CN114062436B - Cold resistance comparison method for dormant branches of fruit trees - Google Patents
Cold resistance comparison method for dormant branches of fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN114062436B CN114062436B CN202111260219.1A CN202111260219A CN114062436B CN 114062436 B CN114062436 B CN 114062436B CN 202111260219 A CN202111260219 A CN 202111260219A CN 114062436 B CN114062436 B CN 114062436B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees, which comprises the following steps: cutting off a plurality of annual branches with consistent degree of coarseness, constant growth vigor and full branches of a plurality of varieties to be detected; dividing each branch into a plurality of sections equally, and obtaining a plurality of branches to be detected; maintaining the branch to be tested at a first preset temperature, and then reducing the environmental temperature of the branch to be tested to a test temperature; measuring and acquiring a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process; drawing a resistance value graph based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value and the third resistance values; and comparing the cold resistance of a plurality of varieties to be tested based on the resistance value curve graph. The method for comparing the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees has the advantages of simple measurement mode, short required time and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit trees, in particular to a method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees.
Background
The cold resistance of fruit trees is obviously different according to different varieties, and the search of a quick and simple cold resistance comparison method is an important content of the cold resistance breeding of the fruit trees. Although many scholars have found that the anatomical features of the leaves, the content change of the reducing sugar, the conductivity of the leaves and the like are all related to the cold resistance of the fruit trees and can be used as physiological indexes of the cold resistance of the fruit trees, the measurement method of the indexes is complicated and needs a long time, so that the practical application is limited to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for comparing the cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees, which has the advantages of simple measurement mode, short required time and wide application range.
According to one aspect of the invention, a comparison method for cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees is provided, which comprises the following steps:
cutting off a plurality of annual branches with consistent degree of coarseness, constant growth vigor and full branches of a plurality of varieties to be detected;
dividing each branch into a plurality of sections equally, and obtaining a plurality of branches to be detected;
maintaining the branch to be tested at a first preset temperature, and then reducing the environmental temperature of the branch to be tested to a test temperature;
measuring and acquiring a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process;
drawing a resistance value graph based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value and the third resistance values;
and comparing the cold resistance of a plurality of varieties to be tested based on the resistance value curve graph.
Preferably, the step of equally dividing each branch into a plurality of sections to obtain a plurality of branches to be measured includes:
dividing each branch into three sections of 15cm, wherein a first branch to be detected, which is close to a branch, is a second branch to be detected, which is close to a terminal bud, and a third branch to be detected, which is positioned between the first branch to be detected and the second branch to be detected.
Preferably, after the step of equally dividing each branch into three sections to obtain a plurality of branches to be measured, the method further comprises:
washing soil on the surface of the branch to be detected by tap water;
carrying out first flushing on the branch to be detected through distilled water;
carrying out second flushing on the branch to be detected through deionized water;
wiping the branches to be tested on the basis of absorbent paper;
wax sealing is carried out on the two ends of the branch to be measured, and the two ends are wrapped by preservative films;
the execution times of the first flushing are greater than or equal to 4 times, and the execution times of the second flushing are greater than or equal to 5 times.
Preferably, the step of measuring to obtain a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature, and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process includes:
detecting and acquiring a first resistance value under the condition that the branch to be detected is at a first preset temperature;
controlling the ambient temperature to be reduced to the test temperature at a first preset cooling speed;
and detecting and obtaining the third resistance value every one hour in the cooling process, preserving heat for 12 hours after the environmental temperature is cooled to the test temperature, and detecting tiger to obtain the second resistance value.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
controlling the ambient temperature to rise to the first preset temperature, and detecting every 1h in the rising process to obtain a fourth resistance value;
and determining a critical point for cell membrane damage and a critical temperature for cell membrane freeze damage based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value, the third resistance values and the fourth resistance values.
Preferably, the test temperature is a plurality;
under the condition that the test temperature is higher than-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 4 ℃/h;
and under the condition that the test temperature is lower than or equal to-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 2 ℃/h.
Preferably, the step of determining a critical point for cell membrane damage and a critical temperature for cell membrane freeze damage based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value, and the plurality of third resistance values comprises:
drawing a change curve between a resistance value and temperature based on the plurality of first resistance values, the plurality of second resistance values, and the plurality of third resistance values under the plurality of test temperature conditions;
taking the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the first resistance value in the change curve from the ascending trend to the descending trend as a critical point of cell membrane damage;
and taking the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the second resistance value in the change curve from the ascending trend to the descending trend as the critical temperature of the cell membrane freezing injury.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the method for comparing the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees, the branches of the fruit trees are cut, the branches are further cut, the resistance values of the branches in different states are detected, graphs are drawn, the cold resistance of a plurality of fruit trees can be compared by comparing a plurality of graphs, the testing method is simple, the required time period is provided, and the method has strong possibility and practical value in the process of detecting the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a comparison method for cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a comparison method for cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees according to one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees, including:
step 101: cutting off a plurality of annual branches with consistent degree of coarseness, constant growth vigor and full branches of a plurality of varieties to be detected;
step 102: dividing each branch into a plurality of sections to obtain a plurality of branches to be detected;
step 103: maintaining the branch to be tested at a first preset temperature, and then reducing the environmental temperature of the branch to be tested to a test temperature;
step 104: measuring and acquiring a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process;
step 105: drawing a resistance value graph based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value and the plurality of third resistance values;
step 106: based on the resistance value graph, the cold resistance of a plurality of varieties to be tested is compared.
According to the method for comparing the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees, the branches of the fruit trees are cut, the branches are further cut, the resistance values of the branches in different states are detected, graphs are drawn, the cold resistance of a plurality of fruit trees can be compared by comparing a plurality of graphs, the testing method is simple, the required time period is provided, and the method has strong possibility and practical value in the process of detecting the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees.
According to the embodiment of the application, the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees is determined by intercepting the branches, so that the dormant branches of the fruit trees can be detected only by penetrating the probes of the detection circuit into the dormant branches of the fruit trees, the testing process is simple, and the testing rate is high.
The consistency of the experimental samples is high by cutting a plurality of annual branches with consistent thickness, constant growth vigor and full branches.
Through dividing each branch into a plurality of sections, obtain a plurality of branches that await measuring, can detect the different positions of a branch for testing result is more representative.
The first resistance value of the branch to be measured at the first preset temperature, the second resistance value of the branch to be measured at the test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in the cooling process are measured and obtained, and the critical point of cell membrane damage and critical temperature of cell membrane freeze damage can be determined based on the resistance values of the branch to be measured at different temperature states, so that the cold resistance of the dormant branches of the fruit trees can be determined more accurately.
In some examples, a QJZ-type portable Wheatstone bridge may be used, with the electrodes inserted into the tissue being self-made (2 copper probes fixedly welded to an insulating plate, 3cm apart, 1cm exposed). 2 probes are longitudinally inserted into the cortex of the branch to reach the xylem, the balance of the bridge is quickly adjusted, and the resistance value is read and recorded. And measuring the correlation between the distance measurement and the resistance value, wherein 2 electrode probes are connected with the lead, and the distance measurement is drawn on the measured limb in advance. A digital universal meter (HIOK 13200, manufactured by Japan) is used as a resistance tester, and the measuring probes are made of organic glass and steel needles, and the distance between the probes is 3cm except for researching the influence of the distance between the probes on the resistance measurement.
In some examples, the step of harvesting a plurality of annual shoots that are consistent in thickness, have a constant vigor, and are full of shoots may include: shearing 100 branches of annual branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases, thick, consistent in growth potential maturity and full in branches and buds, selecting branches with diameters of 4, 8, 10 and 12mm and uniform in thickness, dividing the branches into 20 sections with lengths of 10cm, and measuring the relation between the cross section area of the plant and the resistance; selecting branches with uniform thickness, dividing the branches into 20 sections with the length of 10cm, measuring the distance of 2 cm, 3cm and 4cm respectively, and measuring the relation between different distance measurement and resistance; selecting branches with uniform thickness and buds and without buds, dividing the branches into 20 sections with the length of 10cm, and measuring the influence of the buds on the resistance. Four directions of the branches were measured for each measurement.
As a preferred technical solution, dividing each branch into three sections, and obtaining a plurality of branches to be measured includes: each branch is divided into three sections of 15cm, wherein a first branch to be detected, which is close to a branch, is a second branch to be detected, which is close to a terminal bud, and a third branch to be detected, which is positioned between the first branch to be detected and the second branch to be detected.
As a preferred technical solution, after the step of equally dividing each branch into three sections and obtaining a plurality of branches to be measured, the method further comprises: washing soil on the surface of the branch to be detected by tap water; carrying out first flushing on branches to be detected through distilled water; carrying out second flushing on the branch to be detected through deionized water; wiping the branches to be tested on the basis of the absorbent paper; wax sealing is carried out on two ends of a branch to be measured, and the two ends are wrapped by preservative films; wherein the number of execution times of the first flushing is greater than or equal to 4 times, and the number of execution times of the second flushing is greater than or equal to 5 times.
In some examples, 100 branches of annual branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases, thick, consistent in growth vigor maturity and full in branches are cut, branches with uniform thickness are selected to be divided into three sections with the length of 15cm, and a group of branches close to the branches is marked as G (relative cold resistance); the other group near the terminal bud is marked as S (relatively cold-resistant); the middle is a group, denoted as Z. After washing off the soil on the branches with tap water, washing with distilled water for 4 times, washing with deionized water for 5 times, and then wiping the branches with absorbent paper. And (3) sealing the two ends of the branches, wrapping the branches with preservative films, subpackaging the branches with plastic bags, taking 10 branches randomly from G, Z and S to form 7 groups, and storing the 7 groups in a refrigerator at 4 ℃. And (5) performing low-temperature stress treatment in the low-temperature program-controlled refrigerator. The test was carried out at a temperature of 4 ℃ (CK), -15 ℃, -20 ℃, -25 ℃, -30 ℃, the temperature was lowered from 4 ℃ to the set temperature and then maintained for 12 hours, the temperature was raised to 4 ℃ again, the temperature raising and lowering rate was 4 ℃/hour (for the purpose of making the test more accurate, the temperature lowering rate was 2 ℃/hour when the temperature was lowered to-20 ℃), and the test was taken out and left at room temperature for 12 hours. And measuring the resistance of the branches every one hour in the cooling and heating processes, and measuring the initial resistance and the termination resistance when the temperature is reduced to the target temperature. After removal, the mixture was left at room temperature for 12 hours.
The influence of other factors on the resistance value of the branches can be reduced by the modes of cleaning, drying the water absorbing paper, sealing wax and wrapping the fresh-keeping film.
As an preferable technical solution, the step of measuring and obtaining a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature, and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process includes: detecting and acquiring a first resistance value under the condition that the branch to be detected is at a first preset temperature; controlling the ambient temperature to be reduced to a test temperature at a first preset cooling speed; and detecting and obtaining a third resistance value every one hour in the cooling process, preserving heat for 12 hours after the environmental temperature is cooled to the test temperature, and detecting tiger to obtain a second resistance value.
As a preferred technical scheme, the method further comprises: controlling the ambient temperature to rise to a first preset temperature, and detecting every 1h in the heating process to obtain a fourth resistance value; a critical cell membrane damage point and a critical cell membrane freeze damage temperature are determined based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value, the third resistance values and the fourth resistance values. As a preferable technical scheme, the test temperature is multiple; under the condition that the test temperature is higher than-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 4 ℃/h; and under the condition that the test temperature is lower than or equal to-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 2 ℃/h.
Under the condition that the test temperature is higher than-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 4 ℃/h; under the condition that the test temperature is lower than or equal to-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 2 ℃/h, so that the accuracy of temperature control can be improved.
As a preferred technical solution, the critical point for cell membrane damage and the critical temperature for cell membrane freeze damage may be determined based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value and the plurality of third resistance values.
Specifically, the step of determining the critical point for cell membrane damage and the critical temperature for cell membrane freeze damage based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value, and the plurality of third resistance values comprises: drawing a change curve between the resistance value and the temperature based on the first resistance values, the second resistance values and the third resistance values under the conditions of a plurality of test temperatures; taking the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the first resistance value in the change curve from the ascending trend to the descending trend as a critical point of cell membrane damage; and taking the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the second resistance value in the change curve from the ascending trend to the descending trend as the critical temperature of the cell membrane freezing injury.
The first resistance value is increased through the inflection point from which the rising trend changes to the falling trend, and on the one hand, the intercellular wires are broken due to cell shrinkage caused by freezing treatment of the branches, so that the conductivity of the branch tissues is reduced, and on the other hand, the conductivity is reduced due to the fact that intercellular ice takes water from the cells, so that the concentration of intercellular ions is relatively reduced. Thus, when the freezing temperature reaches the critical point of cell membrane damage, the cell membrane is extravasated to the cells due to freezing damage ions, so that the measured resistance value is reduced after the critical point of cell membrane damage.
When the temperature reaches the inflection point of the second resistance value changing from the rising trend to the falling trend, the cell membrane is damaged by icing, the ion extravasation reaches the cell space, and the resistance value measured after the critical temperature of the cell membrane is reduced. Since the intercellular ion concentration reaches substantially the same level as 0 ℃, membrane damage has not yet caused ion massive extravasation damage and is reversible, the temperature at which the second resistance value in the change curve changes via the inflection point of the rising trend into the falling trend can be referred to as the cell membrane freezing injury critical temperature.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a comparison method for cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees according to one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees, including:
step 101: cutting off a plurality of annual branches with consistent degree of coarseness, constant growth vigor and full branches of a plurality of varieties to be detected;
step 102: dividing each branch into a plurality of sections equally, and obtaining a plurality of branches to be detected;
step 103: maintaining the branch to be tested at a first preset temperature, and then reducing the environmental temperature of the branch to be tested to a test temperature;
step 104: measuring and acquiring a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process;
step 105: drawing a resistance value graph based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value and the third resistance values;
step 106: and comparing the cold resistance of a plurality of varieties to be tested based on the resistance value curve graph.
Wherein, divide into three sections with every branch equally, obtain the step of a plurality of branches that await measuring includes:
each branch is divided into three sections of 15cm, wherein a first branch to be detected, which is close to a branch, is a second branch to be detected, which is close to a terminal bud, and a third branch to be detected, which is positioned between the first branch to be detected and the second branch to be detected.
Wherein, after dividing each branch into three sections, the step of obtaining a plurality of branches to be measured further comprises:
washing soil on the surface of the branch to be detected by tap water;
carrying out first flushing on branches to be detected through distilled water;
carrying out second flushing on the branch to be detected through deionized water;
wiping the branches to be tested on the basis of the absorbent paper;
wax sealing is carried out on two ends of a branch to be measured, and the two ends are wrapped by preservative films;
wherein the number of execution times of the first flushing is greater than or equal to 4 times, and the number of execution times of the second flushing is greater than or equal to 5 times.
The step of measuring and obtaining a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process comprises the following steps:
detecting and acquiring a first resistance value under the condition that the branch to be detected is at a first preset temperature;
controlling the ambient temperature to be reduced to a test temperature at a first preset cooling speed;
and detecting and obtaining a third resistance value every one hour in the cooling process, preserving heat for 12 hours after the environmental temperature is cooled to the test temperature, and detecting tiger to obtain a second resistance value.
Wherein, still include:
controlling the ambient temperature to rise to a first preset temperature, and detecting every 1h in the heating process to obtain a fourth resistance value;
a critical cell membrane damage point and a critical cell membrane freeze damage temperature are determined based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value, the third resistance values and the fourth resistance values.
Wherein the test temperature is a plurality of;
under the condition that the test temperature is higher than-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 4 ℃/h;
and under the condition that the test temperature is lower than or equal to-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 2 ℃/h.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting off a plurality of annual branches with consistent degree of coarseness, constant growth vigor and full branches of a plurality of varieties to be detected;
dividing each branch into a plurality of sections equally, and obtaining a plurality of branches to be detected;
maintaining the branch to be tested at a first preset temperature, and then reducing the environmental temperature of the branch to be tested to a test temperature;
measuring and acquiring a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process;
drawing a resistance value graph based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value and the third resistance values;
comparing cold resistance of a plurality of varieties to be tested based on the resistance value curve graph;
the step of measuring to obtain a first resistance value of the branch to be measured at a first preset temperature, a second resistance value of the branch to be measured at a test temperature and a plurality of third resistance values of the branch to be measured in a cooling process comprises the following steps:
detecting and acquiring a first resistance value under the condition that the branch to be detected is at a first preset temperature;
controlling the ambient temperature to be reduced to the test temperature at a first preset cooling speed;
detecting and obtaining a third resistance value every one hour in the cooling process, preserving heat for 12 hours after the environmental temperature is cooled to the test temperature, and detecting and obtaining the second resistance value;
controlling the ambient temperature to rise to the first preset temperature, and detecting every 1h in the rising process to obtain a fourth resistance value;
and determining a critical point for cell membrane damage and a critical temperature for cell membrane freeze damage based on the first resistance value, the second resistance value, the third resistance values and the fourth resistance values.
2. The method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the step of equally dividing each branch into a plurality of sections to obtain a plurality of branches to be measured comprises:
dividing each branch into three sections of 15cm, wherein a first branch to be detected, which is close to a branch, is a second branch to be detected, which is close to a terminal bud, and a third branch to be detected, which is positioned between the first branch to be detected and the second branch to be detected.
3. The method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein after the step of equally dividing each branch into three sections to obtain a plurality of branches to be measured, the method further comprises:
washing soil on the surface of the branch to be detected by tap water;
carrying out first flushing on the branch to be detected through distilled water;
carrying out second flushing on the branch to be detected through deionized water;
wiping the branches to be tested on the basis of absorbent paper;
wax sealing is carried out on the two ends of the branch to be measured, and the two ends are wrapped by preservative films;
the execution times of the first flushing are greater than or equal to 4 times, and the execution times of the second flushing are greater than or equal to 5 times.
4. The method for comparing cold resistance of dormant branches of fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the test temperature is a plurality of;
under the condition that the test temperature is higher than-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 4 ℃/h;
and under the condition that the test temperature is lower than or equal to-20 ℃, the first preset cooling speed is 2 ℃/h.
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| US4488901A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1984-12-18 | Eszakmagyarorszagi Vegyimuvek | Compositions for increasing the cold resistance of cultivated plants and a method for the utilization of such compositions |
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