CN114062846A - Alternating current transmission line protection method and system - Google Patents

Alternating current transmission line protection method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114062846A
CN114062846A CN202111340577.3A CN202111340577A CN114062846A CN 114062846 A CN114062846 A CN 114062846A CN 202111340577 A CN202111340577 A CN 202111340577A CN 114062846 A CN114062846 A CN 114062846A
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fault
protection
line
setting value
transmission line
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束洪春
杨光成
唐玉涛
韩一鸣
鲍成名
阳仁国
张宇
吴玉容
刘力滔
薄志谦
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured

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  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a system for protecting an alternating current transmission line, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems. The method comprises the steps of firstly collecting electric signals at two ends of a line, and calculating to obtain a double-end protection signal. Obtaining fault current increment I of two sides of line according to double-end protection signal∑mAnd I∑n(ii) a Obtaining a fault characteristic quantity I according to the fault current increment∑(ii) a Comparing the fault characterization quantity with the setting value so as to judge the faults inside and outside the area; if the positive direction is defined, the obtained line fault characterization quantity I∑Less than a preset setting value IsetJudging that the protection of the external fault does not act; if the obtained line fault characterization quantity I∑Greater than a preset setting value IsetAnd judging the operation as the in-zone fault protection operation. The protection method of the invention is suitable for various complex toolsIn case of a large number of protection criteria, the protection criteria are simple and reliable.

Description

Alternating current transmission line protection method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for protecting an alternating current transmission line, and belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems.
Background
The electric energy is closely related to national economy and social development, and a long-time power failure can bring many negative effects and huge economic losses to the society. With the vigorous development of the electric power industry in China, more and more high-voltage power grids are put into operation, and the electric power system becomes complicated and interconnected, which provides a new challenge for protecting high-voltage transmission lines. Alternating current transmission is an important part for ensuring normal work of a power grid, when an alternating current transmission line has a fault, if the fault cannot be quickly and accurately removed, power supply interruption or unstable electric energy transmission can be caused, even a power grid safety accident can be caused, and system disconnection can be caused. Therefore, the reliable, rapid, accurate and selective removal of the line fault has great significance for ensuring the electric energy transmission of the transmission line, and is the primary problem to be solved for the safe operation of the power system. The traditional protection method is restricted by slow action speed after fault, and is not suitable for the requirements of the existing high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage transmission lines on protection speed. Therefore, a power transmission line protection method that can operate quickly and reliably is needed.
The existing pilot protection links two ends of a power transmission line through communication equipment, has very good protection performance, and has higher action speed than conventional protection. Therefore, any power transmission line adopts the pilot protection principle as the main protection of the line. However, when the transmission distance of the high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage transmission lines is longer, the fault characteristics are not obvious when weak faults such as small fault angle faults, high-resistance faults and the like occur on the lines, and the traditional protection criterion is not high in reliability and is easy to cause protection failure. The conventional pilot protection cannot solve the reliability problem faced by the weak fault of the power transmission line, and because the fault characteristics are not obvious and a fault signal is distorted and attenuated to a certain extent in the process of propagating along a line, the differential current in a fault in a region may not reach the action value set by the protection, and the polarity of the fault current at two ends of the line is not obvious. Therefore, neither current differential protection nor direction (polarity) comparison protection can operate reliably.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a protection method and a system for an alternating current transmission line, which can reliably and accurately judge faults inside and outside a region without being influenced by fault angles and fault transition resistances, are suitable for various complex working conditions such as small fault angles, high-resistance faults and the like, and have simple and reliable protection criteria, thereby solving the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a protection method for an alternating current transmission line comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: acquiring electrical signals at two ends of a line, and calculating to obtain a double-end protection signal;
step 2: obtaining fault current increment I of two sides of line according to double-end protection signal∑mAnd I∑n；
Step 3: obtaining a fault characteristic quantity I according to the fault current increment∑；
Step 4: setting value I is setsetCharacterization of the fault quantity I∑And a setting value IsetAnd comparing to judge whether the protection acts.
The method comprises the steps of firstly collecting electric signals at two ends of a line, carrying out real-time transformation on the collected electric signals at the two ends of the line, decoupling and transforming three-phase alternating current air quantity into line-mode components, then respectively extracting fault current components at two ends of the line, and finally obtaining double-end protection signals through calculation.
Respectively carrying out summation operation on sampling point values of fault current components at two ends of the line at each moment in a short time window to obtain fault current increments I at two sides of the line∑mAnd I∑n。
The fault characterization quantity I sigma ═ I∑m+I∑n|。
The Step4 is specifically as follows:
setting value I is setsetCharacterization of the fault quantity I∑And a setting value IsetBy subtraction to give K, i.e. K ═ I∑-Iset；
If K is negative, i.e. the fault indicator I∑Less than setting value IsetIf the fault is judged to be an out-of-area fault, the protection is not operated;
if K is positive, i.e. the fault indicator I∑Greater than setting value IsetIf so, judging the fault in the area and protecting the action.
At a constant value of IsetThe error of the current transformer is considered during setting, and the fault characterization quantity I obtained due to calculation error or sampling error during the external fault∑May not be 0 and various considerations may be made to the effect of the interference condition. Therefore, I needs to be determined by considering the influence of various factors according to the actual situation of the linesetFor the ultra-high voltage line I after a large number of simulation verificationssetMay be set to 100.
An alternating current transmission line protection system comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring electrical signals at two ends of a protected line; the system is configured at any position of an AC line according to actual needs, and various electrical information of a plurality of places and a plurality of time domains of the AC line is obtained;
the data processing module is used for processing and converting the collected electrical signals to obtain double-end protection signals so as to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑；
A protection criterion module for determining the fault characteristic quantity I∑And a setting value IsetThe relation between the two faults judges the faults inside and outside the area to form a protection criterion;
and the protection execution module is used for protecting tripping or locking.
The sampling frequency of the data acquisition module is set to be 100KHZ or above, and the current information at two ends of the line is acquired.
The data processing module comprises:
the A/D conversion module is used for converting the acquired analog quantity into digital quantity, and extracting fault components to obtain double-end protection signals after the digital quantity is subjected to line-to-mode conversion decoupling;
a fault characterization quantity calculation module for calculating a fault characterization quantity I∑Thus forming a protection criterion.
The protection criterion module gives trip pulse when the area is in fault and gives locking signal when the area is out of fault.
Protect trip module, its effect lies in: the two ends of the line receive the tripping pulse, the breaker acts to trip off the fault phase, and the breaker does not act if at least one end receives the locking signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is applied to the protection of the alternating-current transmission line, and the protection method is suitable for various fault types and is not influenced by transition resistance and the position of a fault point, namely a fault angle. The method solves the reliability problems that the differential current may not reach the action value set by the protection in the area due to the fact that the fault characteristics are not obvious when the weak fault occurs in the power transmission line and the fault signals are distorted and attenuated to a certain degree in the process of being transmitted along the line, and the polarity of the fault current at two ends of the line is not obvious in the conventional pilot protection. The method can be suitable for power transmission line protection under various complex working conditions, and has the advantages of simple protection criterion, high protection action speed and high reliability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without implementing inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an AC transmission line system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal ac transmission line fault in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an AC transmission line out-of-range fault in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a state diagram of fault components addition in the ac transmission system zone in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is an additional state diagram of an extra-zone fault component of the ac transmission system of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a functional block diagram of an ac transmission line protection system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the ac transmission line of the present invention, and fig. 2 to 3 are schematic diagrams of the faults inside and outside the ac transmission line of the present invention. F1→F5For different fault locations within a zone, FM、FNIs the location of the out-of-range fault.
Fault location F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、FM、FNThe phase angle of the single-phase and metallic earth faults is 60 degrees, 70 degrees and 80 degrees.
A protection method for an alternating current transmission line comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: firstly, acquiring electrical signals at two sides of a power transmission line M, N, carrying out Kerenbauer (Karenbauer) conversion on the acquired electrical signals at two ends of the power transmission line in real time, decoupling and converting three-phase alternating current electric quantity into line-mode components, wherein a conversion formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003352243780000031
then, the fault current components at the two ends of the line are extracted according to the diagrams shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Step 2: respectively carrying out summation (accumulation) operation on sampling point values of fault component currents at two ends of the line at each moment in a short time window to obtain fault current increment I at two sides of the line∑mAnd I∑n。
Step 3: the obtained fault current increment I∑mAnd I∑nThe two are added to obtain an absolute value to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑：
I∑＝|I∑m+I∑n| (2)
According to the fault characterization quantity I∑And protection setting value IsetThe relation between them can be used to judge the internal and external faults.
Step 4: setting value I is setsetThe current transformer error is considered during setting, and the short-time window current fault characteristic quantity I obtained due to calculation error or sampling error during the external fault∑May not be 0 while taking into account the effects of various interference scenarios. Therefore, I needs to be determined by considering the influence of various factors according to the actual situation of the linesetAfter a large number of simulation verifications, I is shown for high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage linessetMay be set to 100.
Step 5: comparing the fault characteristics I∑And protection setting value IsetAnd (3) obtaining K by subtracting the two values:
K＝I∑-Iset (3)
judging the fault inside and outside the area according to the positive and negative of K, and protecting if K is regular; if K is negative, it is judged as an out-of-area fault, and the protection is not operated.
Wherein: the electrical signals at the two ends of the protected line are collected by the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module can be configured at any position of the AC line according to actual needs, and various electrical information of a plurality of positions and a plurality of time domains of the AC line can be acquired. The sampling frequency is set to be 100KHZ, and current information at two ends of a line is collected.
An alternating current transmission line protection system comprising:
the data processing module is used for processing, converting and calculating the acquired electrical signals to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑。
The data processing module specifically comprises: A/D conversion module, and failure characterization amount calculation module
The A/D conversion module is used for converting the analog quantity acquired by the CT into digital quantity;
a fault characterization quantity calculation module for calculating a fault characterization quantity I∑Thus forming a protection criterion. And after the obtained digital quantity is subjected to line-mode conversion decoupling, extracting fault components to obtain a double-end protection signal.
Respectively carrying out summation (accumulation) operation on sampling point values of fault component currents at two ends of the line at each moment in a short time window to obtain fault current increment I at two sides of the line∑mAnd I∑n。
Then obtaining the fault current increment I∑mAnd I∑nThe two are added to obtain an absolute value to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑. According to the fault characterization quantity I∑And a setting value IsetThe relationship between them constitutes the protection criterion.
A protection criterion module for extracting stored line fault characterization quantity I∑Then, it is compared with a preset setting value IsetObtaining K by difference; i.e. K ═ I∑-Iset. Judging the faults inside and outside the area according to the positive and negative of K; if K is regular, judging the fault in the area, and if K is negative, judging the fault outside the area; and a trip pulse is given out when the fault occurs in the area, and a locking signal is given out when the fault occurs outside the area.
The protection execution module has the functions of: the two ends of the line receive the tripping pulse, the breaker acts to trip off the fault phase, and the breaker does not act if at least one end receives the locking signal.
Establishing a high-voltage transmission line model as shown in figure 1 through PSCAD, and setting a fault position F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、FM、FNSetting single-phase metallic earth fault, the initial fault phase angle is 60 degree, 70 degree and 80 degree. The line protection operation conditions obtained by operating according to the implementation steps are shown in table 1:
Figure BDA0003352243780000051
table 1: protection action condition when single-phase grounding short circuit occurs at different positions along line through different fault angles
It can be seen from table 1 that the protection method is not affected by the fault angle, and can reliably determine the in-zone and out-zone faults of the line.
Example 2: fault location F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、FM、FNSingle-phase ground short circuit, two-phase ground short circuit, three-phase ground short circuit and two-phase short circuit faults with the fault transition resistance of 50 omega, 200 omega and 500 omega occur.
The implementation steps are as follows: firstly, electric signals on two sides of the power transmission line M, N are obtained, the collected electric signals on two ends of the line are subjected to Karenbauer (Karenbauer) conversion in real time, three-phase alternating current electric quantity is decoupled and converted into line-mode components, and then fault current components on two ends of the line are respectively extracted according to the results shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
Respectively carrying out summation (accumulation) operation on sampling point values of fault component currents at two ends of the line at each moment in a short time window to obtain fault current increment I at two sides of the line∑mAnd I∑n(ii) a The obtained fault current increment I∑mAnd I∑nThe two are added to obtain an absolute value to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑。
Setting protection setting value Iset: at a constant value of IsetThe error of the current transformer is considered during setting, and the short-time window current fault characteristic quantity I is obtained due to calculation error or sampling error during the external fault∑May not be 0 while taking into account the effects of various interference scenarios. Thus requiring line-by-lineIn practice, I is determined taking into account the influence of various factorssetFor high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage transmission lines, I is verified through a large number of simulationssetMay be set to 100.
Comparing the fault characteristics I∑And a setting value IsetThe size of the area is judged to be an internal and external fault. For specific details of the implementation reference is made to example 1.
The action conditions obtained by constructing a model through PSCAD and operating according to the implementation steps are shown in tables 2-5, wherein:
table 2 shows the protection behavior when various ground short circuits occur at different positions along the line via a 50 Ω transition resistor;
table 3 shows the protection behavior when various ground short circuits occur at different positions along the line via the 200 Ω transition resistor;
table 4 shows the protection behavior when various ground short circuits occur at different positions along the line via the 500 Ω transition resistor;
table 5 shows the protection behavior when two-phase short circuit occurs at different positions along the line via different transition resistances;
Figure BDA0003352243780000061
Figure BDA0003352243780000071
table 2: protection action condition when various grounding short circuits occur at different positions along the line through 50 omega transition resistor
Figure BDA0003352243780000072
Figure BDA0003352243780000081
Table 3: protection action condition when various grounding short circuits occur at different positions along the line through 200 omega transition resistors
Figure BDA0003352243780000082
Figure BDA0003352243780000091
Table 4: protection action condition when various grounding short circuits occur at different positions along the line through 500 omega transition resistor
Figure BDA0003352243780000092
Figure BDA0003352243780000101
Table 5: protection action situation when two-phase short circuit occurs at different positions along the line through different transition resistors
From the experimental results of tables 2-5, it can be seen that the method is not affected by the fault transition resistance, the type of fault. The device can reliably act when the fault occurs in the area, and can not malfunction when the fault occurs outside the area.
Example 3: fig. 6 is a functional block diagram of an ac transmission line protection system provided by the present invention, including:
the data acquisition module 301 is mainly used for acquiring electrical signals at two ends of a protected line;
the data processing module 302 is used for processing and converting the collected electrical signals to obtain double-end protection signals so as to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑；
A protection criterion module 303 for determining the fault characteristic quantity I sigma and the setting value IsetThe relationship between them constitutes the protection criterion;
a protection execution module 304, which acts on protection tripping; or the lock does not act and records the action condition;
the data acquisition module 301 specifically includes:
the analog quantity acquisition unit 3011 is configured to acquire voltage and current analog quantity signals at two ends of the line;
and a data storage unit 3012 for storing the fault current voltage waveform within a timing window.
The data processing module 302 specifically includes:
the A/D conversion unit 3021, which converts the collected fault voltage current analog quantity into a digital quantity;
a fault component extracting unit 3022 for calculating a fault characterizing quantity I∑Thus forming a protection criterion. And after the obtained digital quantity is subjected to line-mode conversion decoupling, extracting fault components to obtain a double-end protection signal.
Fault current increment calculation unit 3023: respectively carrying out summation (accumulation) operation on sampling point values of fault component currents at two ends of the line at each moment in a short time window to obtain fault current increment I at two sides of the line∑mAnd I∑n。
The failure characterizing amount calculating unit 3024: will obtain the fault current increment I∑mAnd I∑nThe two are added to obtain an absolute value to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑。
The protection execution module 304 specifically includes:
a protection trip unit 3041 acting on the circuit breaker trip;
and a trip recording unit 3042 for recording the protection action condition.
Specifically, the modules or units of this embodiment correspond to the first embodiment of the ac transmission line protection method one to one.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A protection method for an alternating current transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring electrical signals at two ends of a line, and calculating to obtain a double-end protection signal;
step 2: obtaining fault current increment I of two sides of line according to double-end protection signal∑mAnd I∑n；
Step 3: obtaining a fault characteristic quantity I according to the fault current increment∑；
Step 4: setting value I is setsetCharacterization of the fault quantity I∑And a setting value IsetAnd comparing to judge whether the protection acts.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step1 specifically comprises: the method comprises the steps of firstly collecting electric signals at two ends of a line, carrying out real-time transformation on the collected electric signals at the two ends of the line, decoupling and transforming three-phase alternating current air quantity into line-mode components, then respectively extracting fault current components at two ends of the line, and finally obtaining double-end protection signals through calculation.
3. The alternating current transmission line protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: respectively carrying out summation operation on sampling point values of fault current components at two ends of the line at each moment in a short time window to obtain fault current increments I at two sides of the line∑mAnd I∑n。
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: said fault characterizing quantity I∑＝|I∑m+I∑n|。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step4 specifically comprises: characterizing a fault quantity I∑And a setting value IsetBy subtraction to give K, i.e. K ═ I∑-Iset；
If K is negative, i.e. the fault indicator I∑Less than setting value IsetIf the fault is judged to be an out-of-area fault, the protection is not operated;
if K is positive, i.e. the fault indicator I∑Greater than setting value IsetThen, thenAnd judging the fault in the area and performing protection action.
6. An alternating current transmission line protection system, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring electrical signals at two ends of a protected line;
the data processing module is used for processing and converting the collected electrical signals to obtain double-end protection signals so as to obtain a fault characterization quantity I∑；
A protection criterion module for determining the fault characteristic quantity I∑And a setting value IsetThe relation between the two faults judges the faults inside and outside the area to form a protection criterion;
and the protection execution module is used for protecting tripping or locking.
7. The ac power transmission line protection system of claim 6, wherein: the sampling frequency of the data acquisition module is set to be 100KHZ or above, and the current information at two ends of the line is acquired.
8. The ac transmission line protection system of claim 6, wherein the data processing module comprises:
the A/D conversion module is used for converting the acquired analog quantity into digital quantity, and extracting fault components to obtain double-end protection signals after the digital quantity is subjected to line-to-mode conversion decoupling;
a fault characterization quantity calculation module for calculating a fault characterization quantity I∑Thus forming a protection criterion.
9. The ac power transmission line protection system of claim 6, wherein: the protection criterion module gives trip pulse when the area is in fault and gives locking signal when the area is out of fault.
CN202111340577.3A 2021-11-12 2021-11-12 Alternating current transmission line protection method and system Pending CN114062846A (en)

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