CN114052963A - 一种固定义齿的加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种固定义齿的加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种固定义齿的加工工艺，包括以下步骤：S1、制作石膏牙模；S2、制作义齿模具；S3、制作生胚；S4、预烧结；S5、外形加工；S6、高温烧结；S7、精细加工；S8、成品检验；S9、消毒包装。本发明在保证精度的基础上显著提高了工作效率，且最终得到的固定义齿结构强度高，使用寿命较长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及义齿加工技术领域，具体涉及一种固定义齿的加工工艺。
背景技术
临床医疗中，在人的牙齿因疾病或因年龄出现掉落之后，都需要通过安装义齿的方式进行治疗。根据义齿的种类来分，分为可摘活动义齿和固定义齿两大类，其中，固定义齿是近年来发展较快较新的技术，通过在牙槽骨中植入种植体，待种植体与牙槽骨形成骨结合后，再在种植体上固定义齿。
陶瓷材料由于具有优异的生物相容性，理化稳定性，材料性能接近牙齿，不易附着菌斑，色泽美观自然更接近真牙等众多优点，被广泛应用于固定义齿的制备。现有技术中固定义齿的加工工艺主要流程包括：牙齿取模、印模材提取印模、石膏灌注模型、复制技工工作模型、设计制作蜡型、填料静压成型、烧结成型以及打磨抛光，由于牙齿表面高低起伏不平，再加上陶瓷材料自身具有较高硬度，切削性能较差，加工成本高，采用上述加工工艺在对义齿进行切削打磨处理时候，会出现加工时间较长且对切削打磨加工设备中磨头磨损大，义齿边缘处容易出现碎裂现象，加工质量难以控制。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种固定义齿的加工工艺，其在保证加工精度的基础上显著提高了工作效率，且最终得到的固定义齿结构硬度高，使用寿命较长。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种固定义齿的加工工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1、制作石膏牙模：根据病人口中所得到的印膜制作与病人口腔内部牙型具有相同形状结构的石膏牙模；
S2、制作义齿模具：通过三维扫描仪对石膏牙模进行三维扫描，再根据设计要求对义齿表面进行加工和修改，构建出义齿三维模型，然后根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具；
S3、制作生胚：将陶瓷粉末填装至义齿模具中，然后将义齿模具放置于等静压机中进行等静压成型，得到义齿生胚；
S4、预烧结：将义齿生胚放入至烧结炉中进行预烧结，预烧结操作为：在室温下以200-300℃/h的升温速度加热至800-900℃，得到预烧胚；
S5、外形加工：对预烧胚进行外形加工，外形加工过程中根据后续高温烧结过程中的收缩系数计算外形加工的形状尺寸，使得经过外形加工后的预烧胚为成品固定义齿等比例放大的外形尺寸；
S6、高温烧结：对经过外形加工后的预烧胚放入至烧结炉中进行高温烧结，高温烧结操作为：以200-300℃/h的升温速度加热至1400-1500℃，保温1-2h后在常温环境自然降温，得到固定义齿；
S7、精细加工：将经高温烧结的固定义齿戴入石膏牙模中，根据固定义齿与相邻牙齿之间间隙对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理，以保证咬合密度；
S8、成品检验：对经过精细加工处理的固定义齿进行检验，以判断固定义齿是否合格；
S9、消毒包装：对合格的固定义齿进行消毒，并且进行包装。
优选地，所述陶瓷粉末为氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硅、碳化硅、氧化钇中的一种或几种，且所述陶瓷粉末的粒径为500-2000nm。
采用上述陶瓷粉末，其材料生物相容性好，物理化学性能稳定，菌斑不易附着，且陶瓷粉末的粒径分布均匀、分散性好，使得高温烧结成的釉质层更为均匀，使得可见光的吸收随釉质层的厚度增加而均匀增强，从而使成品固定义齿的颜色更可控。
优选地，所述陶瓷粉末中还加入有粘结剂，所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的质量比为(10-30)：1。
优选地，所述粘结剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、锆溶胶中的一种或几种。采用金属氧化物溶胶作为粘结剂，高温烧结时无有害物质排放。
优选地，所述步骤S7中，对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理后，还需要进行上釉和抛光处理。上釉处理可以减少固定义齿周围菌斑附着的数量，从而降低软组织炎症，提高固定义齿的寿命；对上釉作业后的固定义齿表面进行抛光处理，提高表面光滑度，减少固定义齿周围菌斑附着的数量，提高义齿的寿命。
优选地，所述步骤S3中，等静压成型过程中控制压力为120-180MPa，保持压力5-10min后进行泄压。
优选地，所述步骤S2中，采用3D打印机根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明中先制备出石膏牙模，再通过三维扫描仪对石膏牙模进行三维扫描构建出义齿三维模型，再采用3D打印机根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具，采用上述方法制备出的义齿模具更加精确，提高了固定义齿的加工精度；
(2)通过采用预烧结处理，并对预烧结升温速度及温度进行调控，制得的预烧胚的硬度不是很高，符合加工要求，然后按照高温烧结过程中的收缩系数计算外形加工的形状尺寸，并对预烧胚表面进行切削打磨处理，使得经过预烧胚成为成品固定义齿等比例放大的外形尺寸，加工较为方便快速，减少了对切削打磨设备磨头的磨损，且避免发生预烧胚边缘处出现碎裂现象，将经过切削打磨处理后的预烧胚再经后续高温烧结处理，最终制备出固定义齿的硬度及形状尺寸均符合要求；
(3)采用陶瓷粉末作为原材料，并采用上述加工工艺制备出的固定义齿硬度较高，适应性好，美观性符合要求。
附图说明
下面结合附图与具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明中固定义齿的加工工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种固定义齿的加工工艺，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：
S1、制作石膏牙模：根据病人口中所得到的印膜制作与病人口腔内部牙型具有相同形状结构的石膏牙模；
S2、制作义齿模具：通过三维扫描仪对石膏牙模进行三维扫描，再根据设计要求对义齿表面进行加工和修改，构建出义齿三维模型，然后采用3D打印机根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具；
S3、制作生胚：将陶瓷粉末填装至义齿模具中，然后将义齿模具放置于等静压机中进行等静压成型，得到义齿生胚，其中，等静压成型过程中控制压力为160MPa，保持压力7min后进行泄压；
S4、预烧结：将义齿生胚放入至烧结炉中进行预烧结，预烧结操作为：在室温下以250℃/h的升温速度加热至900℃，得到预烧胚；
S5、外形加工：对预烧胚进行外形加工，外形加工过程中根据后续高温烧结过程中的收缩系数计算外形加工的形状尺寸，使得经过外形加工后的预烧胚为成品固定义齿等比例放大的外形尺寸；
S6、高温烧结：对经过外形加工后的预烧胚放入至烧结炉中进行高温烧结，高温烧结操作为：以200℃/h的升温速度加热至1400℃，保温1h后在常温环境自然降温，得到固定义齿；
S7、精细加工：将经高温烧结的固定义齿戴入石膏牙模中，根据固定义齿与相邻牙齿之间间隙对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理，以保证咬合密度，随后对固定义齿进行上釉和抛光处理；
S8、成品检验：对经过精细加工处理的固定义齿进行检验，以判断固定义齿是否合格；
S9、消毒包装：对合格的固定义齿进行消毒，并且进行包装，即得成品。
其中，步骤S3中，陶瓷粉末的粒径为500-2000nm，陶瓷粉末为氧化锆和氧化钇。陶瓷粉末中还加入有粘结剂，陶瓷粉末与粘结剂的质量比为16：1，粘结剂为硅溶胶。
实施例2
一种固定义齿的加工工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1、制作石膏牙模：根据病人口中所得到的印膜制作与病人口腔内部牙型具有相同形状结构的石膏牙模；
S2、制作义齿模具：通过三维扫描仪对石膏牙模进行三维扫描，再根据设计要求对义齿表面进行加工和修改，构建出义齿三维模型，然后采用3D打印机根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具；
S3、制作生胚：将陶瓷粉末填装至义齿模具中，然后将义齿模具放置于等静压机中进行等静压成型，得到义齿生胚，其中，等静压成型过程中控制压力为120MPa，保持压力10min后进行泄压；
S4、预烧结：将义齿生胚放入至烧结炉中进行预烧结，预烧结操作为：在室温下以300℃/h的升温速度加热至900℃，得到预烧胚；
S5、外形加工：对预烧胚进行外形加工，外形加工过程中根据后续高温烧结过程中的收缩系数计算外形加工的形状尺寸，使得经过外形加工后的预烧胚为成品固定义齿等比例放大的外形尺寸；
S6、高温烧结：对经过外形加工后的预烧胚放入至烧结炉中进行高温烧结，高温烧结操作为：以300℃/h的升温速度加热至1500℃，保温2h后在常温环境自然降温，得到固定义齿；
S7、精细加工：将经高温烧结的固定义齿戴入石膏牙模中，根据固定义齿与相邻牙齿之间间隙对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理，以保证咬合密度，随后对固定义齿进行上釉和抛光处理；
S8、成品检验：对经过精细加工处理的固定义齿进行检验，以判断固定义齿是否合格；
S9、消毒包装：对合格的固定义齿进行消毒，并且进行包装，即得成品。
其中，步骤S3中，陶瓷粉末为氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅的混合物，且陶瓷粉末的粒径为500-2000nm。陶瓷粉末中还加入有粘结剂，陶瓷粉末与粘结剂的质量比为10：1。其中，粘结剂为铝溶胶。
实施例3
一种固定义齿的加工工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1、制作石膏牙模：根据病人口中所得到的印膜制作与病人口腔内部牙型具有相同形状结构的石膏牙模；
S2、制作义齿模具：通过三维扫描仪对石膏牙模进行三维扫描，再根据设计要求对义齿表面进行加工和修改，构建出义齿三维模型，然后采用3D打印机根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具；
S3、制作生胚：将陶瓷粉末填装至义齿模具中，然后将义齿模具放置于等静压机中进行等静压成型，得到义齿生胚，其中，等静压成型过程中控制压力为180MPa，保持压力5min后进行泄压；
S4、预烧结：将义齿生胚放入至烧结炉中进行预烧结，预烧结操作为：在室温下以200℃/h的升温速度加热至800℃，得到预烧胚；
S5、外形加工：对预烧胚进行外形加工，外形加工过程中根据后续高温烧结过程中的收缩系数计算外形加工的形状尺寸，使得经过外形加工后的预烧胚为成品固定义齿等比例放大的外形尺寸；
S6、高温烧结：对经过外形加工后的预烧胚放入至烧结炉中进行高温烧结，高温烧结操作为：以250℃/h的升温速度加热至1500℃，保温2h后在常温环境自然降温，得到固定义齿；
S7、精细加工：将经高温烧结的固定义齿戴入石膏牙模中，根据固定义齿与相邻牙齿之间间隙对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理，以保证咬合密度，随后对固定义齿进行上釉和抛光处理；
S8、成品检验：对经过精细加工处理的固定义齿进行检验，以判断固定义齿是否合格；
S9、消毒包装：对合格的固定义齿进行消毒，并且进行包装，即得成品。
其中，步骤S3中，陶瓷粉末为氧化锆和氮化硅，且陶瓷粉末的粒径为500-2000nm。陶瓷粉末中还加入有粘结剂，陶瓷粉末与粘结剂的质量比为30：1。其中，粘结剂为硅溶胶和锆溶胶。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述，只是用于帮助理解本发明，并不用以限制本发明。对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员，依据本发明的思想，还可以做出若干简单推演、变形或替换。
Claims (7)
1.一种固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、制作石膏牙模：根据病人口中所得到的印膜制作与病人口腔内部牙型具有相同形状结构的石膏牙模；
S2、制作义齿模具：通过三维扫描仪对石膏牙模进行三维扫描构建出义齿三维模型，然后根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具；
S3、制作生胚：将陶瓷粉末填装至义齿模具中，然后将义齿模具放置于等静压机中进行等静压成型，得到义齿生胚；
S4、预烧结：将义齿生胚放入至烧结炉中进行预烧结，预烧结操作为：在室温下以200-300℃/h的升温速度加热至800-900℃，得到预烧胚；
S5、外形加工：对预烧胚进行外形加工，外形加工过程中根据后续高温烧结过程中的收缩系数计算外形加工的形状尺寸，使得经过外形加工后的预烧胚为成品固定义齿等比例放大的外形尺寸；
S6、高温烧结：对经过外形加工后的预烧胚放入至烧结炉中进行高温烧结，高温烧结操作为：以200-300℃/h的升温速度加热至1400-1500℃，保温1-2h后在常温环境自然降温，得到固定义齿；
S7、精细加工：将经高温烧结的固定义齿戴入石膏牙模中，根据固定义齿与相邻牙齿之间间隙对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理，以保证咬合密度；
S8、成品检验：对经过精细加工处理的固定义齿进行检验，以判断固定义齿是否合格；
S9、消毒包装：对合格的固定义齿进行消毒，并且进行包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，所述陶瓷粉末为氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硅、碳化硅、氧化钇中的一种或几种，且所述陶瓷粉末的粒径为500-2000nm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，所述陶瓷粉末中还加入有粘结剂，所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的质量比为(10-30)：1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，所述粘结剂为硅溶胶、铝溶胶、锆溶胶中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S7中，对固定义齿外表面进行打磨处理后，还需要进行上釉和抛光处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中，等静压成型过程中控制压力为120-180MPa，保持压力5-10min后进行泄压。
7.根据权利要求1所述的固定义齿的加工工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，采用3D打印机根据构建的义齿三维模型制备出义齿模具。
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