CN114057206A - Method for absorbing electromagnetic waves by adopting layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material - Google Patents
Method for absorbing electromagnetic waves by adopting layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114057206A CN114057206A CN202111427387.5A CN202111427387A CN114057206A CN 114057206 A CN114057206 A CN 114057206A CN 202111427387 A CN202111427387 A CN 202111427387A CN 114057206 A CN114057206 A CN 114057206A
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- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for absorbing electromagnetic waves by adopting a layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material, wherein the preparation method of the wave-absorbing composite material comprises the following steps: the diatomite, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea and ammonium fluoride are uniformly mixed in 70mL deionized water according to the proportion of 70mg:261.7mg:87.3mg:432mg:370mg, then the mixture is moved into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 8-14h at the temperature of 110-130 ℃ and the autogenous pressure. The layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared by the invention improves the wave-absorbing performance of the composite material by exerting the synergistic effect of the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide and the diatomite, and has a wide prospect in the application and popularization of the electromagnetic wave absorption field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic wave absorption, and particularly relates to a method for absorbing electromagnetic waves by adopting a layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material.
Background
With the development of modern science and technology, various electrical and electronic devices emerge endlessly, bring great convenience to human beings, and simultaneously bury the hidden danger of electromagnetic pollution. Electromagnetic pollution is another new pollution following water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution, is high in harmfulness and difficult to protect, and increasingly affects human health, production and living environments.
Under the radiation of electromagnetic wave, the tissues of human body generate heat, the temperature rises, and the structural damage of proteins, enzymes and organs in the body is caused, so that the normal operation cannot be realized. Meanwhile, the radiation of electromagnetic waves increases the probability of gene mutation in the human body, which is likely to cause gene mutation and induce diseases such as tumor. It follows that the threat of electromagnetic pollution to human health is enormous.
The influence of electromagnetic pollution on the production and living environment of human beings is not negligible. At present, electronic equipment is deeply inserted into the production and life of people. Electromagnetic pollution is a large "natural enemy" of electronic equipment. In an airport, electromagnetic pulses emitted by electronic equipment such as a mobile phone and a computer easily interfere with the normal operation of sensitive equipment such as an antenna and a sensor of an airplane, and airport flights are mistakenly caught because of the failure of taking off due to the interference of electromagnetic waves. In hospitals, mobile phones often interfere with the normal operation of various electronic medical instruments, and have a great influence on parts of high-sensitivity medical equipment.
Electromagnetic waves not only have received great attention in the civil field, but also have received much attention in the military field. In modern war, with the continuous development of detection technology, the survival problem of weapons faces a significant challenge. The current detection technology is mainly based on electromagnetic wave detection, and determines the orientation of an object through the reflection of the object to the electromagnetic wave, so as to accurately intercept and strike. How to effectively avoid the detection of enemy radar to carry out accurate striking, realize the stealth of fighting equipment, improve the survival ability on a battlefield and become an important factor influencing the modern war. The war in the gulf in the united states used many military technologies most advanced in the world at that time, in which stealth aircraft were shown to startle countries in the world, and stealth technology was also becoming a research focus in the military field of countries in the world. Therefore, the research and application of the wave-absorbing material have important significance for the development of the civil radiation-proof anti-interference field and the military stealth technology.
Therefore, it has become a major subject of material science to find a material capable of resisting and attenuating electromagnetic wave radiation, i.e. a wave-absorbing material.
The wave-absorbing material is generally composed of two types of materials, namely a wave-absorbing agent and a wave-transmitting material. The wave-transmitting material is used as a matrix of the wave-absorbing material, a channel is provided for transmission of electromagnetic waves, and the wave-absorbing agent mainly absorbs the electromagnetic waves. The wave absorbing agent is the core of the wave absorbing material, and in order to meet the requirements of the wave absorbing material on properties such as thinness, lightness, width, strength and the like, the research of the wave absorbing agent is developing towards high efficiency, compounding, compatibility and intellectualization. At present, the research of the absorbent mainly focuses on carbon-based wave-absorbing materials, conductive polymer wave-absorbing materials, chiral wave-absorbing materials, ferrite and other directions.
The carbon nano tube and graphene in the carbon-based wave-absorbing material are most widely researched. The carbon nano tube has light weight, good compatibility and wide wave-absorbing frequency band, but cannot easily achieve impedance matching with air due to the high dielectric constant of the carbon nano tube, the graphene has high dielectric loss and low density, but the impedance matching is poor due to the high dielectric constant, and the impedance matching degree with the air can be adjusted by adjusting the dielectric constant. The conductive polyaniline is the most widely researched conductive polymer wave-absorbing material, has good thermal stability, easy doping and electrical conductivity, but the traditional polyaniline has no magnetism, and the magnetic conductivity needs to be adjusted by changing the appearance to realize the adjustment of the impedance matching degree with air. The research of the chiral wave-absorbing material mainly comprises chiral polyaniline and spiral carbon fiber, the chiral wave-absorbing material also has the problem of impedance matching with air, and the chiral wave-absorbing material can adjust the impedance matching degree of the material and the atmosphere by adjusting chiral parameters.
Aiming at the defect of impedance mismatching of the existing wave absorber, the electromagnetic parameter can be improved by changing the electromagnetic parameter, but the electromagnetic wave absorption performance is reduced while the improvement is carried out, and the two are contradictory. By compounding with a material with good wave-transmitting performance, impedance matching can be realized by using the wave-transmitting material under the condition that the absorption performance does not fluctuate greatly. However, there are only few reports on related technologies.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for absorbing electromagnetic waves by adopting a layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material, wherein the composite material takes diatomite as a carrier and loads the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the diatomite, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea and ammonium fluoride are uniformly mixed in deionized water (60-80) according to the proportion of (60mg-80mg): (250.7-271.5) mg, (75.6-96.3) mg, (420-.
Preferably, the proportion of the diatomite to the nickel nitrate, the cobalt nitrate, the urea and the ammonium fluoride is 70mg to 261.7mg to 87.3mg to 432mg to 370mg, and the dosage of the deionized water is 70 mL.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of dispersing the diatomite in a mixed solution of nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea, ammonium fluoride and deionized water under stirring before the hydrothermal reaction.
The stirring method is not particularly limited, and any mechanical stirring or manual stirring technical scheme known to those skilled in the art can be adopted, so as to uniformly disperse the diatomite in the mixed solution of nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea, ammonium fluoride and deionized water. Preferably, the stirring time is 10 min.
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, the reaction temperature is 120 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 hours.
Preferably, after the hydrothermal reaction is completed, the method further comprises the step of washing and drying the product after the reaction in sequence to obtain a solid product. The washing is carried out by adopting water and ethanol, and the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)SiO2the material has good wave-transmitting performance, can allow electromagnetic waves to enter the material as much as possible, has a stable structure, and is a good choice for base materials. The diatomite mainly comprises SiO2Has good wave-transmitting performance, and simultaneously, because the diatomite is a three-dimensional porous materialThe material has rich pore structures, and can effectively reduce complex dielectric constant, thereby being beneficial to impedance matching and leading more electromagnetic waves to enter the material. Meanwhile, the porous structure and the internal cavity of the diatomite can realize multi-stage reflection of electromagnetic waves, and the reflection loss of the electromagnetic waves in the material is increased. Therefore, diatomite is a matrix material with great advantages.
The layered double metal hydroxide (LDH) has the characteristics of high specific surface area and rich inner layer interface, provides favorable conditions for realizing the maximum attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves, has low LDH conductivity, is easy to realize impedance matching conditions, and is easy to agglomerate. The layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared by the invention successfully loads the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide by taking the diatomite as a carrier, and the loaded nano particles have uniform and controllable sizes and consistent appearances. The layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide is loaded on the diatomite, so that the defect that the layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide is easy to agglomerate can be effectively overcome, and the wave-absorbing performance of the composite material can be improved by exerting the synergistic effect of the layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide and the diatomite.
(2) The minimum reflection loss of the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material in the range of 2-18GHz is-14.95 dB (better than the minimum reflection loss of graphene-5 dB), and the effective absorption bandwidth (the frequency range of which the reflection loss is less than-10 dB) can maximally reach 6.4GHz (better than the effective absorption bandwidth of a carbon nano tube by 3 GHz).
(3) The layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material provided by the invention not only overcomes the defect of impedance mismatching of a plurality of existing wave absorbers, but also has good wave absorbing performance, and has a great prospect in the application and popularization of the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.
(4) The preparation method of the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material is simple and is very suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD chart of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention at a low magnification.
Fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention at a high magnification.
Fig. 4 is an electromagnetic parameter diagram of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention with a mixing amount of 20%.
Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional representation of the reflection loss of the layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared in example 1 with the doping amount of 20%, which reflects the wave-absorbing property of the composite material.
Fig. 6 is an XRD pattern of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention at a low magnification.
Fig. 8 is a scanning electron microscope image of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention at high magnification.
Fig. 9 is an electromagnetic parameter graph of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention at a doping level of 20%.
Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional representation of the reflection loss of the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide prepared in comparative example 1 at 20%, which reflects the wave-absorbing property of the material.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Mixing diatomite, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea and ammonium fluoride according to the proportion of 70mg:261.7mg:87.3mg:432mg:370mg in 70mL of deionized water, stirring for 10min by using a magnetic stirrer, uniformly mixing, then transferring into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 120 ℃ for 12h, and naturally cooling to room temperature; and after the reaction is finished, collecting a solid product generated by the reaction, washing the solid product with water and ethanol, and drying the solid product at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material.
XRD analysis is carried out on the obtained layered nickel cobalt double metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material by adopting an X-ray diffraction instrument, and the characterization result is shown in figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of the resulting layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide/diatomaceous earth composite material are shown in fig. 2 and 3. Wherein, fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite material at a low magnification, and fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite material at a high magnification. Therefore, the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared by the invention successfully loads the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide by taking the diatomite as a carrier, and the loaded nano particles have uniform and controllable sizes and consistent appearances.
The electromagnetic parameters of the obtained layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide were tested by a vector network analyzer (PNA-L, N5234A, Agilent) coaxial method and the wave-absorbing properties were calculated, the test results are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Wave-absorbing performance test data show that the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material prepared by the invention has good wave-absorbing performance, the minimum reflection loss at 2-18GHz is-14.95 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (the frequency range of reflection loss less than-10 dB) can maximally reach 6.4 GHz.
Comparative example 1
Stirring nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea and ammonium fluoride in 70mL deionized water solution according to the proportion of 261.7mg to 87.3mg to 432mg to 370mg for 10min by using a magnetic stirrer; then transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 hours at 120 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature; and after the reaction is finished, collecting a solid product generated by the reaction, washing the solid product with water and ethanol, and drying the solid product at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide.
XRD analysis is carried out on the obtained layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide by adopting an X-ray diffraction instrument, and the characterization result is shown in figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of the resulting layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide are shown in fig. 7 and 8. Wherein, FIG. 7 is the SEM image of the material at low magnification, and FIG. 8 is the SEM image of the material at high magnification. Therefore, the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide is successfully prepared, the nano particles are in a hexagonal layered sheet shape, the thickness of the sheet layer is about 58nm, and the size is uniform.
The electromagnetic parameters of the obtained layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide were tested by a vector network analyzer (PNA-L, N5234A, Agilent) coaxial method and the wave-absorbing properties were calculated, the test results are shown in fig. 9 and 10.
Wave-absorbing performance test data show that the minimum reflection loss of the layered nickel-cobalt double hydroxide at 2-18GHz is-12.73 dB, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (the frequency range with the reflection loss less than-10 dB) can reach 2.3 GHz.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for absorbing electromagnetic waves by adopting a layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide/diatomite composite material is characterized in that the composite material takes diatomite as a carrier and loads the layered nickel-cobalt double-metal hydroxide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the layered nickel cobalt double hydroxide/diatomite composite material is prepared by a method comprising the steps of: the diatomite, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, urea and ammonium fluoride are uniformly mixed in deionized water (60-80) according to the proportion of (60mg-80mg): (250.7-271.5) mg, (75.6-96.3) mg, (420-.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the diatomite to the nickel nitrate, the cobalt nitrate, the urea and the ammonium fluoride is 70mg:261.7mg:87.3mg:432mg:370mg, and the amount of the deionized water is 70 mL.
4. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of washing and drying the reacted product to obtain a solid product after the reaction is completed.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the washing is carried out by using water and ethanol, and the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction temperature is 120 ℃ and the reaction time is 12 hours.
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