CN114048705B - Optimal design method of solenoid type electromagnetic valve - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides an optimal design method of a solenoid type electromagnetic valve, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic valve design. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preliminary design calculation is carried out on basic structural dimension parameters of the electromagnetic valve by utilizing an empirical formula, wherein the dimension parameters mainly comprise an armature diameter, an armature length, a coil inner diameter and a coil outer diameter. And secondly, carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the electromagnetic valve, wherein the finite element simulation analysis comprises the steps of constructing a finite element model of the electromagnetic valve and carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the model. Finally, the electromagnetic valve structure is optimally designed with the aim of obtaining the maximum electromagnetic force and the minimum response time under the limited current excitation, and experimental verification is carried out on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure. The application establishes a simplified model according to the main flow structure of the solenoid valve in China, and provides a more efficient and economical method for optimally designing the solenoid valve; the simulation method simplifies the complicated process of continuously manufacturing samples in the traditional design process and improves the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic valve design, and relates to an optimal design method of a solenoid type electromagnetic valve.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of automation and mechanization degree in the modern production process, the requirements of people on an electric and gas control system with high control precision and short response time are increasing. The electromagnetic valve is used as a core component and an important component in an electric, liquid and gas control system, has the advantages of simple structure, stable and reliable action, small volume, light weight, low price and the like, and is widely applied to a fluid transmission and control system. Therefore, the control characteristics, reliability, response speed and other performances of the electromagnetic valve determine the performances of the electric, liquid and gas control system.
For the design of electromagnetic valves, the main problems of the traditional design method are as follows: (1) The static result analysis can only be carried out through the structure size initially calculated by an empirical formula, the consistency with the actual measurement result of the electromagnetic valve in working is low, and a plurality of dynamic parameters of the electromagnetic valve in the working state cannot be considered. (2) The output parameters of the result are few, only the magnetic field intensity and a few static magnetic field parameters can be singly considered, and the result after the electric field and the magnetic field and the coupling of the electric field and the magnetic field which have great influence on the performance parameters of the final product can not be analyzed, so that a plurality of unpredictable problems occur in the working process of the product, and the service life is low.
The solenoid valve is simulated and optimally designed by adopting a numerical analysis method, key parameters in the structural design process of the solenoid valve can be checked conveniently and rapidly, and compared with the traditional design process, the solenoid valve has higher efficiency and more scientificity in the design process. Patent CN 111353248A is directed to the simulation optimization design of large-scale complex electromagnetic equipment and provides an electromagnetic simulation optimization method and system, but the method is inconvenient for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of small electromagnetic elements such as electromagnetic valves. Patent CN 110263463A proposes an electromagnetic induction characteristic analysis method based on Ansys Maxwell software, which uses a software vortex field solver to analyze electromagnetic characteristics such as magnetic induction intensity of a tightly wound solenoid cylinder, but the method is not convenient for quantitatively analyzing dynamic characteristic parameters of an electromagnetic element. Patent CN 109308376A proposes a finite element analysis method of a switched reluctance motor, which adopts a finite element analysis method to optimally design the switched reluctance motor, so that the energy utilization rate of the motor is improved, but the method is limited by the structural difference between the motor and an electromagnetic valve, and is not suitable for the structural design of a solenoid type electromagnetic valve. Aiming at the problems, the patent aims to quantitatively analyze the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve by using numerical simulation and provides an optimal design method suitable for the solenoid valve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optimal design method of a solenoid type electromagnetic valve, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
An optimal design method of a tubular electromagnetic valve comprises the following steps:
the first step: and carrying out preliminary design calculation on the basic structural size parameters of the electromagnetic valve by using an empirical formula. The dimensional parameters mainly comprise armature diameter, armature length, coil inner diameter and coil outer diameter.
The armature diameter is calculated from the electromagnetic attraction force equation deduced by Maxwell's equation set, and the deduced electromagnetic attraction force equation is as follows:
Wherein: f is the initial electromagnetic force magnitude (N), B σ is the air gap magnetic flux density (T), d x is the armature diameter magnitude (mm), l is the oil guide groove depth (mm), h is the oil guide groove width (mm), and sigma is the armature effective stroke (mm).
The armature length is calculated according to equation l x＝σ+l1+b1+b2, where: l x is the length (mm) of the armature, l 1 is the length of the armature extending into the coil at the initial position, sigma is the effective stroke (mm) of the armature, b 1 is the thickness (mm) of the coil bobbin in the y direction, and b 2 is the thickness (mm) of the magnetic sleeve in the y direction.
Calculating the coil inner diameter according to formula d n＝dx+2(b3+b4), wherein: d n is the coil inner diameter (mm), b 3 is the gap (mm) between the armature and the bobbin, and b 4 is the thickness (mm) of the bobbin in the x-direction.
According toCalculating the outer diameter of the coil, wherein: d w is the outer diameter of the coil.
And secondly, performing finite element simulation analysis on the electromagnetic valve, wherein the finite element simulation analysis comprises the steps of constructing a finite element model of the electromagnetic valve and performing finite element simulation analysis on the model.
2.1 Building a finite element model of the solenoid valve
(1) And constructing a two-dimensional finite element model of the electromagnetic valve according to the structural size parameters of the electromagnetic valve obtained by initial calculation, and additionally drawing two auxiliary straight lines at the air gap boundary of the electromagnetic valve in the steady state when constructing the model, wherein the two auxiliary straight lines are used for calculating the steady state magnetic flux leakage rate at the air gap of the electromagnetic valve. In the two-dimensional finite element model, the iron core component is simulated by adopting soft magnetic materials.
(2) And determining a simulation area according to the size and the complexity of the finite element model, and dividing a finite element grid, wherein the thickness and the number of the grid are determined according to the geometric size of each part and the precision requirement required by simulation.
(3) The moving resistance is applied to the solenoid valve plunger, wherein the moving resistance of the plunger is mainly from the return spring. According to the pre-tightening amount of the used return spring and the elasticity coefficient of the spring material, a piecewise linear function of the spring force of the return spring is established, wherein the X coordinate of the piecewise linear function represents the value of the spring compression amount minus the pre-tightening amount of the spring, and the Y coordinate represents the corresponding spring force of the spring during the compression amount. The spring force function is called with a-pwlx (ds 1) function and is applied as a motion resistance to the plunger.
2.2 Finite element simulation analysis of model
And (3) exciting the coil of the electromagnetic valve and the short-circuit copper ring, adopting a bridge rectifier circuit as an excitation source of the coil of the electromagnetic valve, treating the short-circuit copper ring as a single-turn coil with zero excitation, then adopting a finite element analysis method to carry out simulation analysis on the two-dimensional model, and obtaining the response time of the electromagnetic valve, the stress condition of the armature of the electromagnetic valve and the steady-state magnetic field intensity distribution condition of the electromagnetic valve through the simulation analysis. The steady state leakage rate at the solenoid valve air gap is obtained by integrating the magnetic flux on the auxiliary line plotted in step 2.1.
Thirdly, optimizing the design of the electromagnetic valve structure by taking maximum electromagnetic force and minimum response time obtained under limited current excitation as targets
Sequentially setting the diameter of the armature, the length of the armature, the inner diameter of the coil and the outer diameter of the coil as parameter variables, changing the corresponding size of the finite element model by adopting a parameterized scanning method, carrying out multiple finite element simulation solutions, and finding the optimal solution of the parameters by taking the maximum electromagnetic force and the minimum response time as targets.
And fourthly, experimental verification is carried out on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure.
And (3) manufacturing a sample according to the optimized electromagnetic method structure size obtained in the third step, testing the electromagnetic performance of the sample, and carrying out experimental verification on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention applies electromagnetic field simulation technology to the design process of solenoid valve, and provides a method for predicting various properties of products and optimizing design parameters of the products by finite element simulation analysis. The simulation method simplifies the complicated process of continuously manufacturing samples in the traditional design process, and brings convenience to designers.
(2) The invention provides a method for calculating the steady-state magnetic flux leakage rate at the air gap by utilizing finite element simulation analysis, which brings convenience to the evaluation of the product performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing design of a solenoid valve according to the present application.
FIG. 2 is a simplified solenoid valve model schematic diagram in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a meshing result in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a response time profile of a solenoid valve in an example of the application.
Fig. 5 shows electromagnetic force of electromagnetic valve in the example of the application.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the steady-state magnetic field strength profile of a solenoid valve in an example of the application.
Fig. 7 shows the response time of the solenoid valve for different armature lengths in accordance with an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 8 shows the variation of the electromagnetic force applied to the armature at different armature lengths in an example of the application.
In the figure: 1 static iron core, 2 short circuit copper ring, 3 armature, 4 magnetic conduction cover, 5 coil, 6 coil skeleton.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for optimally designing the solenoid valve comprises the following steps:
the first step: and carrying out preliminary design calculation on the basic structural size parameters of the electromagnetic valve by using an empirical formula. The dimensional parameters mainly comprise armature diameter, armature length, coil inner diameter and coil outer diameter.
In the example, the initial dimensions result in an armature diameter of 8.3mm, an armature length of 16.3mm, a coil inner diameter of 13mm, and a coil outer diameter of 21mm.
And secondly, performing finite element simulation analysis on the electromagnetic valve. The method comprises the steps of constructing a finite element model of the electromagnetic valve and carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the model.
2.1 Building a finite element model of the solenoid valve
(1) And constructing a two-dimensional finite element model of the electromagnetic valve according to the structural size parameters of the electromagnetic valve obtained through preliminary calculation, wherein the constructed model is shown in a figure 2, and 1 is a static iron core, 2 is a short-circuit copper ring, 3 is an armature, 4 is a magnetic conduction sleeve, 5 is a coil and 6 is a coil framework. The short circuit copper ring 2 is installed in the corresponding recess of quiet iron core 1, and quiet iron core 1 and armature 3 are installed in skeleton 6 inboard, and coil 5 winding is in the skeleton 6 outside, and coil 5 and coil skeleton 6 are located magnetic conduction cover 4. In the embodiment, the size of the air gap in the steady state of the electromagnetic valve is 0.2mm, so that a first auxiliary straight line is drawn at one end of the static iron core, which is close to the armature, and a second auxiliary straight line is drawn at a position 0.2mm away from the first auxiliary straight line.
(2) And determining a simulation area according to the size and the complexity of the finite element model, and dividing a finite element grid, wherein the thickness and the number of the grid are determined according to the geometric size of each part and the precision requirement required by simulation. In the embodiment, the length of the armature cell is 0.5mm, the lengths of the static iron core and the short circuit copper ring cell are 2mm, the length of the magnetic conduction sleeve cell is 2mm, the length of the coil skeleton cell is 3mm, and the length of the simulation domain cell is 5mm. The meshing result is shown in fig. 3.
(3) The moving resistance is applied to the solenoid valve plunger, wherein the moving resistance of the plunger is mainly from the return spring. According to the pre-tightening amount of the used return spring and the elasticity coefficient of the spring material, a piecewise linear function of the spring force of the return spring is established, wherein the X coordinate of the piecewise linear function represents the value of the spring compression amount minus the pre-tightening amount of the spring, and the Y coordinate represents the corresponding spring force of the spring during the compression amount. The spring force function is called with a-pwlx (ds 1) function and is applied as a motion resistance to the plunger.
2.2 Finite element simulation analysis of model
And (3) exciting the coil of the electromagnetic valve and the short-circuit copper ring, using a bridge rectifier circuit as an excitation source of the coil of the electromagnetic valve, treating the short-circuit copper ring as a single-turn coil with zero excitation, performing simulation analysis on the two-dimensional model by adopting a finite element analysis method, and obtaining response time (shown in figure 4) of the electromagnetic valve, stress condition (shown in figure 5) of an armature of the electromagnetic valve and steady-state magnetic field intensity distribution condition (shown in figure 6) of the electromagnetic valve through the simulation analysis. The steady state leakage rate at the solenoid valve air gap is obtained by integrating the magnetic flux on the auxiliary line plotted in step 2.1.
Thirdly, optimizing the design of the electromagnetic valve structure by taking maximum electromagnetic force and minimum response time obtained under limited current excitation as targets
Sequentially setting the diameter of the armature, the length of the armature, the inner diameter of the coil and the outer diameter of the coil as parameter variables, changing the corresponding size of the finite element model by adopting a parameterized scanning method, carrying out multiple finite element simulation solutions, and finding the optimal solution of the parameters by taking the maximum electromagnetic force and the minimum response time as targets.
In the embodiment, taking the length of the armature as an example, the length of the armature is changed within the range of 15.3-17.3, and simulation calculation is performed for a plurality of times to obtain the change condition of response time of the electromagnetic valve under different lengths of the armature, as shown in fig. 7. And the variation of the electromagnetic force applied to the armature, as shown in fig. 8. As a result of analysis, the electromagnetic force at the corresponding position increases as the length of the armature increases, but the time required for the armature to suck increases. Based on the principle of increasing electromagnetic force as much as possible in a corresponding time which is fast enough, the length of the armature is selected to be 16.3mm through comprehensive consideration.
And fourthly, experimental verification is carried out on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure.
And (3) manufacturing a sample according to the optimized electromagnetic method structure size obtained in the third step, testing the electromagnetic performance of the sample, and carrying out experimental verification on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure.
While the applicant has described and illustrated the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, but any improvements or modifications based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The optimal design method of the solenoid type electromagnetic valve is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
The first step: preliminary design calculation is carried out on basic structural dimension parameters of the electromagnetic valve by utilizing an empirical formula; the dimensional parameters mainly comprise armature diameter, armature length, coil inner diameter and coil outer diameter;
secondly, performing finite element simulation analysis on the electromagnetic valve, wherein the finite element simulation analysis comprises the steps of constructing a finite element model of the electromagnetic valve and performing finite element simulation analysis on the model;
2.1 building a finite element model of the solenoid valve
(1) Constructing a two-dimensional finite element model of the electromagnetic valve according to the structural size parameter of the electromagnetic valve obtained by initial calculation, and additionally drawing two auxiliary straight lines at the air gap boundary of the electromagnetic valve in the steady state when constructing the model, wherein the two auxiliary straight lines are used for calculating the steady state magnetic flux leakage rate at the air gap of the electromagnetic valve; in the two-dimensional finite element model, the iron core component is simulated by adopting soft magnetic materials;
(2) Determining a simulation area according to the size and the complexity of the finite element model, and dividing finite element grids, wherein the thickness and the number of the grids are determined according to the geometric size of each component and the precision requirement required by simulation;
(3) Applying motion resistance to a movable iron core of the electromagnetic valve, wherein the motion resistance of the movable iron core mainly comes from a return spring; according to the pre-tightening amount of the used return spring and the elastic coefficient of the spring material, establishing a piecewise linear function of the spring force of the return spring, wherein the X coordinate of the piecewise linear function represents the value of the spring compression amount minus the pre-tightening amount of the spring, and the Y coordinate represents the corresponding spring force of the spring in the compression amount; calling a spring force function and applying the spring force function as motion resistance to the movable iron core;
2.2 finite element simulation analysis of model
Applying excitation to a coil of the electromagnetic valve and a short-circuit copper ring, adopting a bridge rectifier circuit as an excitation source of the coil of the electromagnetic valve, treating the short-circuit copper ring as a single-turn coil with zero excitation, then adopting a finite element analysis method to carry out simulation analysis on the two-dimensional model, and obtaining response time of the electromagnetic valve, stress condition of an armature of the electromagnetic valve and steady-state magnetic field intensity distribution condition of the electromagnetic valve through the simulation analysis; obtaining steady-state leakage flux rate at the air gap of the electromagnetic valve by integrating the magnetic flux on the auxiliary straight line drawn in the step 2.1;
Thirdly, optimizing the design of the electromagnetic valve structure by taking maximum electromagnetic force and minimum response time obtained under limited current excitation as targets;
Sequentially setting the diameter of an armature, the length of the armature, the inner diameter of a coil and the outer diameter of the coil as parameter variables, changing the corresponding size of a finite element model by adopting a parameterized scanning method, carrying out multiple finite element simulation solutions, and finding the optimal solution of the parameters by taking the maximum electromagnetic force and the minimum response time as targets;
Fourthly, performing experimental verification on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure;
And (3) manufacturing a sample according to the optimized electromagnetic method structure size obtained in the third step, testing the electromagnetic performance of the sample, and carrying out experimental verification on the optimized electromagnetic valve structure.
2. The method for optimizing design of solenoid valve according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the dimension parameter in the first step is as follows:
the armature diameter is calculated from the electromagnetic attraction force equation deduced by Maxwell's equation set, and the deduced electromagnetic attraction force equation is as follows:
Wherein: f is the initial electromagnetic force, B σ is the air gap magnetic flux density, d x is the armature diameter, l is the oil guiding groove depth, h is the oil guiding groove width, and sigma is the armature effective stroke;
The armature length is calculated according to equation l x＝σ+l1+b1+b2, where: l x is the length of the armature, l 1 is the length of the armature extending into the coil at the initial position, sigma is the effective stroke of the armature, b 1 is the thickness of the coil skeleton in the y direction, and b 2 is the thickness of the magnetic conductive sleeve in the y direction;
Calculating the coil inner diameter according to formula d n＝dx+2(b3+b4), wherein: d n is the coil inner diameter, b 3 is the gap between the armature and the coil bobbin, and b 4 is the thickness of the coil bobbin in the x direction;
According to Calculating the outer diameter of the coil, wherein: d w is the outer diameter of the coil.
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