a pipeline between the reactor core water replenishing tank and the pressure vessel;
a water level detector which is provided in the core makeup tank and detects a water level of cooling water in the core makeup tank;
and the control end of the water replenishing isolating valve and the signal end of the water level detector are electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
Preferably, the number of the core makeup tanks is multiple, and the core makeup tanks are all communicated with the pressure vessel through the makeup isolation valve.
Specifically, the low pressure safety injection system includes:
the material changing water tank is internally provided with cooling water;
the water inlet end of the low-pressure safety injection pump is communicated with the refueling water tank, and the water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection pump is communicated with the pressure container;
and the control end of the low-pressure safety injection pump is electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
Specifically, the ADS pressure relief system includes:
the water inlet end of the pressure relief water tank is communicated with the pressure stabilizer;
the ADS pressure relief valve is arranged on a pipeline between the pressure relief water tank and the voltage stabilizer;
and the control end of the pressure relief valve is electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
A low-pressure safety injection method of a nuclear reactor core pressure vessel is based on the low-pressure safety injection system of the nuclear reactor core pressure vessel, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the upper branch pipe of the pressure vessel is broken, detecting that the pressure of a system in the reactor is reduced;
controlling the water replenishing isolating valve to open, and injecting cooling water in the reactor core water replenishing tank into the pressure container;
receiving water level information of the reactor core water replenishing tank sent by the water level detector;
when the water level in the reactor core water replenishing tank is lower than the low water level setting value, controlling the ADS pressure relief valve to open;
and when the pressure of the system in the reactor is reduced to the low-pressure safety injection setting value, controlling the low-pressure safety injection pump to be started.
Preferably, the system pressure in the reactor is reduced to the low-pressure safety injection setting value before the water level of the core makeup water tank is reduced to the lowest value.
Specifically, the water supplementing isolation valve, the ADS pressure relief valve and the low-pressure safety injection pump are all controlled by control signals sent by a control system, and the control system receives water level information sent by the water level detector.
Specifically, the reactor core water supplementing tank is arranged at a position where the gravitational potential energy is greater than that of the pressure vessel, cold water is arranged in the reactor core water supplementing tank, the density of the cold water is greater than that of hot water in the descending cavity, and cooling water in the reactor core water supplementing tank flows into the pressure vessel under the action of gravity and density difference.
A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of a method of low pressure safety injection of a nuclear reactor vessel as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, when the pressure of the coolant system is higher, the reactor core is replenished through the full-pressure water replenishing system, when the water level of the reactor core water replenishing tank is reduced, the valve of the ADS pressure relief system is opened, the pressure of the coolant system is continuously relieved through the ADS pressure relief system, the pressure of the reactor core is reduced, and then the water is replenished through the low-pressure safety injection system injected into the upper cavity, so that the long-term submergence and effective cooling of the reactor core are realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-pressure safety injection system of a nuclear reactor core pressure vessel according to the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a pressure vessel, 2-a reactor core water supplementing tank, 3-a water supplementing isolation valve, 4-a voltage stabilizer, 5-a pressure relief tank, 6-an ADS pressure relief valve, 7-a refueling water tank, 8-a low-pressure safety injection pump and 10-a breach.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention.
It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
Example one
A low-pressure safety injection system of a reactor core pressure vessel 1 of a nuclear reactor comprises a full-pressure water supplementing system, a low-pressure safety injection system and an ADS pressure relief system.
The water outlet end of the full-pressure water supplementing system is communicated with a descending ring cavity of the pressure container 1;
the full-pressure water supplementing system comprises a reactor core water supplementing tank 2, a water supplementing isolation valve 3 and a water level detector.
The reactor core water supplementing tank 2 is arranged above the descending ring cavity, cooling water is arranged in the reactor core water supplementing tank 2, the reactor core water supplementing tank 2 is arranged above the descending ring cavity, so that the cooling water in the reactor core water supplementing tank 2 has high gravitational potential energy and high density, and therefore after the water supplementing isolation valve 3 is opened, the cooling water can directly flow into the pressure container 1 under the action of gravity and density difference, and water supplementing operation is conducted on the pressure container 1.
The water replenishing isolation valve 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the reactor core water replenishing tank 2 and the pressure vessel 1; through setting up moisturizing isolation valve 3 for when need not carrying out the moisturizing, can guarantee not being connected of reactor core makeup water tank 2 and pressure vessel 1.
The water level detector is arranged in the reactor core water replenishing tank 2 and is used for detecting the water level of cooling water in the reactor core water replenishing tank 2, so that the phenomenon that the water replenishing function of the pressure vessel 1 is failed due to unconsciousness after the cooling water in the reactor core water replenishing tank 2 is emptied is avoided.
The pressure relief end of the ADS pressure relief system is communicated with the top of a pressure stabilizer 4 of the pressure vessel 1;
the ADS pressure relief system comprises a pressure relief water tank 5 and an ADS pressure relief valve 6.
The water inlet end of the pressure relief water tank 5 is communicated with the pressure stabilizer 4, and the ADS pressure relief valve 6 is arranged on a pipeline between the pressure relief water tank 5 and the pressure stabilizer 4;
the pressure stabilizer 4 detects the pressure of the pressure vessel 1, and after the pressure in the pressure vessel 1 reaches a certain value after being supplemented with water by the full-pressure water supplementing system, the ADS pressure relief valve 6 is controlled to be opened, the cooling water in the pressure vessel 1 is discharged into the pressure relief water tank 5, and finally the purpose of reducing the pressure of the reactor core is achieved.
The water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection system is communicated with the upper cavity of the pressure container 1;
the low-pressure safety injection system comprises a refueling water tank 7 and a low-pressure safety injection pump 8.
Cooling water is arranged in the refueling water tank 7 and used for cooling the reactor core, when the internal pressure of the reactor core meets the requirement of low-pressure safety injection, the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 is controlled to be started, the water inlet end of the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 is communicated with the refueling water tank 7, and the water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 is communicated with the pressure container 1;
and the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 pumps the cooling water in the refueling water tank 7 into the pressure vessel 1 and flows down from the upper chamber to effectively cool the reactor core.
In order to realize the automatic control of the full-pressure water charging system, the low-pressure safety injection system, and the ADS pressure relief system, the control system in this embodiment may be a control system of a nuclear reactor, and the full-pressure water charging system, the low-pressure safety injection system, and the ADS pressure relief system may be controlled only by writing a new control program into the control system of the nuclear reactor.
And the signal end of the control system is respectively and electrically connected with the signal ends of the full-pressure water supplementing system, the low-pressure safety injection system and the ADS pressure relief system.
Specifically, the control end of the water replenishing isolation valve 3 and the signal end of the water level detector are electrically connected with the signal end of the control system, the control end of the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 is electrically connected with the signal end of the control system, and the control end of the pressure relief valve is electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
In addition, according to the actual condition of the pressure vessel 1, the number of the core water replenishing tanks 2 can be set to be plural, and the plural core water replenishing tanks 2 are communicated with the pressure vessel 1 through the water replenishing isolation valves 3, so that a more effective water replenishing function is realized.
Example two
The present embodiment is a nuclear reactor core pressure vessel 1 low-pressure safety injection method of a nuclear reactor core pressure vessel 1 low-pressure safety injection system in an embodiment one, including:
when a breach 10 occurs in the pressure vessel 1, the coolant is sprayed out from the breach 10 to cause the system pressure to be reduced, and at the moment, the original pressure detection device in the pressure vessel 1 detects the reduction of the system pressure in the reactor, and sends a signal of the pressure reduction to the control system;
under the condition of a loss of coolant accident, the control system detects that the system pressure is reduced, when the system pressure is reduced to a certain setting value, a control signal is sent to control the water supplementing isolation valve 3 to be opened, and because the reactor core water supplementing tank 2 is arranged at a position where the gravitational potential energy is greater than that of the pressure vessel 1, cooling water in the reactor core water supplementing tank 2 is injected into the pressure vessel 1 under the action of gravity and density difference, and the cooling water is supplemented to the pressure vessel 1;
after the cooling water in the reactor core water replenishing tank 2 flows out, the water level is reduced, and the control system receives the water level information of the reactor core water replenishing tank 2 sent by the water level detector;
when the water level in the reactor core water replenishing tank 2 is lower than a low water level setting value (which is set in advance according to specific conditions), the control system sends out a control signal to control the ADS pressure relief valve 6 to be opened, and the ADS pressure relief system reduces the pressure of the system in the nuclear reactor.
When the pressure of the system in the reactor is reduced to a low-pressure safety injection setting value (which is set according to the configuration of the low-pressure safety injection system so that the low-pressure safety injection system can work normally), the control system sends out a control signal to control the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 to be started.
And cooling water in the refueling water tank 7 is injected into the reactor core from the upper cavity, so that continuous depressurization of the in-reactor system and effective cooling of the reactor core are realized.
In actual setting, it is required to ensure that the system pressure in the reactor is reduced to the low-pressure safety injection setting value before the water level of the reactor core makeup water tank 2 is reduced to the minimum value, so as to avoid that the low-pressure safety injection system cannot be normally started after all the cooling water in the reactor core makeup water tank 2 is discharged, thereby causing a fault in the pressure vessel 1.
The water supplementing isolation valve 3, the ADS pressure relief valve 6 and the low-pressure safety injection pump 8 are all controlled by control signals sent by a control system, and the control system receives water level information sent by the water level detector.
EXAMPLE III
The method of the second embodiment may be implemented in a control system, or may be implemented in a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the low pressure safety injection method for the nuclear reactor core pressure vessel 1.
Without loss of generality, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instruction data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid state storage technology, CD-ROM, DVD, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that computer storage media is not limited to the foregoing. The system memory and mass storage devices described above may be collectively referred to as memory.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment/mode," "some embodiments/modes," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment/mode or example is included in at least one embodiment/mode or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to be the same embodiment/mode or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments/modes or examples. Furthermore, the various embodiments/aspects or examples and features of the various embodiments/aspects or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without conflicting therewith.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the above invention and still be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A nuclear reactor core pressure vessel low pressure safety injection system, comprising:
the water outlet end of the full-pressure water supplementing system is communicated with a descending ring cavity of the pressure container;
the water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection system is communicated with the upper cavity of the pressure container;
the ADS pressure relief system is characterized in that a pressure relief end of the ADS pressure relief system is communicated with the top of a pressure stabilizer of the pressure container;
and the signal end of the control system is respectively and electrically connected with the signal ends of the full-pressure water supplementing system, the low-pressure safety injection system and the ADS pressure relief system.
2. The nuclear reactor core pressure vessel low pressure safety injection system of claim 1, wherein the full pressure makeup system comprises:
the reactor core water supplementing tank is arranged above the descending ring cavity, and cooling water is arranged in the reactor core water supplementing tank;
the water replenishing isolation valve is arranged on a pipeline between the reactor core water replenishing tank and the pressure vessel;
a water level detector which is provided in the core makeup tank and detects a water level of cooling water in the core makeup tank;
and the control end of the water replenishing isolating valve and the signal end of the water level detector are electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
3. The nuclear reactor core pressure vessel low pressure safety injection system of claim 2, wherein the number of the core makeup tanks is plural, and the plural core makeup tanks are all communicated with the pressure vessel through the makeup water isolation valve.
4. The nuclear reactor core pressure vessel low pressure safety injection system of claim 3, comprising:
the material changing water tank is internally provided with cooling water;
the water inlet end of the low-pressure safety injection pump is communicated with the refueling water tank, and the water outlet end of the low-pressure safety injection pump is communicated with the pressure container;
and the control end of the low-pressure safety injection pump is electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
5. The nuclear reactor core pressure vessel low pressure safety injection system of claim 4, wherein the ADS pressure relief system comprises:
the water inlet end of the pressure relief water tank is communicated with the pressure stabilizer;
the ADS pressure relief valve is arranged on a pipeline between the pressure relief water tank and the voltage stabilizer;
and the control end of the pressure relief valve is electrically connected with the signal end of the control system.
6. A low-pressure safety injection method for a nuclear reactor core pressure vessel, which is based on the low-pressure safety injection system for the nuclear reactor core pressure vessel of claim 5, and comprises the following steps:
when the upper branch pipe of the pressure vessel is broken, detecting that the pressure of a system in the reactor is reduced;
controlling the water replenishing isolating valve to open, and injecting cooling water in the reactor core water replenishing tank into the pressure container;
receiving water level information of the reactor core water replenishing tank sent by the water level detector;
when the water level in the reactor core water replenishing tank is lower than the low water level setting value, controlling the ADS pressure relief valve to open;
and when the pressure of the system in the reactor is reduced to the low-pressure safety injection setting value, controlling the low-pressure safety injection pump to be started.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the system pressure in the reactor core is reduced to the low-pressure safety injection setting value before the water level of the core makeup tank is reduced to a minimum value.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the water-replenishing isolation valve, the ADS pressure relief valve and the low-pressure safety injection pump are controlled by control signals sent by a control system, and the control system receives water level information sent by the water level detector.
9. The method of claim 6 wherein the core makeup tank is positioned at a location where gravitational potential energy is greater than that of the pressure vessel, the core makeup tank contains cold water at a density greater than that of the hot water in the downcomer cavity, and the cooling water in the core makeup tank flows into the pressure vessel under the influence of gravity and the density difference.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a nuclear reactor vessel low pressure safety injection method as recited in claim 6.
CN202111368752.XA 2021-11-18 2021-11-18 Low-pressure safety injection system, method and medium for reactor core pressure vessel of nuclear reactor Pending CN114068048A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06201883A (en) * 1992-02-25 1994-07-22 Hitachi Ltd Boiling water reactor facility
CN109903863A (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-18 华龙国际核电技术有限公司 A kind of safety injection system and nuclear power system
CN210956180U (en) * 2019-10-31 2020-07-07 华龙国际核电技术有限公司 Nuclear power safety injection system and nuclear power system
CN111916233A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-11-10 中国核动力研究设计院 Small pressurized water reactor safety injection system combining passive and active functions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06201883A (en) * 1992-02-25 1994-07-22 Hitachi Ltd Boiling water reactor facility
CN109903863A (en) * 2017-12-11 2019-06-18 华龙国际核电技术有限公司 A kind of safety injection system and nuclear power system
CN210956180U (en) * 2019-10-31 2020-07-07 华龙国际核电技术有限公司 Nuclear power safety injection system and nuclear power system
CN111916233A (en) * 2020-08-13 2020-11-10 中国核动力研究设计院 Small pressurized water reactor safety injection system combining passive and active functions

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