CN114056160A - 用于对机动车辆的牵引电池进行充电的方法 - Google Patents

用于对机动车辆的牵引电池进行充电的方法 Download PDF

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CN114056160A
CN114056160A CN202110888182.0A CN202110888182A CN114056160A CN 114056160 A CN114056160 A CN 114056160A CN 202110888182 A CN202110888182 A CN 202110888182A CN 114056160 A CN114056160 A CN 114056160A
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CN114056160B (zh
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R·海涅
T·考尔
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及通过固定充电桩(20)对具有牵引电机(41)的机动车辆(40)的牵引电池(42)充电的方法，在充电插头(28，32)连接的情况下通过以下方法步骤：通过车辆充电控制器(50)以低电压值作为请求充电电压向充电桩充电控制器(22)申请充电过程；对于请求充电电压，由充电桩充电控制器控制由充电桩侧的绝缘测试器(26)实施的绝缘测试；由充电桩控制器将最大充电桩电压(UL)告知车辆充电控制器；如果告知的最大充电桩电压对应于高于低电压值且在技术上可合理使用的高电压值：由车辆充电控制器继续引导充电过程或以高电压值作为请求充电电压向充电桩充电控制器修正地申请充电过程，将充电电压适配器(44)设定到与高电压值对应的充电电压。

Description

用于对机动车辆的牵引电池进行充电的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于通过固定充电桩对具有牵引电机的机动车辆的牵引电池进行充电的方法。
背景技术
取决于制造商和型号，补充性地或排他地电机驱动的机动车辆的高压牵引电池具有例如400V或800V的不同的技术上的直流充电电压级(technische Gleichspannungs-Ladespannungsebenen)。因此，在试图实现高驱动功率和对牵引电池充电的尽可能短的充电时间的车辆中，使用具有例如800V高电压值的技术上的充电电压级的牵引电池。相反，许多高压充电桩提供例如标称400V的较低电压值作为最大充电桩电压，例如中国的充电桩。通过定义了充电桩充电控制器与车辆充电控制器的通信的现有通信协议在具有例如400V的较低最大充电桩电压的充电站处启动对具有例如800V的技术上的高牵引电池充电电压级的机动车辆的充电过程变得困难或不可能。
在将车辆侧的充电插头(下文中总是还可以称为充电插座)与充电桩侧的充电插头电连接之后，机动车辆经由其充电控制器以牵引电池充电电压级的标称电压值在充电桩的充电控制器处进行申请。如果牵引电池充电电压级高于标称最大充电桩电压，则充电桩充电控制器根据现有的通信协议明确拒绝充电过程。由此，在充电桩处用于对具有例如800V的高充电电压级的牵引电池进行充电的网络在某些情况下是非常稀疏的。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是创造一种用于对具有(较高的)技术上的充电电压级的机动车辆牵引电池进行充电的方法，该方法还允许在具有较低的最大充电桩电压的充电桩处用其技术上可设定的较低的充电电压进行充电。
根据本发明，这个目的通过具有发明内容部分以下段落中所述的特征的方法来实现。
下文中以具有800V的技术上的牵引电池充电电压级的机动车辆和具有400V或者800V的最大充电桩电压的充电站为例来说明本发明。当然，所有这些电压值应理解为仅是示例性的。然而，在每种情况下，牵引电池都为具有远大于60V的技术上的充电电压级的所谓高压牵引电池。牵引电池的技术上的充电电压级在本文中总是理解为：可以通过充电桩对牵引电池充电以便以此方式保持尽可能短的充电时间的最大电压值。技术上的充电电压级还可以是馈送给机动车辆的牵引电机的电压级。充电桩在本文中不应理解为空间意义上的桩，而是应理解为构成到机动车辆的充电接口的、用于给机动车辆牵引电池充电的固定充电设备。
该充电桩具有充电桩充电控制器，以便控制和操控充电过程。该充电桩具有充电电压转换器以便生成高压直流充电电压，该充电电压转换器在本发明所观察的构型中针对机动车辆的牵引电池的技术上的充电电压级从供电网络供应的交流电压生成低充电桩电压，该低充电桩电压为例如400V的直流电压。
该充电桩具有用于测试充电导线相对于大地电势的绝缘性的绝缘测试器。在启动充电过程之前充电桩的绝缘测试器测试两条直流电压充电导线相对于大地电势的电绝缘性或电阻，经由这两条直流电压充电导线，充电桩的充电电能流到机动车辆牵引电池。最后，该充电桩具有充电插头，该充电插头可以与车辆的对应的或互补的充电插头机械地且电气地连接，以便将相应的充电导线彼此电连接。充电插头在本文中不应理解为特定的形状，而是应理解为被形成为与另一个插头可以机械地且电气地插接在一起的组件。
该机动车辆具有自身的车辆充电控制器，以便控制和操控充电过程。该机动车辆还具有自身的单独的绝缘测试器，以便测试机动车辆充电导线相对于充电桩的接地上的大地电势的电绝缘性。
该机动车辆具有牵引电池，该牵引电池具有例如800V的相对高电压值的技术上的充电电压级。由此在充电桩处可以以例如标称800V的最大充电桩电压对牵引电池进行非常快速的充电。牵引电机还可以以技术上的充电电压级的高电压值有效地供应电能。通过机动车辆牵引电池的技术上的高充电电压级，可以将热损耗保持得相对较小。
该机动车辆具有车辆侧的充电插头，该充电插头可以与对应的充电桩充电插头连接。在此将两条充电导线、一条大地电势导线以及一般还有至少一条数据导线彼此电连接。然而，理论上，在充电桩充电控制器与车辆侧的充电控制器之间的数据传输还可以无线地进行。
该机动车辆具有充电电压适配器，通过该充电电压适配器可以按照需要通过升压使例如400V的低充电桩电压适配于例如800V的技术上的牵引电池充电电压级。例如还可以在充电期间按照需要通过充电电压适配器将牵引电池的两个400V的模块并联电连接，而它们在行驶运行中是串联电连接的。以此方式可以选择性地用400V还有800V的充电桩电压对牵引电池进行充电。通过车辆充电控制器来控制充电电压适配器。
根据本发明的方法在充电插头彼此连接的情况下设置以下方法步骤：
首先由车辆充电控制器向充电桩充电控制器申请具有例如400V的低期望充电电压值的充电过程或充电过程请求。在充电桩处的申请总是用例如400V的低期望充电电压值来进行，以便确保充电请求也可以被具有例如400V的较低最大充电桩电压的充电桩接受。
具有例如400V的低最大充电桩电压的充电桩不拒绝所申请的充电请求，而是接受该充电请求。然后通过充电桩充电控制器和车辆充电控制器来准备充电过程，使得最终以400V的低最大充电电压来开始并执行充电过程。以此方式还可以在具有较低的最大充电桩电压的充电桩处对具有相对高的技术上的充电电压级的牵引电池的机动车辆进行充电。
当具有例如800V的技术上的高牵引电池充电电压级的机动车辆以例如400V的低电压值作为所请求的充电电压在可以提供例如800V的更高的最大充电桩电压的充电桩处进行申请时，首先对于车辆侧所请求的400V的充电电压，充电桩的充电控制器致使并控制由充电桩侧的绝缘测试器进行绝缘测试，因为在现有的充电协议和充电规程中如此设置。
只要成功完成了400V的绝缘测试，充电桩控制器就根据适用的通信协议将可供使用的最大充电桩电压告知车辆充电控制器。即，根据适用的通信协议，车辆充电控制器此时才得知充电桩究竟可以提供怎样的最大充电桩电压。
如果所告知的最大充电桩电压高于首先由车辆充电控制器告知的作为所请求充电电压的低电压值，则随后由车辆充电控制器继续引导充电过程或者以高电压值或以充电桩先前告知的最大充电桩电压值(如果这个充电桩电压值对于充电而言是在技术上合理的)向充电桩充电控制器重新申请充电过程。如果充电桩充电控制器接受了所请求的较高充电电压的申请，则充电电压适配器被适配于与高电压值相对应的充电电压，例如通过分别将牵引电池的两个400V的模块串联连接。
此外，对于这种情况，车辆充电控制器致使车辆侧的绝缘测试器以标准方式对于现在协商一致的例如800V的高充电电压来执行绝缘测试，确切地说优选仍在实际开始充电过程之前。由此保证：虽然充电桩侧的绝缘测试器首先仅对于例如400V的低电压值执行了绝缘测试，但是对于较高的电压值也确保了充电导线的相对于大地电势的必需的电绝缘性。这个过程确保充分的绝缘安全性并且是符合法规的。
如果由充电桩充电控制器告知车辆侧的车辆充电控制器的最大充电桩电压对应于车辆充电控制器首先请求的低电压值，则车辆侧的充电电压适配器被适配于或切换到例如400V的低电压值(如果在最开始时不是这种情况的话)。
通过本发明的方法实现了：具有较低最大直流充电桩电压的充电桩也可以接受具有标称更高的技术上的充电电压级的高压牵引电池并且将其充电。
附图说明
以下借助于附图对本发明的实施例进行详细解释。图1示意性示出具有机动车辆的机动车辆充电组件，该机动车辆具有被充电桩充电的牵引电池。
具体实施方式
图1示出机动车辆充电组件10，该机动车辆充电组件基本上由固定的充电桩20和机动车辆40构成，该机动车辆具有牵引电机41和牵引电池42，该牵引电池为牵引电机41馈送驱动电能。
牵引电池42是具有800V的技术上的充电电压级UM的高压牵引电池并且例如由一对两个相同的各400V的牵引电池模块42'、42”组成。为牵引电池42指配充电电压适配器44，该充电电压适配器可以将牵引电池模块42'、42”彼此并联或串联电连接，使得牵引电池42二者择一地既可以在电压适配器44将这两个模块42'、42”并联电连接时用400V的充电电压进行充电，也可以在电压适配器44将这两个牵引电池模块42'、42”串联电连接时用800V的充电电压进行充电。或者，充电电压适配器可以将馈入的充电电压从400V升压到800V。
机动车辆40具有绝缘测试器46，该绝缘测试器可以对从车辆侧的充电插头32引导到充电电压适配器44的两条充电导线L1、L2分别检验在测试电压下相对于大地电势G的充分的电绝缘性。在第一步骤中，测试电压对应于由车辆充电控制器50首先请求的充电电压，即在此情况下对应于例如400V的低电压值U1。
机动车辆40还具有车辆充电控制器50，该车辆充电控制器在车辆侧控制整个充电过程并且此外与对应的充电桩侧的充电控制器22通信。
高压供电网络12为充电桩22供应电能，该电能以高压交流电压的形式被馈送到充电桩20的充电电压转换器24中。充电电压转换器24经由对应的接地导线与大地电势电连接并且在当前情况下将所馈入的交流电压转换成具有标称800V直流电的高电压值U2的高充电桩电压UL。然而还存在转换低充电桩电压UL的充电桩，该低充电桩电压具有例如标称400V的低电压值U1。在车辆充电控制器50中存储有充电控制器程序，该充电控制器程序允许通过具有800V的高电压值U2的最大充电桩电压以及400V的低电压值U1的最大充电桩电压的充电桩对牵引电池42进行充电。
充电桩20具有自身的单独的绝缘测试器26，一旦充电桩充电控制器22要求这样做，该绝缘测试器就测试这两条充电导线L1、L2分别相对于大地电势G的电阻。在电气上为充电桩20指配充电桩充电插头28，该充电桩充电插头可以与车辆充电插头32电连接成充电插头组件30。由此分别将这两条充电导线L1、L2、至少一条数据导线D和单独的接地导线电连接。
在当前情况下，首先以具有的最大充电桩电压UL具有800V的高电压值U2的充电桩为例说明本发明的方法。
在将这两个充电插头28、32插接到一起之后，车辆充电控制器50向充电桩充电控制器22申请充电过程，该充电过程以例如400V的低电压值U1作为所请求的充电电压UR。充电桩充电控制器22接受这个申请，接着充电桩充电控制器要求充电桩绝缘测试器26执行对所请求的400V充电电压的绝缘测试。在此，分别检验从充电电压转换器24出来的这两条充电导线L1、L2相对于大地电势G的绝缘电阻。如果绝缘电阻足够大，即绝缘测试获得肯定结果，则充电桩充电控制器22告知车辆充电控制器50该最大充电桩电压UL的大小为800V的高电压值U2。由于牵引电池42具有800V高电压值的技术上的充电电压级UM，所以车辆充电控制器50随后重新告知大小为800V的高电压值U2的所请求的充电电压UR。
当充电桩充电控制器22最终接受现在请求的800V高电压值U2的充电电压UR时，车辆充电控制器50指示充电电压适配器44将自身设定到或者切换到与800V的高电压值U2相对应的充电电压UL。充电电压适配器44然后简单地关断，使得可以直接对车辆电池充电，或者充电电压适配器例如为此将这两个牵引电池单元42'、42”串联电连接。同时，车辆充电控制器50使得车辆侧的绝缘测试器46以800V的高电压值U2执行绝缘测试并且在整个后续的充电过程期间连续地重复绝缘测试。由此在安全性且尤其绝缘安全性方面确保符合法律规定。
当车辆充电控制器50在充电桩20处以具有例如400V的低电压值U1的最大充电电压UL进行申请时，最晚在实际充电工作开始之前不久将充电电压适配器44设定到与低电压值U1相对应的充电电压UL，例如通过在充电工作期间将这两个牵引电池模块42'、42”并联电连接。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于通过固定充电桩(20)对具有牵引电机(41)的机动车辆(40)的牵引电池(42)进行充电的方法，
其中该充电桩(20)具有：
用于控制和操控充电过程的充电桩充电控制器(22)；充电电压转换器(24)，该充电电压转换器用于提供被馈送到充电导线(L1，L2)中的直流充电桩电压(UL)；绝缘测试器(26)，该绝缘测试器用于测试这些充电导线(L1，L2)相对于大地电势(G)和充电桩侧的充电插头(28)的电绝缘性，其中该充电电压转换器(24)提供固定的最大充电桩电压(UL)以对该牵引电池(42)进行充电，该牵引电池可以具有低电压值(U1)或高电压值(U2)，并且
其中该机动车辆(40)具有：
用于控制和操控该充电过程的车辆充电控制器(50)；绝缘测试器(46)，该绝缘测试器用于测试这些充电导线(L1，L2)相对于大地电势(G)、车辆侧的充电插头(32)和充电电压适配器(44)的电绝缘性，通过该充电电压适配器按照需要将该充电桩电压(UL)适配于该牵引电池(42)的技术上的充电电压级(UM)，其中该牵引电池(42)具有带有高电压值(U2)的技术上的充电电压级(UM)，
在充电插头(28，32)连接的情况下通过以下方法步骤：
通过该车辆充电控制器(50)以该低电压值(U1)作为所请求的充电电压(UR)向该充电桩充电控制器(22)申请充电过程，
对于所请求的充电电压(UR)，由该充电桩充电控制器(22)控制由充电桩侧的绝缘测试器(26)实施的绝缘测试，
由该充电桩控制器(22)将最大充电桩电压(UL)告知该车辆充电控制器(50)，以及
如果所告知的最大充电桩电压(UL)对应于高电压值(U2)：由该车辆充电控制器(50)继续引导充电过程或者以该高电压值(U2)作为所请求的充电电压(UR)向该充电桩充电控制器(22)申请充电过程，并且将该充电电压适配器(44)设定到与该高电压值(U2)相对应的充电桩电压(UL)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于对机动车辆(40)的牵引电池(42)进行充电的方法，在将该最大充电桩电压(UL)告知该车辆充电控制器(50)之后，该方法具有以下方法步骤：
如果所告知的最大充电桩电压(UL)对应于低电压值(U1)：将该充电电压适配器(44)设定到与该低电压值(U1)相对应的充电桩电压(UL)。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的用于对机动车辆(40)的牵引电池(42)进行充电的方法，该方法具有以下方法步骤：
如果该充电电压适配器(44)已经被设定到与该高电压值(U2)相对应的充电桩电压(UL)：由该车辆侧的充电控制器(50)控制由该车辆侧的绝缘测试器(46)以该高电压值(U2)实施的绝缘测试。
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