CN114059997A - Seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system and data storage and data processing method - Google Patents
Seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system and data storage and data processing method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/26—Storing data down-hole, e.g. in a memory or on a record carrier
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration while drilling, and discloses a seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system and a data storage and data processing method. The detector is connected to the seismic while drilling digital packet through a multi-core shielded wire; the GPS module provides accurate time information for the digital packet; the earthquake while drilling digital package is connected to an indoor computer host through a network cable, an optical fiber transceiver can be connected between the earthquake while drilling digital package and the computer host in series to realize long-distance transmission, and even the long-distance transmission can be realized by depending on an interface of an existing network base station without arranging a long-distance optical fiber; a plurality of collection stations can be connected in series, the extension of collection stations is realized, the computer host is connected with the single-point vibration collection host through the USB interface, and the single-point vibration collection host is connected with the three-component wave detector installed on the derrick and used for collecting pilot signals. The invention realizes the remote real-time acquisition of the seismic data of the multi-channel signals in the horizontal well seismic while drilling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration while drilling, and particularly relates to a seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system and a data storage and data processing method.
Background
At present, in the drilling operation, the rock breaking drilling of a drill bit generates vibration, the seismic while drilling technology is a seismic technology which utilizes a vibration signal generated in the drilling process of the drill bit as a seismic source to perform seismic exploration, a pilot sensor is distributed at the top end of a drill string, and a detector is distributed on a ground survey line to collect underground drill bit signals. Preprocessing the pilot signal, performing cross-correlation with a ground signal, extracting an effective signal to obtain seismic data similar to a reverse VSP, further obtaining the structure and abnormal pressure of a stratum in front of a drill bit, and reducing the drilling risk. However, the application effect of earthquake while drilling is seriously influenced by weak signal energy of the drill bit and strong noise of a well site, and the drill bit belongs to continuous vibration signals in the drilling process and needs long-time continuous acquisition. The seismic acquisition while drilling equipment mainly adopts a seismic station (single-point acquisition) for acquisition, although continuous acquisition can be realized, the larger volume of the equipment is not suitable for mountainous regions, the single-point acquisition cannot adopt a combined method to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the number of transverse sampling points is small, and the like. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of effective signals in the acquisition stage, a plurality of detectors are required to be arranged on the ground and continuously observed for a long time, and the differences between the detectors cannot exist sometimes. At present, no seismic acquisition equipment while drilling capable of realizing continuous acquisition of multi-channel seismic data transmitted in real time and accurate time service exists.
The seismic data storage formats include SEGA, SEGB, SEGC, SEGD, SEGY, SU and the like, which are digital tape recording formats recommended by the American Society for Exploration Geophysics (SEG), wherein the SEGA and the SEGB are digital tape recording formats and are respectively suitable for 21-track one-inch magnetic tapes and nine-track one-half-inch magnetic tapes, the SEGC is also a nine-track one-half-inch magnetic tape recording format and is used for multiplexing data in a time sequence mode, the SEGC is different from the B format in that the recorded data is recorded in an IBM format with 32-bit floating points, the SEGD and the SEGY are both new data formats proposed later and are the two most commonly used at present, the SEGD is used in field collection mostly for magnetic tapes, the SEGY is mostly used for indoor data transmission, and the carrier is a magnetic disk and is also the most commonly used data format in the geophysical field. The SU format is the data format in a suite of open source geophysical data processing systems developed by CWP laboratories of Colorado laboratories, and differs from the SEGY format only by 3200 bytes of headers. The data processing system comprises a microcomputer, a data processing system and a data processing system, wherein the lower part of each classification is divided into a shaping part and a floating point part, the classification can be divided into Big-end format and Little-end format according to different byte sequences of data in a memory, the Big-end format is usually defaulted in a workstation, and the Little-end format is defaulted in the microcomputer. Explaining a seismic data storage format by taking SEGY as an example, the SEGY data comprises a head file and a data body, wherein 3600 bytes of the total length of the head file are divided into two parts, the first part of the file head is 3200 bytes long and comprises information such as a character set, a parameter card and the like, and the second part of the file head is 400 bytes long and is a binary head and records data body information; the data body is composed of a plurality of data tracks, and each data track is divided into a track head and sampling data. The length of each track head is 240 bytes, and the number of sampling points, sampling intervals, CDP (continuous data packet) numbers, XLine numbers, Line numbers, coordinate information and the like are recorded in the track heads; the length of the sampling data is the number of samples multiplied by the number of bytes (32 bits, 24 bits, 16 bits, etc.) of the sampling point, since 3223-th and 3224-th bytes are the number of sampling points per channel of the original data, 2 bytes maximally represents that the signed bit integer is 32767, the number of sampling points of a single file cannot be greater than the value, that is, the single file has a recording time limit. In addition, the SAC format of the seismic waveform data is a universal software tool kit developed by Lawrence Livermore national laboratory of the university of California, USA and used for researching time series, and the data composition of the single-channel seismic data comprises a head section area and a data area, wherein the head section area contains 152 words, 1 word is 32 bits, and then the data area is formed. The SAC header contains many time-dependent variables, for example, NZYEAR, NZJDAY, NZHOUR, NZMIN, NZSEC, six variables define a time of day of the year, generally expressed by equivalent KZDATE and KZTIME, which is a reference time, and can be arbitrarily set, generally the time corresponding to the first data point, but also the time of occurrence of the event, a midnight, or a person's birthday. All other times (e.g., B, E, O, etc.) are seconds relative to this time, and the absolute time at any time in the data can be determined from the reference time and the relative values of the various time variables. The existing seismic data storage format, whether the SEGY format of single-shot multi-channel or the SAC format of single-channel waveform data, is divided into a header file and a data body file, wherein key word information is stored in the header according to a protocol, and sampling point values are stored in the data body in sequence. That is, there is and only data information in the data volume.
Particularly, for single-point acquisition, the time drift amounts corresponding to different crystal oscillators are different, acquisition cannot be absolutely performed according to sampling intervals, each acquisition unit has more or less deviation in unit time, and taking 1000hz as an example, 995 and 1005 sampling points which may be acquired in 1s will generate a large accumulated error when multi-channel data splicing is performed.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: at present, no seismic acquisition equipment while drilling capable of realizing continuous acquisition of multi-channel seismic data transmitted in real time and accurate time service exists.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the seismograph station has larger volume, is not suitable for mountainous regions with complex terrain, and cannot realize long-distance real-time transmission; the multi-channel seismic acquisition is triggered single-shot acquisition, and continuous recording cannot be realized; conventional seismic data storage formats can be divided into an SEGY type format (with storage size limitation and incapable of continuous acquisition) for single shot storage and an SAC (with incapable of realizing multi-channel continuous recording) format for single-channel continuous acquisition; the file recording format is composed of a header file and a data body file, wherein the header file stores key word information according to a protocol, and the data body stores sampling point values in sequence, namely, the data body has only data information.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the inventive data storage method adds track number information and GPS time information in the data body, and realizes the data decompiling work. By means of the method, multi-channel data continuous acquisition and accurate-time seismic-while-drilling acquisition equipment with long-distance real-time transmission is researched and developed, and effective measures are provided for acquiring seismic-while-drilling ground arrangement signals of the drill bit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-channel continuous acquisition system for earthquake while drilling, a data storage method and a data processing method.
The invention relates to a seismic data storage method with time and track number information in a data body, which realizes the data de-compilation work; meanwhile, continuous observation of multiple channels of seismic data with time information can be realized, and an effective means is provided for acquiring seismic while drilling ground arrangement signals of the drill bit.
The invention is realized in such a way that the multi-channel continuous acquisition system for the earthquake while drilling is provided with: a collection station;
the acquisition station comprises a wave detector, a multi-core shielding wire, a seismic while drilling digital packet and a GPS module; the detector is connected to the seismic while drilling digital packet through a multi-core shielded wire; the GPS module provides accurate time information for the digital packet; the earthquake-while-drilling digital packet is connected to an indoor computer host through a network cable, and the earthquake-while-drilling digital packet and the computer host can be connected with an optical fiber transceiver in series to realize long-distance transmission.
Furthermore, the seismic while drilling digital packet realizes data transmission by depending on an interface of a network base station, and avoids the arrangement of long-distance optical fibers; a plurality of acquisition stations can be connected in series, and the extension of the acquisition stations is realized.
Furthermore, the computer host is connected with the single-point vibration acquisition host through a USB interface, and the single-point vibration acquisition host is connected with a three-component wave detector installed on the derrick and used for acquiring pilot signals.
Furthermore, the acquisition station is provided with an embedded mainboard, a front amplifier and analog-to-digital conversion unit, a clock circuit unit and a digital and power supply unit.
Further, the embedded mainboard comprises an ARM controller, a CPU or a data memory;
the preamplifier and analog-to-digital conversion unit includes: programmable gain front-end with the same number of channels and A/D analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog signal from the detector to a digital signal.
Further, the clock circuit unit is provided with: the GPS time service clock generator, the FIFO buffer and the logic circuit;
the FIFO buffer provides first-in first-out buffer for the data after A/D conversion, and then records the data into the data memory; the logic circuit provides control logic for the whole machine; the GPS time service clock generator provides standard clock and PPS information for the complete machine control and the A/D analog-to-digital converter;
further, the digital and power supply unit includes: a network switch and a power supply.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a data storage method for the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system, including:
the sign bit expansion principle is utilized to store the acquisition track information into the high-order byte of the data body, and the organic combination of the track number and the pps time signal is realized, so that an accurate flag bit is provided for the time alignment of a plurality of subsequent acquisition stations.
Further, the data storage method of the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system specifically comprises the following steps:
each sampling point is a 32-bit floating point number, the highest bit is a sign bit, and the sign bit expansion principle shows that the magnitude of a numerical value cannot be changed by only carrying out complement operation from 24-bit expanded sign bits to 32 bits;
replacing the highest byte with a track number of 0x00-0x70, and when navigation pps time information appears, sequentially changing the highest byte of 0x00-0x70 into 0x04-0x74, thereby completing the combination of the track number and the time information in a data body;
the stored and transmitted data takes 32896 bytes as a basic data structure body and comprises a 128-byte header segment and a 32768-byte data body;
the 128-byte header field comprises the packet number, the data area length and GPS information of the current data packet, a 32768-byte data body adopts 4 bytes as a number for continuous storage, the high-order byte represents the track number and pps time information, when the specific data is de-compiled, the track number and the pps information are extracted from the high-order byte, and the actual data is expanded into 32-bit data through a sign bit according to the first 24 bits.
The invention also aims to provide a data processing method of the seismic information data processing terminal, which uses the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition method to decode the data in the storage format.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the acquisition station comprises a wave detector, a multi-core shielding wire, a seismic while drilling digital packet, a GPS module and the like. The detector is connected to the seismic while drilling digital packet through a multi-core shielded wire; the GPS module provides accurate time information for the digital packet; the earthquake while drilling digital package is connected to an indoor computer host through a network cable, an optical fiber transceiver can be connected between the earthquake while drilling digital package and the computer host in series to realize long-distance transmission, and even the long-distance transmission can be realized by depending on an interface of an existing network base station without arranging a long-distance optical fiber; a plurality of acquisition stations can be connected in series to realize the expansion of the acquisition stations; the computer host is connected with the single-point vibration acquisition host through a USB interface, and the single-point vibration acquisition host is connected with a three-component wave detector arranged on a derrick and used for acquiring pilot signals.
The invention realizes the long-distance real-time acquisition of seismic data in horizontal well seismic while drilling, and creatively provides a multi-channel seismic continuous data storage and compiling method with time information in a data body. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the defects that a data body in a conventional seismic data storage format only has waveform data are overcome, and a track number mark and pps time information are added into the data body; the detector string adopts a 4.5-cycle detector and adopts three-string and three-parallel combination, so that the received seismic signals are enhanced while the broadband is realized; the gps module is a general module, can provide longitude and latitude and pps signals, and realizes the position and time service function of a single digital packet; adopting a tcp protocol to carry out data transmission, adding trc verification, and connecting a plurality of digital packets in series; the receiving end of the host can decode and sequence the data to realize the real-time display of the seismic waveform.
The invention realizes the remote real-time acquisition of the seismic data of the multi-channel signals in the horizontal well seismic while drilling; the method realizes a multi-channel seismic continuous data storage function and a data compiling function with accurate time information, and adds channel number identification and pps time information in a data body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a seismic-while-drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the seismic acquisition while drilling device provided by the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a network base station; 2. a detector; 3. a collection station; 4. an operation room; 5. a well site; 6. seismic while drilling digital packages; 7. a first fiber optic transceiver; 8. a three-component detector; 9. a single-point vibration acquisition host; 10. a computer host; 11. a second fiber optic transceiver.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the collector circuit function control provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of an actual data header provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an actual data volume pps time signal provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of data transcoding according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an abnormal GPS signal and missing pps location information according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a comparison of the effects provided by embodiments of the present invention.
In fig. 8: a. there is no time difference deviation between the collection signal groups of two continuous stations; b. there is no time difference deviation between the collection signal groups of two continuous stations; c. results that did not pass pps time correction; d. and continuously recording data by multiple seismic while drilling.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system, a data storage and data processing method, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Those skilled in the art of the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system provided by the present invention may also perform other steps, and the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system provided by the present invention in fig. 1 is only one specific example.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the seismic-while-drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises acquisition stations and indoor units installed at well sites;
the acquisition station comprises: the system comprises a detector 2, a seismic while drilling digital packet 6, a GPS, a first optical fiber transceiver 7 and the like;
the indoor unit includes: a computer host 10 and a second optical fiber transceiver 11.
The network base station is connected with the acquisition station 3, the acquisition station 3 is provided with a detector 2, the detector 2 is connected to a seismic while drilling digital packet 6 through a multi-core shielding line, the seismic while drilling digital packet 6 is connected with a first optical fiber transceiver 7 through a network line, the first optical fiber transceiver 7 is connected with a second optical fiber transceiver 11 through an optical fiber, the second optical fiber transceiver 11 is connected with a computer host 10 through a network line, the computer host 10 is connected with a single-point vibration acquisition host 9 through a USB interface, and the single-point vibration acquisition host 9 is connected with a three-component detector 8 installed on a derrick and used for acquiring pilot signals. The optical fiber transceivers are paired and simultaneously comprise receiving and transmitting, data from the previous earthquake-while-drilling digital packet is received and transmitted to the next earthquake-while-drilling digital packet or a computer host, a plurality of acquisition stations can be connected in series, and acquisition signals can be transmitted to an operation room of a well site in real time to be related to pilot signals, so that effective signals are extracted.
As shown in fig. 3, the collector circuit design provided in the embodiment of the present invention is differentiated according to functional units to form four multilayer unit boards: the embedded type power supply comprises an embedded type mainboard, a front amplifier and analog-to-digital conversion unit, a clock circuit unit and a digital and power supply unit.
The embedded mainboard selects an ARM controller, a low-power-consumption CPU, a data memory and the like; the front-end amplifier and analog-to-digital conversion unit comprises programmable gain front-end amplifiers and A/D analog-to-digital converters with the same number as channels; the clock circuit unit mainly comprises a GPS time service clock generator, an FIFO buffer and a logic circuit; the digital and power supply unit comprises a network switch, a power supply and the like.
The CPU is an ATMEL9G45 chip with low power consumption, a main frequency 400M, a bus structure and a data memory, and a built-in flash memory electronic disk SD card is selected; the FIFO buffer is used for providing a first-in first-out buffer for the data after A/D conversion and then recording the data into the data memory; the logic circuit provides control logic for the whole machine; the GPS time service clock generator provides a standard clock for the complete machine control and the A/D analog-to-digital converter.
The A/D analog-to-digital converter converts an analog signal from the detector into a digital signal, the FIFO buffer provides first-in first-out buffer for data after A/D conversion and then records the data in the data memory, the GPS time service clock generator provides standard clock and PPS information for the control of the whole machine and the A/D analog-to-digital converter, the acquired seismic data can be transmitted to a computer host through a network switch, and the logic circuit provides control logic for the whole machine. The optical fiber transceivers can be connected in series between the network switch and the computer host to realize long-distance data transmission, the optical fiber transmitting and receiving are connected by optical fibers, and the optical fiber transceivers can also be directly connected with the optical splitter of a signal base station to realize ultra-long-distance receiving.
The data storage method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the sign bit expansion principle is utilized to store the acquisition track information into the high-order byte of the data body, the organic combination of the track number and the pps time signal is realized, and an accurate flag bit is provided for the time alignment of a plurality of subsequent acquisition stations.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: each sampling point is a 32-bit floating point number, the most significant bit is a sign bit, and the sign bit extension principle shows that the numerical value cannot be changed by only performing complement operation from 24-bit sign bit extension to 32-bit extension, so that the most significant bit byte is replaced by a track number of 0x00-0x70 (taking 8 tracks as an example), and when navigation pps time information appears, the most significant byte of 0x00-0x70 is sequentially changed into 0x04-0x74, and the combination of the track number and the time information in a data body is further completed.
The data stored and transmitted by the invention takes 32896 bytes as a basic data structure body, and comprises a 128-byte head segment and a 32768-byte data body. The 128-byte header field includes the packet number, data area length, GPS information, etc. of the current data packet, and the 32768-byte data body uses 4 bytes as a number for continuous storage, wherein the upper byte represents the track number and pps time information, when the specific data is de-encoded, the track number and pps information are extracted from the upper byte, the actual data is expanded into 32-bit data by sign bit according to the first 24 bits, and the specific structure identifier will be described in detail in the following figures.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 4, the basic data structure of the present invention includes a 128-byte header section and a 32768-byte data body, and the 128-byte header section is in a rectangular frame in the figure, and information such as a frame header, a device ID, a packet number, a data body length, and GPS information is recorded.
The specific structural identification meanings are shown in the following table.
| Number of bytes | Data type | Structural body | Description of the invention |
| 1-3 | char | cmd_head[3] | |
| 4 | u8 | dev_id | Device ID |
| 5-8 | s32 | packet_num | Packet number of current data packet |
| 9-10 | s16 | pakcet_len | Length, total length of current packet |
| 11-14 | s32 | ndata_len | Data area length |
| 15-121 | struct | gps_info | GPS information |
| 122-125 | char | Reserve[4] | Reserved field |
| 126-128 | char | cmd_end[3] | Frame end |
Wherein the GPS information struct GPS _ info is defined in the following table.
| Number of bytes | Data type | Structural body | Description of the invention |
| 15-58 | struct | tm_linuxgpstime | GPSUTC time |
| 59-102 | struct | tm_linuxlocaltime | Local time |
| 103 | char | cav | |
| 104-111 | double | ns | Representation of latitude |
| 112 | char | cns | Determining whether N or S |
| 113-120 | double | ew | Longitude representation |
| 121 | char | cew | Determining whether E or W |
Wherein the time information struct tm _ linux is defined in the following table.
As shown in fig. 5, taking 8-channel seismic data acquisition as an example, 4 bytes (32 bits) represent a single point data, the lower 3 bytes are acquired data, the upper byte is a channel and pps time identifier, effective data processing is not performed, and a true value of the data is recovered through sign bit extension, so that 8 32-bit data bodies are used in the structure to sequentially store data from 8 channels, each basic data structure includes a 32768-byte data body, and 1024 rows of data are stored in each data structure if 8-channel data acquisition can be calculated. In order to avoid generating larger data files by long-time continuous collection, new files are automatically generated at intervals, each 3503 data structures are calculated by 8-channel 1000hz sampling, 3587072 rows of data (3587.072s, about 1h) are formed, and the size of each file is (128+32768) × 3503-115234688 bytes (109 MB). As shown in FIG. 3, the number of channels in the upper byte is from 0x00 to 0x70, which respectively represents the data of 8 channels, and as can be seen from the binary counting manner, a single acquisition station can carry 16 channels of data at maximum.
The GPS time service and synchronization circuit consists of a GPS OEM board and a synchronization circuit, and the GPS OEM board is used for receiving and processing GPS signals and outputting pulse per second (pps signals) and navigation information; the GPS receiver mainly receives and processes GPS signals and outputs second pulses. GPS is a satellite navigation, positioning, and timing system in the united states. The GPS receiver can simultaneously receive 4-8 satellite signals within the visual field range at any time, and the internal hardware circuit and the processing software can extract and output two time signals from the received signals by decoding and processing the received signals: a second pulse signal PPS with the time interval of 1s, wherein the synchronous error of the leading edge of the pulse in the international standard time (Greenwich mean time) is not more than 1 us; and the international standard time and date code corresponding to the PPS pulse leading edge is output through the serial port. In addition, GPS time and positioning information are extracted from the navigation information; the synchronization circuit may synchronize timing with the clock in the synchronization logic, and when a pps signal of 1s once is present, the high byte in the data volume changes from 0x00 to 0x04, and, 0x70 to 0x 74.
By the method, single-station acquisition of multi-channel seismic data containing accurate time information can be realized, accurate seismic data can be obtained by decoding the data subsequently through a specific decoding program, continuous acquisition of the data by a single acquisition station is realized, the data from different acquisition stations can be leveled by aligning pps signals, and the problem that sampling cannot be strictly carried out according to preset frequency between adjacent pps signals due to different crystal oscillators of different acquisition stations is solved.
Aiming at the stored data, the invention matches a corresponding processing method, and is mainly realized by the following steps:
(1) data transcoding
Aiming at the basic data structure of the stored data, the basic data structure comprises a track header of 128 bytes and 32768 bytes, and the packet number of the data packet and the GPS information (the main date and time information) are extracted according to the position of each structural body in the track header information; according to 4 bytes in a data body as a sampling point, 8192 sampling points exist in a basic data structure, the high-order byte of each sampling point is not processed, the first 3 bits restore a data truth value through sign bit extension, and are sequentially arranged according to the channel number of the high-order byte to form a data matrix; the number of rows of pps change is extracted according to the change of 0x00 to 0x04, 0x10 to 0x14, …, 0x70 to 0x74 in the upper byte. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of data transcoding according to the present invention, where bytes 4, 8, … …, and 32 are upper bytes, and when extracting a data matrix, no processing is performed, and supplemental data symbol information is extended by a lower 3-byte symbol bit; extracting the date and time of the data packet from the header GPS information; and extracting the track number from the upper byte, and extracting pps position information according to the change of the upper byte.
(2) Integrity recovery of GPS information
During actual seismic data acquisition, GPS signals are affected by the atmosphere, multipath effect, visible satellite number and the like, and GPS signal loss phenomenon can occur at intervals. And judging the GPS time information and the extracted pps position information in the header file, and if the abnormal value of the GPS time information or the pps position information is lost, restoring the integrity of the GPS time information and the pps position information through interpolation processing. As shown in fig. 7, a GPS anomaly phenomenon and a pps location information missing phenomenon occur many times within a certain time period, and the two phenomena show a correspondence relationship, and pps missing information is recovered by interpolation.
(3) Data resampling
For different acquisition stations, the embedded resonators (crystals) are different, the corresponding time errors are different, even if the crystals of the same type and the same batch are in the same batch, errors can be generated among the acquisition stations, and the crystals are classified according to grades
0.1ppm \0.5ppm \1ppm \2ppm \5ppm \10ppm \20ppm \30ppm \50ppm \100ppm \200ppm, 1ppm represents an error of 1s in 100 ten thousand seconds, taking 10ppm crystal as an example, an error of 10(ppm) × 100(s) ═ 1ms, namely, the error deviates by 1ms every 100s, and if 1000hz sampling is adopted, the deviation of 1 sampling point is generated every 100 s. Moreover, the crystal oscillators produced in different batches have different error parameters, and the oscillation period of the crystal is also influenced by factors such as voltage, temperature, humidity and the like, so that the acquisition stations cannot acquire data completely according to set frequency, more or less errors can occur in unit time, the offsets corresponding to different acquisition stations are different, and the time consistency among a plurality of acquisition stations is greatly influenced.
According to the invention, data between two consecutive pps are resampled according to sampling intervals, and the data strictly accord with sampling frequency, so that data from different acquisition stations are spliced to form multi-array seismic signals.
As shown in fig. 8, there is no time difference offset (a, b) between the sets of acquisition signals of two consecutive stations, and it can be seen that a certain misalignment occurs between the sets of acquisition signals in the case of not passing through the pps time correction result (c), and (d) it can be seen that the characteristics of a plurality of wave groups are continuous in order to obtain the effect of splicing after correction. Through time extraction, data volume sign bit extension and pps signal position extraction, then, signals are re-acquired after missing pps signals are recovered, and finally, time alignment splicing, abnormal value elimination, 0 normalization, homogenization and the like are carried out on signals from different digital packets, so that multi-channel continuous recording data of earthquake while drilling is obtained (fig. 8 d).
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-channel continuous seismic while drilling acquisition system is characterized by being provided with an acquisition station, wherein the acquisition station comprises a geophone, a multi-core shielding wire, a seismic while drilling digital packet and a GPS module; the detector is connected to the seismic while drilling digital packet through a multi-core shielded wire; the GPS module provides accurate time information for the digital packet; the earthquake-while-drilling digital packet is connected to an indoor computer host through a network cable, and an optical fiber transceiver can be connected between the earthquake-while-drilling digital packet and the computer host in series to realize long-distance transmission.
2. The multi-channel continuous acquisition system for earthquake while drilling as recited in claim 1, wherein the earthquake while drilling digital packet can realize data transmission by means of an interface of a network base station, and long-distance optical fibers are prevented from being distributed; a plurality of acquisition stations can be connected in series, and the extension of the acquisition stations is realized.
3. The multi-channel continuous acquisition system for earthquake while drilling as recited in claim 1, wherein the computer host is connected with the single-point vibration acquisition host through a USB, and the single-point vibration acquisition host is connected with a three-component detector arranged on a derrick and used for acquiring pilot signals.
4. The multi-channel continuous acquisition system for earthquake while drilling as recited in claim 1, wherein the earthquake while drilling digital package is provided with an embedded motherboard, a front-end amplifier and analog-to-digital conversion unit, a clock circuit unit, and a digital and power supply unit.
5. The multi-channel continuous acquisition while drilling system for seismic acquisition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the embedded motherboard comprises an ARM controller, a CPU or a data memory;
the preamplifier and analog-to-digital conversion unit includes: programmable gain front-end with the same number of channels and A/D analog-to-digital converter, which converts the analog signal from the detector to a digital signal.
6. The seismic-while-drilling multichannel continuous acquisition system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the clock circuit unit is provided with: the GPS time service clock generator, the FIFO buffer and the logic circuit;
the FIFO buffer provides first-in first-out buffer for the data after A/D conversion, and then records the data into the data memory; the logic circuit provides control logic for the whole machine; the GPS time service clock generator provides standard clock and PPS information for the complete machine control and the A/D analog-to-digital converter.
7. The seismic-while-drilling multichannel continuous acquisition system as recited in claim 4, wherein the digital and power supply unit comprises: a network switch and a power supply.
8. The data storage method of the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the data storage method of the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system comprises the following steps:
the sign bit expansion principle is utilized to store the acquisition track information into the high-order byte of the data body, and the organic combination of the track number and the pps time signal is realized, so that an accurate flag bit is provided for the time alignment of a plurality of subsequent acquisition stations.
9. The data storage method of the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system as recited in claim 8, wherein the data storage method of the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system is specifically as follows:
each sampling point is a 32-bit floating point number, the highest bit is a sign bit, and the sign bit expansion principle shows that the magnitude of a numerical value cannot be changed by only carrying out complement operation from 24-bit expanded sign bits to 32 bits;
replacing the highest byte with a track number of 0x00-0x70, and when navigation pps time information appears, sequentially changing the highest byte of 0x00-0x70 into 0x04-0x74, thereby completing the combination of the track number and the time information in a data body;
the stored and transmitted data takes 32896 bytes as a basic data structure body and comprises a 128-byte header segment and a 32768-byte data body;
the 128-byte header field comprises the packet number, the data area length and GPS information of the current data packet, a 32768-byte data body adopts 4 bytes as a number for continuous storage, the high-order byte represents the track number and pps time information, when the specific data is de-compiled, the track number and the pps information are extracted from the high-order byte, and the actual data is expanded into 32-bit data through a sign bit according to the first 24 bits.
10. A data processing method of a seismic information data processing terminal, characterized in that the processing method of the seismic information data processing terminal uses the seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition method of claim 8 to decode the data in a storage format.
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| CN202110963944.9A CN114059997A (en) | 2021-08-21 | 2021-08-21 | Seismic while drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system and data storage and data processing method |
| ZA2021/08862A ZA202108862B (en) | 2021-08-21 | 2021-11-10 | Seismic-while-drilling multi-channel continuous acquisition system, data storage and data processing method thereof |
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