CN114047161B - Self-diagnosis method for laser emission wavelength - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-diagnosis method of laser emission wavelength, which comprises the following steps: collecting a certain number of real-time second harmonic signals; extracting the position and the amplitude of the left valley value and the right valley value in each second harmonic signal in the continuous signals; then, all valley value information is arranged in the same coordinate system; then, fitting all valley points by using a linear least square fitting method to obtain a slope value K of a fitting straight line, and calculating a double-valley inclination angle theta, wherein theta is always an acute angle and can be a negative value; comparing the absolute value of the theta value with an execution threshold THD, and judging whether the deviation between the emission wavelength of the laser and the optimal wavelength reaches the limit of needing to be intervened; and finally, if the theta value is larger than the execution threshold THD, calculating a voltage offset value to be adjusted by using the proposed emission wavelength compensation formula, so as to update the output parameters of the laser. Compared with the related art, the invention provides a brand new self-diagnosis method for the emission wavelength of the laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automatic control, and particularly relates to a self-diagnosis method of laser emission wavelength.
Background
A tunable laser refers to a laser that can continuously change the lasing wavelength over a range. The laser has wide application, and can be used for spectroscopy, medicine, biology, atmosphere monitoring, information processing, communication and the like. Compared with other traditional solid-state lasers, the tunable laser has a wide-band tuning range from near ultraviolet to near infrared, and has the advantages of small size, narrow line width and high optical efficiency, and has important application prospect. The tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectrum technology is to measure the absorption lines of molecules which are very close or very difficult to distinguish by utilizing the characteristic that the narrow linewidth and the wavelength of the tunable semiconductor laser change along with the injection current. The technology generally utilizes a single narrow-band laser frequency to scan an independent gas absorption line, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, non-invasive detection and the like, so that the technology is widely applied to the field of gas detection and can be used for detecting flow field parameters such as temperature, concentration, pressure, flow rate and the like.
However, to achieve accurate detection of the gas properties of a tunable laser, the laser controller is particularly important for stable output of the laser, especially the effect of the injected current on the emission wavelength of the laser is significant. The existing tunable laser controller adopts an open loop control method, and the target output of the controller is realized by completely relying on manual and periodical parameter adjustment, which brings great inconvenience to the actual production process.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new self-diagnosis method for the emission wavelength of the laser, by judging the dip angle of the second harmonic valley, identifying the deviation between the current set wavelength and the optimal wavelength of the laser, and combining the proposed compensation formula, the closed-loop control effect of the output process of the laser is achieved, and a powerful support is provided for the stable operation implementation of the gas concentration detection system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a brand-new self-diagnosis method for the emission wavelength of the laser, and the deviation between the current set wavelength and the optimal wavelength of the laser is identified by judging the dip angle of the second harmonic, and then the closed-loop control effect of the output process of the laser is achieved by combining the proposed compensation formula, so that a powerful support is provided for the stable working implementation of a gas concentration detection system.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for self-diagnosis of the emission wavelength of a laser, comprising the steps of:
s1: under a stable environment, using a gas concentration on-line detection system based on a tunable laser absorption spectrum technology to measure continuously packaged glass medicine bottles on a production line for a long time; for each glass medicine bottle to be detected, a certain number of original second harmonic signals are obtained;
s2: analyzing the second harmonic data collected under the same glass medicine bottle, firstly dividing continuous second harmonic signals into complete single second harmonic data, and then extracting the amplitude values of the left valley value and the right valley value in each second harmonic signal and the corresponding positions of the amplitude values;
s3: all the extracted left and right valley information is arranged in the same coordinate system, wherein the positions of the valleys are horizontal coordinates, and the magnitudes of the valleys are vertical coordinates;
s4: fitting all the valley points by using a linear least square fitting method to obtain a slope value K of a fitting straight line, and calculating a straight line inclination angle theta;
s5: taking the absolute value of the theta value, comparing the absolute value with an execution threshold THD, and judging whether the deviation between the emission wavelength of the laser and the optimal wavelength reaches the limit of needing to be intervened; if the theta value is larger than the execution threshold THD, calculating a wavelength offset value to be adjusted by using a compensation formula, and updating the laser emission parameter value to complete the wavelength diagnosis process.
Preferably, in step S1, the stable environment includes a temperature of 23 degrees celsius, a pressure of one atmosphere, and a gas absorption optical path of 10cm.
Preferably, in step S1, 10 sets of second harmonic raw data are continuously collected for each glass vial to be tested, each set contains not less than 280 raw data points, and the data are sequentially stored in a database.
Preferably, in step S2, the number of points of each second harmonic data after division needs to be guaranteed to be consistent.
Preferably, in step S4, θ is always an acute angle, and may be a negative value; the specific calculation formula of the left valley value and the right valley value of the least square fitting is as follows:
L i (x)∝x
in (x) i ，y i ) (i=1, 2,., m) is the observed data, the abscissa and ordinate of the obtained left and right valleys, respectively; l (L) i (x) (i=1, 2,) m is a residual function when ω i (i=1, 2,., m) such that the residual functionAnd if the estimated value is the smallest, the optimal estimated value of the parameter omega is found, and the best fitting function is obtained.
Preferably, the calculation expression for the threshold THD is performed in step S5 as follows:
THD＝ωg(θ max -θ min )，ω∈(0，1)
wherein ω is determined by the required control accuracy according to the emission wavelength of the laser controller, the closer ω is to 0, the higher the control accuracy is, and the closer ω is to 1, the lower the control accuracy is; in θ max And theta min The effective value of (a) means that the obtained demodulation signal still has theoretical second harmonic characteristics, otherwise, the value of theta is invalid.
Preferably, in step S5, the voltage compensation formula for calculating the wavelength offset of the laser controller is derived from the internal relationship between the inclination angle of the second harmonic left-right trough line and the output center wavelength of the laser, and is executed by setting the voltage offset value, and the specific formula is as follows:
Δv＝g(θ)＝p 1 θ 3 +p 2 θ 2 +p 3 θ+p 4
Δv∝λ
wherein the voltage bias Deltav is a unitary cubic function of θ, and P k The parameter values of (k=1, 2,3, 4) are required to be obtained by calibration according to different working conditions, and the debugging result is optimal as a calibration target; wherein, the voltage bias Deltav is in linear relation with the wavelength range of the laser emission, and the adjustment of the emission wavelength can be completed by changing the voltage value.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the self-diagnosis method of the laser emission wavelength provided by the invention is oriented to the practical problems existing in the gas detection process of the tunable laser absorption spectrum technology, and the internal relation between the dip angle of the second harmonic left-right trough connecting line and the laser output center wavelength is explored, so that the laser emission wavelength compensation method based on the double-trough dip angle characteristic is prolonged; the method has the advantages that the value information of the second harmonic signal is mined, the output state of the laser is diagnosed from a brand-new dimension, and the closed-loop feedback regulation and control of the emission wavelength is completed;
secondly, the invention provides a concept of a second harmonic dual-valley inclination angle, and proves that the dual-valley inclination angle has close relation with the output center wavelength of the laser. The dual valley inclination angle characteristic is used as a brand new characteristic in the second harmonic signal, and the real-time depiction of the state of the upstream output end by the downstream signal is realized, so that an important basis and reference are provided for the follow-up construction of a closed-loop feedback control algorithm for the output signal of the laser controller.
The invention further provides a laser emission wavelength compensation method based on the dual valley inclination angle characteristic. The method has excellent self-diagnosis capability, acquires the double-valley inclination angle information of the real second harmonic by collecting the second harmonic signal demodulated by the current detection system in real time, transmits a wavelength compensation model by a laser, and finally feeds back the information to a laser controller to complete real-time regulation and control of the transmitting wavelength. The whole feedback process is convenient to operate, simple to calculate and capable of meeting the real-time requirement of an online detection process.
Finally, the invention designs a threshold value for judging whether the laser emission wavelength needs to be subjected to interference calibration or not, and also provides a setting method of the threshold value. According to the method, the dip angle existing in the actual working condition is used as a basis, the working precision required by the detection system is used as a reference, the intervention time of the laser emission wavelength compensation logic is flexibly set, and the robustness and the practicability of the method are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart diagram of a method for self-diagnosis of laser emission wavelength provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a second harmonic waveform demodulated by the center wavelength set by the laser controller in the self-diagnosis method of laser emission wavelength according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second harmonic waveform demodulated by the center wavelength excessively shifted to the right of the laser controller in the self-diagnosis method of laser emission wavelength according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the resolution of the dip angle of the second harmonic signal in the self-diagnosis method of the emission wavelength of the laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a dual valley height difference and a straight line fit formed by a center wavelength set by a laser controller excessively deviating to the left in the self-diagnosis method of laser emission wavelength provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a dual valley height difference and a straight line fit formed by an excessive right shift of a center wavelength set by a laser controller in a self-diagnosis method of a laser emission wavelength according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a laser wavelength compensation curve based on a correlation between a dip angle of a dual valley and a voltage offset value in a method for self-diagnosing a laser emission wavelength according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a second harmonic waveform demodulated when the center wavelength set by the laser controller is in a reasonable interval in the self-diagnosis method of the laser emission wavelength provided by the invention;
fig. 9 is a straight line fitted with two valleys, which is obtained by setting the central wavelength of the laser controller to be in a reasonable interval, in the self-diagnosis method of the emission wavelength of the laser provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following experimental examples and examples serve to further illustrate but not limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides a self-diagnosis method for the emission wavelength of a laser, and the core of the implementation of the method is to build a new closed-loop control algorithm for the emission wavelength of the laser. The method is characterized in that the deviation between the current set wavelength and the optimal wavelength of the laser is identified by judging the dip angle of the second harmonic left and right dip values, and then the wavelength self-diagnosis effect is achieved by combining the proposed wavelength compensation formula, so that a powerful support is provided for the stable operation implementation of the gas concentration detection system.
Specifically, the self-diagnosis method of the emission wavelength of the laser comprises the following steps:
step S1: under the field environment, after the on-line gas concentration detection system operates stably, taking oxygen as a gas object to be detected, continuously measuring the packaged glass medicine bottles on the production line, continuously collecting 10 groups of second harmonic raw data for each glass medicine bottle to be detected, wherein each group comprises 280 raw data points, namely 280 sampling points, and sequentially storing the data in a database.
In this embodiment, the gas concentration online detection system stably works under the conditions that the gas pressure is 1 atm, the temperature is 296K, the absorption optical path is 10cm, nitrogen is used as balance gas, oxygen with the concentration of 2% is used as target gas, 760.88nm is selected as target central absorption wavelength, a packaged glass bottle is used as an approximate concentration experimental object, a tunable laser is utilized to irradiate the gas in the glass bottle, and meanwhile, second harmonic sample data demodulated by the oxygen absorption spectrum is collected from a phase-locked demodulator.
S2: for the 10 groups of second harmonic data acquired from the same packaging glass medicine bottle, firstly, the continuous second harmonic signals are divided into independent single second harmonic signals with complete data points, and the number of each divided second harmonic data point needs to be ensured to be consistent, and the number of each divided second harmonic data point is 280 data points. FIGS. 2 and 3 show the complete sequence of the second harmonic acquired for a test object in an actual production environment, and also show the reference parting line between adjacent second harmonic signals; the extraction method of the left and right valley values is the same for a single arbitrary second harmonic waveform, and the specific steps are as follows: the first step, the position of the maximum value point in the second harmonic data is obtained; starting from a first adjacent data point at the left side of the maximum value, finding a first minimum value point of the second harmonic left side data, namely a left valley value; and thirdly, starting with the first adjacent data point on the right side of the maximum value, finding the first minimum value point of the second harmonic right side data, namely the right valley value. It is noted that when the second harmonic left and right troughs are recorded, their positions are relative to the single second harmonic signal itself, rather than in the entire continuous signal.
S3: then, all the extracted left and right valley information is sorted into the same coordinate system, the position of the valley is taken as the abscissa, and the amplitude of the valley is taken as the ordinate. In order to more clearly illustrate the concept of dip angle, fig. 4 shows the dip angle formed and the left-right dip level difference of the resulting second harmonic signal in a theoretical case when the center wavelength set by the laser controller is excessively left-shifted. For the actually detected signals, as shown in fig. 5, it summarizes the left and right valley information extracted from the continuous 10 second harmonic waveforms in fig. 2, the dual valley height difference being caused by the excessive left shift of the center wavelength set by the laser controller; similarly, fig. 6 also summarizes the left and right trough information extracted from the 10 consecutive second harmonic waveforms of fig. 3, the opposite double trough height difference being caused by the center wavelength set by the laser controller being excessively shifted to the right.
S4: then, the left valley point and the right valley point in the two cases are fitted by using a linear least square fitting method, a slope value K and a bias value B of a fitting straight line are obtained, and a straight line inclination angle theta is calculated. The specific results after fitting are as follows:
y＝K i x+B i
according to the principle of least square fitting, the parameters K and B can enable the residual function to be minimum, and the best fitting function is obtained.
S5: next, the θ value is compared with the execution threshold THD to determine whether the deviation between the laser emission wavelength and the optimal wavelength has reached the limit at which intervention is required. In the embodiment, according to the actual test condition of the production line, the obtained theta is ensured to still have the theoretical second harmonic characteristic max About 40 DEG, theta min About 0 deg., while setting mu to 0.2, the laser is deemed to have a high output accuracy requirement. Therefore, according to the execution threshold calculation formula, the execution threshold THD set in the embodiment is 20 °, that is, when the absolute value of the inclination angle is greater than 20 °, the deviation between the emission wavelength of the laser and the optimal wavelength reaches the level of intervention. According to the push in step 4The calculated actual tilt results, both sets of second harmonics in fig. 2 and fig. 3, show that the center wavelength output by the laser at the corresponding working time is severely shifted, and external intervention is needed to correct the scan band.
As shown in fig. 7, this is a laser emission wavelength compensation curve used under the working condition of the present embodiment, and the output of the laser controller can be corrected within 40 ° of the right-left inclination angle, and the voltage compensation formula for specifically calculating the wavelength offset of the laser controller is as follows:
Δv＝g(θ)＝p 1 θ 3 +p 2 θ 2 +p 3 θ+p 4
Δv＝2*λ
wherein the voltage bias Deltav is a unitary cubic function of θ, and P k The parameter values of (k=1, 2,3, 4) are required to be obtained by calibration according to different working conditions, and the debugging result is optimal as a calibration target; where the voltage bias Deltav is linearly related to the laser emission wavelength range, the adjustment of the emission wavelength can be accomplished by changing the voltage value, in this embodiment 1mv can adjust the laser emission wavelength to about 0.5 nm. Finally, after the compensation of the parameters of the laser controller is completed, taking the example that the central wavelength set by the laser controller is excessively left in fig. 2, the second harmonic result collected again after the correction is presented in fig. 8. At the same time, the dip fitting angles of the left and right valleys are also shown in fig. 9, and the dip angle can be found to be significantly reduced, and the wavelength output of the laser returns to a reasonable wave band. Finally, in order to quantify the actual effect of the method in the example, the test results are summarized in table 1 with the collected left and right valley variance and valley inclination as metrics. Therefore, the laser wavelength self-diagnosis method provided by the invention can effectively improve the laserStability of the output band.
TABLE 1 comparison of stability of the second harmonic before and after correction of the emission wavelength of the laser
| Reference standard | Before wavelength correction (excessive left shift) | After wavelength correction (reasonable) |
| Dip angle of left and right valley | 39.577° | 1.346° |
| Left-right valley variance | 359.602 | 5.065 |
Compared with the prior art, the self-diagnosis method of the laser emission wavelength provided by the invention is oriented to the practical problem existing in the gas detection process of the tunable laser absorption spectrum technology, and the internal relation between the dip angle of the second harmonic left-right valley connecting line and the output center wavelength of the laser is explored, so that the laser emission wavelength compensation method based on the characteristic of double-valley dip angle is prolonged; the method has the advantages that the value information of the second harmonic signal is mined, the output state of the laser is diagnosed from a brand-new dimension, and the closed-loop feedback regulation and control of the emission wavelength is completed;
secondly, the invention provides a concept of a second harmonic dual-valley inclination angle, and proves that the dual-valley inclination angle has close relation with the output center wavelength of the laser. The dual valley inclination angle characteristic is used as a brand new characteristic in the second harmonic signal, and the real-time depiction of the state of the upstream output end by the downstream signal is realized, so that an important basis and reference are provided for the follow-up construction of a closed-loop feedback control algorithm for the output signal of the laser controller.
The invention further provides a laser emission wavelength compensation method based on the dual valley inclination angle characteristic. The method has excellent self-diagnosis capability, acquires the double-valley inclination angle information of the real second harmonic by collecting the second harmonic signal demodulated by the current detection system in real time, transmits a wavelength compensation model by a laser, and finally feeds back the information to a laser controller to complete real-time regulation and control of the transmitting wavelength. The whole feedback process is convenient to operate, simple to calculate and capable of meeting the real-time requirement of an online detection process.
Finally, the invention designs a threshold value for judging whether the laser emission wavelength needs to be subjected to interference calibration or not, and also provides a setting method of the threshold value. According to the method, the dip angle existing in the actual working condition is used as a basis, the working precision required by the detection system is used as a reference, the intervention time of the laser emission wavelength compensation logic is flexibly set, and the robustness and the practicability of the method are greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that numerous improvements and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for self-diagnosis of the emission wavelength of a laser, comprising the steps of:
s1: under a stable environment, using a gas concentration on-line detection system based on a tunable laser absorption spectrum technology to measure continuously packaged glass medicine bottles on a production line for a long time; for each glass medicine bottle to be detected, a certain number of original second harmonic signals are obtained;
s2: analyzing the second harmonic data collected under the same glass medicine bottle, firstly dividing continuous second harmonic signals into complete single second harmonic data, and then extracting the amplitude values of the left valley value and the right valley value in each second harmonic signal and the corresponding positions of the amplitude values;
s3: all the extracted left and right valley information is arranged in the same coordinate system, wherein the positions of the valleys are horizontal coordinates, and the magnitudes of the valleys are vertical coordinates;
s4: fitting all the valley points by using a linear least square fitting method to obtain a slope value K of a fitting straight line, and calculating a straight line inclination angle theta;
s5: taking the absolute value of the theta value, comparing the absolute value with an execution threshold THD, and judging whether the deviation between the emission wavelength of the laser and the optimal wavelength reaches the limit of needing to be intervened; if the theta value is larger than the execution threshold THD, calculating a wavelength offset value to be adjusted by using a compensation formula, updating a laser emission parameter value, and completing a wavelength diagnosis process;
the calculation expression for the execution threshold THD in step S5 is as follows:
THD＝ωg(θ max -θ min )，ω∈(0，1)
wherein ω is determined by the required control accuracy according to the emission wavelength of the laser controller, the closer ω is to 0, the higher the control accuracy is, and the closer ω is to 1, the lower the control accuracy is; in θ max And theta min The effective value of (a) means that the obtained demodulation signal still has theoretical second harmonic characteristics, otherwise, the value of theta is invalid;
the voltage compensation formula for calculating the wavelength offset of the laser controller in step S5 is derived according to the internal relationship between the inclination angle of the second harmonic left-right valley connecting line and the output center wavelength of the laser, and is executed by setting the voltage offset value, and the specific formula is as follows:
Δν＝g(θ)＝p 1 θ 3 +p 2 θ 2 +p 3 θ+p 4
Δν∝λ
where the voltage bias Deltav is a unitary cubic function of θ, where p k K=1, 2,3,4, and P k Is of the ginsengThe numerical value is required to be obtained by calibration according to different working conditions, and the debugging result is optimal as a calibration target; wherein, the voltage bias Deltav is in linear relation with the emission wavelength of the laser, and the adjustment of the emission wavelength can be completed by changing the voltage value.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the stable environment includes a temperature of 23 degrees celsius, a pressure of one atmosphere, and a gas absorption optical path of 10cm.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S1, 10 sets of second harmonic raw data are collected continuously for each glass vial to be tested, each set containing not less than 280 raw data points, and the data are stored in the database sequentially.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the number of divided second harmonic data points is guaranteed to be uniform.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein θ is always an acute angle and may be a negative value in step S4; the specific calculation formula of the left valley value and the right valley value of the least square fitting is as follows:
L i (x)∝x
in (x) i ，y i ) I=1, 2,..m is the observed data, and is the abscissa and ordinate of the obtained left and right valleys, respectively; l (L) i (x) As a residual function, L i I=1, 2, m, ω i I=1, 2,..m, m, when ω i When the residual function is minimized, the optimal estimated value of the parameter omega is found, and the optimal value is obtainedFitting the function.
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