Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an alumina material. By controlling the size and crystallinity of primary particles, the alumina material with concentrated particle size distribution, high crystallinity and larger specific surface and pore volume is prepared.
The preparation method of the alumina material comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding a certain amount of organic solvent and metal salt into a reaction container, adding an acidic aluminum salt aqueous solution I and an alkaline aluminum salt aqueous solution I in parallel flow under the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, carrying out neutralization and gel formation reaction, and separating sol from the organic solvent after the reaction is finished; (2) Adding a certain amount of bottom water into a reaction container, adding the sol obtained in the step (1), mixing, and adding an acidic aluminum salt aqueous solution II and an alkaline aluminum salt aqueous solution II in parallel flow at a certain temperature and under a certain pressure to perform neutralization and gel forming reaction; (3) After the gelling reaction is finished, the reaction system is subjected to aging reaction at high temperature and high pressure, and the aged material is filtered, dried and roasted to obtain the alumina material.
In the method of the invention, the reaction vessel is a pressure-resistant vessel, and a high-pressure reaction vessel can be generally selected.
In the method of the invention, the organic solvent in the step (1) is one or more of alkane, alkene, organic alcohol or organic acid which are not mutually soluble or slightly soluble in water; wherein the alkane has the molecular formula of C n H 2n+2 (n.gtoreq.5) one or more alkanes, preferably one or more pentanes, hexanes or dodecanes, etc.; wherein the olefin has the formula C n H 2n (n.gtoreq.5) one or more olefins; preferably pentene and/or hexene; the molecular formula of the organic alcohol is C n H 2n+2 Monohydric alcohol of O (n is more than or equal to 6) and molecular formula C n H 2n+2-x (OH) x One or more of the polyols of (x.gtoreq.3), preferably one or more of n-hexanol, n-heptanol, glycerol; the organic acid is one or more of aliphatic and/or aromatic carboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid, and the like.
In the method of the invention, the addition amount of the organic solvent in the step (1) is 1/5 to 1/2 of the volume of the reaction vessel.
In the method of the invention, the metal salt in the step (1) is one or more of AgCl, znS, cuS, hgS and the like; the metal salt is added in the amount of Al in the acidic aluminum salt and the alkaline aluminum salt in the step (1) 2 O 3 0.1 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 2% of the mass of the composition.
In the method of the invention, the low temperature and high pressure conditions in the step (1) are as follows: the temperature is-15 to 15 ℃, preferably 0 to 15 ℃, and the pressure is 1 to 10MPa, preferably 5 to 10MPa; the pH value of the neutralization and gel forming reaction in the step (1) is 2-6, preferably 2-5, and the reaction time is 10-180 minutes, preferably 10-60 minutes. The reaction is preferably carried out under stirring at a rate of from 100 to 500rad/min, preferably from 150 to 500rad/min.
In the method of the invention, the acid aluminum salt aqueous solution I in the step (1) is AlCl 3 、Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Or Al (NO) 3 One or more of the aqueous solutions, preferably Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 And/or AlCl 3 Aqueous solution, concentration of acidic aluminum salt aqueous solution is Al 2 O 3 The flow rate is 10-80 mL/min and the flow rate is 10-100 g/100 mL; the alkaline aluminum salt aqueous solution is selected from NaAlO 2 Or KAlO 2 One or two of the aqueous solutions, preferably NaAlO 2 Aqueous solution, alkaline aluminum salt aqueous solution concentration of Al 2 O 3 The flow rate is 10-80 mL/min and the flow rate is 10-100 g/100 mL.
In the method of the invention, the particle size distribution of the sol obtained by separation in the step (1) is as follows: the proportion of the particle diameter less than 50nm is 0.5% -1%, the proportion of the particle diameter of 50-100 nm is 2% -5%, and the proportion of the particle diameter more than 100nm is 94% -97%; the crystallinity is less than 95%.
In the method of the invention, the bottom water added in the step (2) is 1/5 to 1/2 of the volume of the reaction vessel.
In the process of the present invention, the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 100 to 300 ℃, preferably 150 to 250 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 5 to 15MPa, preferably 10 to 15MPa, and the reaction pressure in the step (2) is 1 to 5MPa higher than the reaction pressure in the step (1). Step (2) is carried out under stirring at a rate of 100 to 500rad/min, preferably 200 to 500rad/min.
In the method of the invention, the acid aluminum salt aqueous solution II in the step (2) is AlCl 3 、Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Or Al (NO) 3 One or more of the aqueous solutions, preferably Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 And/or AlCl 3 The concentration of the aqueous solution, the acidic aluminum salt aqueous solution II is Al 2 O 3 The flow rate is 10-80 mL/min and the flow rate is 10-100 g/100 mL; the alkaline aluminum salt aqueous solution II is selected from NaAlO 2 Or KAlO 2 One or two of the aqueous solutions, preferably NaAlO 2 Aqueous solution, alkaline aluminum salt aqueous solution concentration of Al 2 O 3 The flow rate is 10-80 mL/min and the flow rate is 10-100 g/100 mL. The pH value of the neutralization gel forming reaction in the step (2) is 7-11, preferably 7-10, and the pH value of the reaction in the step (2) is 2-5 higher than that in the step (1); the neutralization and gel forming reaction time is 60-120 minutes.
In the method of the present invention, the aging reaction conditions of step (3): the temperature is 300-500 ℃, the aging pressure is 15-20 MPa, and the aging time is 60-360 minutes. The aging temperature in the step (3) is 100-250 ℃ higher than the reaction temperature in the step (2); the aging is carried out under stirring conditions, preferably at a stirring speed of 500 to 800r/min.
In the method, the drying temperature in the step (3) is 100-450 ℃, preferably 150-400 ℃ and the drying time is 1-10 hours, and the drying mode can be flash evaporation drying, cyclone drying, oven drying, spray drying and the like; the calcination temperature is 300-800 ℃, preferably 350-550 ℃, and the calcination time is 2-5 hours, preferably 2-4 hours.
The invention also provides an alumina material which has the following properties: pore volume is 0.95-1.2 mL g -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The specific surface area is 290-350 m 2 ·g -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The pore diameter is not less than 80nm, preferably 80-100 nm; crystallinity not less than 90%, preferably 95% -99%; the particle size distribution is concentrated, and the particle size distribution is as follows: the proportion of the particle size less than 50 mu m is 0.5% -1%, the proportion of the particle size of 50-100 mu m is 2% -5%, and the proportion of the particle size more than 100 mu m is 94% -97%.
The alumina material of the invention can be used in the fields of catalysis, adsorption and the like, and is especially suitable for preparing a heavy oil hydrotreating catalyst.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. because of the wrapping of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on the surface of the aluminum hydroxide hydrosol, the aluminum hydroxide hydrosol is easy to polymerize into giant molecules through hydroxyl bridges to precipitate and form gel. In the method, an organic solvent which is not mutually soluble or slightly soluble with water is used as a reaction medium, and the neutralization reaction is carried out by controlling the pressure and the temperature, so that on one hand, the aluminum hydroxide hydrosol generated by neutralization forms hydrophobic hydrosol due to the existence of the organic solvent which is not mutually soluble with water around, and the mutual adhesion and aggregation among particles are avoided; on the other hand, under the pressure and temperature conditions of the step (1), the aggregation of sol-gel molecules or ions due to collision is reduced;
2. in the gel forming process, polar molecules or ions with small molecules, large polarity and larger orientation rate are used as seed crystals, so that gel particles are oriented and arranged into ordered crystal precipitation or colloidal particles with a crystal structure; then, a small amount of amorphous aluminum hydroxide is dissolved under the condition of lower pH value, namely acidity, so that the generated ordered pseudo-boehmite is reserved;
3. in the method, a large amount of crystal form complete sol particles are aggregated to form pseudo-boehmite to be precipitated under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and higher pH value, and meanwhile, the generation of alumina trihydrate is avoided; the precipitated pseudo-boehmite particles with complete crystal forms are subjected to aging reaction under the conditions of high pressure and high temperature, so that the alumina material with high crystal purity, large pore size, concentrated pore size distribution and concentrated particle size distribution is finally formed.
Detailed Description
In the method, the specific surface area and the pore volume are measured by adopting a low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method; the particle size distribution is measured by a laser particle size distribution instrument; crystallinity is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
The method for producing alumina of the present invention will be described in more detail by way of specific examples. The examples are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the method of the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of the invention.
Example 1
2L of n-hexanol was added as a reaction medium to a 10L autoclave, 1.6g of AgCl was added, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to 5MPa, the reaction temperature was 10℃and the stirring rate was 200rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 20g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 10g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 15mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to be 2.5, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 15min, wherein the property of sol A is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 10MPa, reacting at 180 ℃ and stirring at the rate of 300rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 20g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 10g/100mL to be 15mL/min and 20mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 7.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 60min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 15MPa, the reaction temperature is 280 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 120min, and the required aluminum oxide A is obtained after filtering, drying at 150 ℃ for 4h and roasting at 400 ℃ for 3h, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Example 2
To a 10L autoclave was added.2.5L of cyclohexane as a reaction medium, 9g of AgCl was added, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to 4MPa, the reaction temperature was 0℃and the stirring rate was 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL to be 30mL/min and 25mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to be 5.0, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 30min, wherein the property of sol B is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 12MPa, reacting at 150 ℃ and stirring at a rate of 500rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 30mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to be 10.0, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 120min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 20MPa, the reaction temperature is 250 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 120min, the required aluminum oxide B is obtained after filtering, drying at 180 ℃ for 5h and roasting at 350 ℃ for 4h, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Example 3
5L of benzoic acid was added as a reaction medium to a 10L autoclave, 13g of AgCl was added, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to 8MPa, the reaction temperature was 15℃and the stirring rate was 250rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 40g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 35g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 10mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to be 4.5, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 60min, wherein the property of sol C is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 12MPa, reacting at 200 ℃, and stirring at 400rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL to be 10mL/min and 25mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 9.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 100min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 15MPa, the reaction temperature is 300 ℃, the stirring speed is 400rad/min, the aging is carried out for 240min, and the required aluminum oxide C is obtained after filtering, drying at 200 ℃ for 3h and roasting at 500 ℃ for 4h, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Example 4
4L of styrene as a reaction medium was added to a 10L autoclave, 6.18g of AgCl was added, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to 9MPa, the reaction temperature was 5℃and the stirring rate was 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 50g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 15mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 3.5, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 45min, wherein the property of the sol D is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 15MPa, and reacting at 190 ℃ with the stirring rate of 450rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 45g/100mL to be 25mL/min and 40mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 8.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 80min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 20MPa, the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 360min, the mixture is filtered, dried at 180 ℃ for 2h and baked at 400 ℃ for 3h, and the required aluminum oxide D is obtained, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1
4L of styrene was added as a reaction medium to a 10L autoclave, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to 5MPa, the reaction temperature was 5℃and the stirring rate was 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 50g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 15mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 3.5, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 45min, wherein the property of sol E is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 15MPa, and reacting at 190 ℃ with the stirring rate of 450rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 45g/100mL to be 25mL/min and 40mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 8.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 80min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 20MPa, the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 360min, the mixture is filtered, dried at 180 ℃ for 2h and baked at 400 ℃ for 3h, and the required aluminum oxide E is obtained, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
4L of purified water is added into a 10L high-pressure reaction kettle as a reaction medium, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to be 4MPa, the reaction temperature is 5 ℃, and the stirring speed is 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle are opened, the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 50g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL are controlled to be 20mL/min and 15mL/min respectively, the pH value of the reaction is regulated to 3.5, after neutralization reaction is carried out for 45min, the sol is separated, and the property of the sol F is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 12MPa, and reacting at 190 ℃ with the stirring rate of 450rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 45g/100mL to be 25mL/min and 40mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 8.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 80min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 20MPa, the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 360min, the mixture is filtered, dried at 180 ℃ for 2h and baked at 400 ℃ for 3h, and the required aluminum oxide F is obtained, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
4L of purified water is added into a 10L high-pressure reaction kettle as a reaction medium, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 5MPa, the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, and the stirring speed is 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle are opened, the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 50G/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25G/100mL are controlled to be 20mL/min and 15mL/min respectively, the pH value of the reaction is regulated to 3.5, after neutralization reaction is carried out for 45min, the sol is separated, and the property of the sol G is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 15MPa, and reacting at 190 ℃ with the stirring rate of 450rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 45g/100mL to be 25mL/min and 40mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 8.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 80min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 20MPa, the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 360min, the mixture is filtered, dried at 180 ℃ for 2h and baked at 400 ℃ for 3h, and the required aluminum oxide G is obtained, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4
4L of styrene as a reaction medium was added to a 10L autoclave, 6.18g of AgCl was added, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to atmospheric pressure, the reaction temperature was 120℃and the stirring rate was 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 50g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 15mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 3.5, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 45min, wherein the property of the sol H is shown in Table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 12MPa, and reacting at 190 ℃ with the stirring rate of 450rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 45g/100mL to be 25mL/min and 40mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 8.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 80min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to 20MPa, the reaction temperature is 400 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 360min, the mixture is filtered, dried at 180 ℃ for 2H and baked at 400 ℃ for 3H, and the required aluminum oxide H is obtained, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 5
4L of styrene as a reaction medium was added to a 10L autoclave, 6.18g of AgCl was added, the autoclave pressure was adjusted to 10MPa, the reaction temperature was 5℃and the stirring rate was 300rad/min. After stirring uniformly, opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 50g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 25g/100mL to be respectively 20mL/min and 15mL/min, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 3.5, and separating an organic solvent from sol in the high-pressure reaction kettle after neutralization reaction for 45min, wherein the property of the sol I is shown in the table 1.
Adding the sol into the high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 2.5L of purified water into the high-pressure reaction kettle, regulating the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle to 15MPa, and reacting at 190 ℃ with the stirring rate of 450rad/min. Opening an acid liquid feed inlet and an alkali liquid feed inlet at the upper end of the high-pressure reaction kettle, controlling the flow rates of an aluminum sulfate solution with the concentration of 30g/100mL and a sodium metaaluminate solution with the concentration of 45g/100mL to be 25mL/min and 40mL/min respectively, adjusting the pH value of the reaction to 8.5, and carrying out neutralization reaction for 80min.
After the neutralization reaction, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle is regulated to normal pressure, the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the stirring speed is 500rad/min, the aging is carried out for 360min, the mixture is filtered, dried at 180 ℃ for 2h and baked at 400 ℃ for 3h, and the required aluminum oxide I is obtained, and the properties are shown in Table 2.
Table 1 properties of sol in examples and comparative examples
Table 2 properties of alumina in examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the method of the present invention uses sol with high crystallinity and concentrated particle size distribution as crystal, and the prepared alumina has larger pore diameter and pore volume, higher specific surface area, larger crystallinity and concentrated particle size distribution.