CN114043787A - Low-radiation composite glass and skylight - Google Patents
Low-radiation composite glass and skylight Download PDFInfo
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- CN114043787A CN114043787A CN202111319694.1A CN202111319694A CN114043787A CN 114043787 A CN114043787 A CN 114043787A CN 202111319694 A CN202111319694 A CN 202111319694A CN 114043787 A CN114043787 A CN 114043787A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/416—Reflective
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-radiation composite glass and a skylight, comprising: the glass comprises an outer piece of glass, an inner piece of glass and a thermoplastic interlayer, wherein a first low-radiation layer is arranged between the outer piece of glass and the thermoplastic interlayer, and a second low-radiation layer is arranged on the fourth surface of the inner piece of glass; the visible light transmittance of the outer glass sheet is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass sheet is less than or equal to 40%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer is greater than or equal to 80%, and the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is less than or equal to 20%. Compared with the prior art, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass sheet is reduced, and the effect of the outer glass sheet and the low-radiation layer on reducing visible light is combined, so that the visible light transmittance of the whole low-radiation composite glass is kept within the acceptable range of passengers in the vehicle, and meanwhile, the glass with low visible light transmittance is used for replacing the existing product for reducing the visible light transmittance by using the colored thermoplastic interlayer, and the production cost is effectively reduced.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of composite glass, in particular to low-emissivity composite glass and a skylight.
Background art:
in order to meet privacy and shading requirements of users, the existing skylight or sidelight is often additionally designed with a sunshade curtain structure to reduce the visible light transmittance, however, the sunshade curtain structure influences the beauty and practicability of the skylight, on the other hand, the additional installation of the sunshade curtain in the vehicle will inevitably increase the vehicle production cost, so that various manufacturers strive to pursue glass capable of reducing the visible light transmittance and the infrared light transmittance, for example, patent document No. 201880003329. The thermoplastic interlayer is formed by one or more thermoplastic films. The at least one thermoplastic polymer film, particularly the at least one PVB film, is a pigmented thermoplastic polymer film, particularly a pigmented PVB film, having a light transmission of from 2 to 80%. "thus, in the prior art, the transmittance of visible light is reduced mainly by providing a colored thermoplastic interlayer between two transparent glass plates. However, for glass manufacturing companies, the cost of purchasing a thin film with added colorants is much higher than the cost of producing glass with low visible light transmission.
In addition, for glass used as a window for a vehicle, in addition to a low visible light transmittance, it is required to have a sufficiently low emissivity for the purpose of heat preservation and insulation.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide the low-emissivity composite glass and the skylight, wherein the optical parameter levels are not lower than those of the existing products, and the production cost is lower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low emissivity composite glass comprising:
an outer sheet of glass having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite one another;
an inner sheet of glass having third and fourth oppositely disposed surfaces;
a thermoplastic interlayer sandwiched between the second surface of the outer sheet of glass and the third surface of the inner sheet of glass;
a first low-radiation layer is arranged between the outer glass sheet and the thermoplastic interlayer, and a second low-radiation layer is arranged on the fourth surface of the inner glass sheet;
the visible light transmittance of the outer glass sheet is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass sheet is less than or equal to 40%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is less than or equal to 20%, the total solar energy transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is less than or equal to 25%, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity composite glass is less than or equal to 0.3.
Further, the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface is less than or equal to 5%.
Further, the thermoplastic interlayer has a visible light transmission of greater than or equal to 90%.
Further, the low emissivity composite glass has a visible light transmittance of less than or equal to 10%.
Further, the thickness range of the first low-radiation layer is 50-400 nm, and the thickness range of the second low-radiation layer is 100-500 nm.
Further, the first low-e layer comprises at least one metal layer, the second low-e layer comprises at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, and the first low-e layer and/or the second low-e layer further comprises at least one visible light blocking layer.
Further, the first low-radiation layer further comprises at least two first dielectric layers, the metal layer is located between the two first dielectric layers, and the first dielectric layers are nitrides, oxides and oxynitrides of at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V and Ta.
Further, the metal layer is a metal or an alloy of at least one element selected from Ag, Au, Cu, Al, Pt.
Furthermore, the second low-radiation layer also comprises at least two second dielectric layers, and the second dielectric layers are nitrides, oxides and oxynitrides of at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg and Zr.
Further, the transparent conductive oxide layer is at least one selected from doped zinc oxide, ITO, NiCrOx, FTO, ZnSnOx, and the doped zinc oxide is one or more doped zinc oxides of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.
Further, when the first low-e layer includes at least one visible blocking layer, the visible blocking layer is in direct contact with the metal layer and is further from the second surface than the metal layer.
Further, when the second low-e layer includes at least one visible blocking layer, the visible blocking layer is in direct contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer.
Further, the second low-emissivity layer includes a stacked structure of at least one "visible light blocking layer/transparent conductive oxide layer/visible light blocking layer".
Further, the thickness of the visible light blocking layer is 4nm-20nm, and the visible light blocking layer is at least one selected from NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN and MoTi.
Further, the first low-radiation layer comprises at least three metal layers, and the infrared transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 1%.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also adopts another technical scheme as follows:
a skylight includes a low-e composite glass as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the low-radiation composite glass has the advantages that the visible light transmittance of the inner glass is reduced, and the effects of the outer glass and the low-radiation layer on reducing visible light and solar energy are combined, so that the overall visible light transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass is kept within the acceptable range of passengers in a vehicle, and meanwhile, the low-visible light transmittance glass is used for replacing the existing product for reducing the visible light transmittance by using the colored thermoplastic interlayer, so that the production cost of glass production enterprises is effectively reduced; the first low-radiation layer can reflect infrared rays, so that the radiance and the infrared ray transmittance of the composite glass are reduced, and the effect of being warm in winter and cool in summer in a vehicle can be achieved; the second low-emissivity layer can further reduce the transmittance of infrared rays and the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface, so that the mirror reflection degree of the fourth surface of the composite glass is reduced under the condition that the visible light transmittance is low, and the comfort of passengers is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low emissivity composite glass in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. an outer sheet of glass; 11. a first surface; 12. a second surface; 2. an inner sheet of glass; 21. a third surface; 22. a fourth surface; 3. a thermoplastic interlayer; 4. a first low-emissivity layer; 5. a second low-emissivity layer.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention relates to a low-emissivity composite glass, which comprises:
the outer glass sheet has a thickness of less than or equal to 5mm, wherein the thickness of the outer glass sheet is preferably less than or equal to 2.1mm, and the outer glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
the inner sheet of glass has a thickness of less than or equal to 5mm, wherein the thickness of the inner sheet of glass is preferably less than or equal to 2.5mm, and the inner sheet of glass has a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged;
a thermoplastic interlayer sandwiched between the second surface of the outer sheet of glass and the third surface of the inner sheet of glass, wherein the material of the thermoplastic interlayer may be selected from polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionic interlayer film (SGP), Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), Polyurethane (PU), and the like, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB);
the first low-radiation layer is arranged between the outer glass and the thermoplastic interlayer, the thickness of the first low-radiation layer ranges from 50 nm to 400nm, the heat transfer coefficient of the glass is directly related to the radiance of the film surface of the glass, the lower the radiance is, the higher the reflectivity to far infrared rays is, the lower the heat transfer coefficient of the glass is, the first low-radiation layer mainly has the function of reducing the radiance of the composite glass, reflection to the infrared rays is achieved, and transmission of the infrared rays from the low-radiation composite glass is reduced, so that the first low-radiation layer comprises at least one metal layer, the metal layer is preferably two or more than two, in the embodiment of the invention, the number of the metal layers is preferably three, and any material capable of reflecting infrared energy can be selected as a film base material, such as (but not limited to) silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Cu) and/or aluminum (aluminum), and copper (copper), The metal or alloy of at least one element of aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), and in the present invention is preferably silver or an alloy containing silver, wherein the alloy containing silver in the present invention is preferably an alloy of silver and at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, and platinum, and in the embodiments of the present invention silver is used,
the fourth surface of the inner glass is provided with a second low-emissivity layer, the thickness of the second low-emissivity layer ranges from 100 nm to 500nm, wherein the second low-emissivity layer mainly functions to further reduce the emissivity of the composite glass and reduce the visible light reflectivity of the fourth surface of the inner glass, so that the second low-emissivity layer comprises at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the transparent conductive oxide layer can be selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), nickel chromium oxide (NiCrOx), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and zinc tin oxide (ZnSnOx), the doped zinc oxide is one or more of doped zinc oxides of elements such as aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium and neodymium, specifically can be aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), yttrium-doped zinc oxide (YZO), hafnium and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (HAZO), tungsten and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (W-AZO), At least one of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO);
in addition, the first low-radiation layer and/or the second low-radiation layer further comprise at least one visible light blocking layer, the visible light blocking layer is matched with gray glass with low visible light transmittance, the visible light transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass can be reduced to be lower than 20%, the thickness of the visible light blocking layer is 4nm-20nm, and the visible light blocking layer is at least one selected from nickel chromium alloy (NiCr), nickel aluminum alloy (NiAl), nickel silicon alloy (NiSi), metal chromium (Cr), titanium nitride (TiN), niobium nitride (NbN) and titanium molybdenum alloy (MoTi);
when the first low-emissivity layer comprises at least one visible blocking layer, the visible blocking layer is in direct contact with the metallic layer and is farther from the second surface than the metallic layer;
when the second low-emissivity layer comprises at least one visible-light-blocking layer, the visible-light-blocking layer is in direct contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer, and the second low-emissivity layer comprises at least one "visible-light-blocking layer/transparent conductive oxide layer/visible-light-blocking layer" stack;
the visible light transmittance of the outer glass sheet is greater than or equal to 70%, wherein the outer glass sheet can be selected from white glass (transparent glass) or green glass, the outer glass sheet is preferably white glass, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass sheet is less than or equal to 40%, the inner glass sheet can be selected from dark colored glass such as gray glass, green glass, blue glass and tea glass, the inner glass sheet is preferably gray glass, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 20%, the total solar energy transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 25%, and the emissivity of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 0.3.
The composite glass often causes large optical interference of mirror reflection to the environment in the automobile along with reduction of visible light transmittance and infrared transmittance of the composite glass, riding comfort is reduced, and the visible light reflectivity of the four surfaces of the composite glass can be smaller than or equal to 5% through the second low-radiation layer.
Preferably, the visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, and the visible light transmittance of the inner sheet glass is less than or equal to 30%.
Preferably, the thermoplastic interlayer has a visible light transmittance of 90% or more, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer may have a visible light transmittance of 90% or more after heating, and the higher the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer is, the cheaper the thermoplastic interlayer is.
Preferably, the low-emissivity composite glass has a visible light transmittance of less than or equal to 10%.
Specifically, the first low-radiation layer further includes at least two first dielectric layers, and the metal layer is located between the two first dielectric layers to form a laminated structure of "first dielectric layer/metal layer/first dielectric layer", where the metal layer is preferably two or more layers, and the number of layers of the metal layer in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably three.
Specifically, the first dielectric layer is a nitride, an oxide, or an oxynitride of at least one element selected from zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), niobium (Nb), magnesium Mg, zirconium (Zr), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y), indium (In), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V), and tantalum (Ta).
Specifically, the second low-emissivity layer further includes at least two second dielectric layers, and the second dielectric layers are nitrides, oxides, and oxynitrides of at least one element selected from zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), magnesium Mg, and zirconium (Zr).
The skylight disclosed by the invention comprises the low-emissivity composite glass. When the low-emissivity composite glass is installed as a sunroof on a motor vehicle, the first surface of the outer sheet of glass faces the outside of the vehicle, and the fourth surface of the inner sheet of glass faces the inside of the vehicle. Because the inner glass sheet adopts the gray glass, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass sheet is lower, and therefore, the effects of good hiding and visible light isolation can be achieved. Because the first low-radiation layer is arranged between the second surface and the thermoplastic interlayer, infrared rays entering the interior of the automobile from the outside of the automobile can be reflected by the metal layer of the first low-radiation layer, so that heat radiation of the automobile from the outside of the automobile to the interior of the automobile is reduced, and particularly, a good cooling effect can be achieved at a high external temperature. The second low-radiation layer arranged on the fourth surface can not only further obstruct infrared rays emitted into the vehicle from the outside of the vehicle, but also reduce the degree of specular reflection formed on the fourth surface due to the reduction of the visible light transmittance.
The following is a comparative description of the performance of different low-e composite glasses according to the present invention with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
A low emissivity composite glass comprising:
the outer glass is white glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the outer glass is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
the inner glass is gray glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the inner glass is provided with a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged;
the thermoplastic interlayer is made of transparent PVB and is sandwiched between the second surface of the outer piece of glass and the third surface of the inner piece of glass;
the glass comprises an outer piece of glass and a thermoplastic interlayer, wherein a first low-radiation layer is arranged between the outer piece of glass and the thermoplastic interlayer, the thickness of the first low-radiation layer is 262.4nm, the first low-radiation layer is formed on the second surface of the outer piece of glass by the following film layers in sequence through various methods such as physical vapor deposition (such as evaporation coating, sputtering coating and the like), chemical vapor deposition, chemical sol coating (such as a sol-gel method) and the like, and the composition of the first low-radiation layer film is as follows: ZnSnOx (26nm)/AZO (10.8nm)/Ag (13nm)/AZO (8.6nm)/ZnSnOx (56.8nm)/AZO (8.8nm)/Ag (14.4nm)/AZO (8.4nm)/ZnSnOx (54.8nm)/AZO (8.6nm)/Ag (13nm)/AZO (9nm)/ZnSnOx (19.9nm)/SiN (10.3nm), wherein the thicknesses of the film layers are shown in brackets, the Ag layer is a metal layer, and the rest is a first dielectric layer;
the fourth surface of the inner glass is provided with a second low-radiation layer, the thickness of the second low-radiation layer is 224.9nm, the second low-radiation layer is formed on the fourth surface of the inner glass in a mode that the following film layers sequentially pass through magnetron sputtering, and the film layers of the second low-radiation layer sequentially comprise: SiN (45.3nm)/NiCr (8nm)/ITO (106.2nm)/NiCr (10nm)/SiN (55.4nm), wherein the thickness of each film layer is arranged in brackets, the ITO layer is a transparent conductive oxide layer, the NiCr layer is a visible light blocking layer, and the balance is a second dielectric layer;
as shown in table 1, in this example, the visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the inner sheet glass is less than or equal to 30%, the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface is 2.88%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer after heating is greater than or equal to 90%, the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 5.79%, the infrared transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.18%, the total solar transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 16.05%, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.21.
Example 2
A low emissivity composite glass comprising:
the outer glass is white glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the outer glass is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
the inner glass is gray glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the inner glass is provided with a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged;
the thermoplastic interlayer is made of transparent PVB and is sandwiched between the second surface of the outer piece of glass and the third surface of the inner piece of glass;
the first low-emissivity coating is arranged between the outer glass and the thermoplastic interlayer, the thickness of the first low-emissivity coating is 262.4nm, the first low-emissivity coating is formed on the second surface of the outer glass by the following film layers in sequence through various methods such as physical vapor deposition (such as evaporation coating, sputtering coating and the like), chemical vapor deposition, chemical sol coating (such as sol-gel method) and the like, and the film layers of the first low-emissivity coating are formed in sequence: ZnSnOx (26nm)/AZO (10.8nm)/Ag (13nm)/AZO (8.6nm)/ZnSnOx (56.8nm)/AZO (8.8nm)/Ag (14.4nm)/AZO (8.4nm)/ZnSnOx (54.8nm)/AZO (8.6nm)/Ag (13nm)/AZO (9nm)/ZnSnOx (19.9nm)/SiN (10.3nm), wherein the thicknesses of the film layers are shown in brackets, the Ag layer is a metal layer, and the rest is a first dielectric layer;
the fourth surface of the inner glass is provided with a second low-radiation layer, the thickness of the second low-radiation layer is 224.9nm, the second low-radiation layer is formed on the fourth surface of the inner glass in a mode that the following film layers sequentially pass through magnetron sputtering, and the film layers of the second low-radiation layer sequentially comprise: SiN (54.1nm)/NiCr (11.1nm)/ZnSnOx (75.1nm)/NiCr (16nm)/SiN (57.2nm), wherein the thickness of each film layer is in brackets, the ZnSnOx layer is a transparent conductive oxide layer, NiCr is a visible light blocking layer, and the balance is a second dielectric layer;
as shown in table 1, in this example, the visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the inner sheet glass is less than or equal to 30%, the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface is 1.3%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer after heating is greater than or equal to 90%, the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 3.13%, the infrared transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.11%, the total solar transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 15.43%, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.27.
Example 3
A low emissivity composite glass comprising:
the outer glass is white glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the outer glass is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
the inner glass is gray glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the inner glass is provided with a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged;
the thermoplastic interlayer is made of transparent PVB and is sandwiched between the second surface of the outer piece of glass and the third surface of the inner piece of glass;
the first low-emissivity coating is arranged between the outer glass and the thermoplastic interlayer, the thickness of the first low-emissivity coating is 262.4nm, the first low-emissivity coating is formed on the second surface of the outer glass by the following film layers in sequence through various methods such as physical vapor deposition (such as evaporation coating, sputtering coating and the like), chemical vapor deposition, chemical sol coating (such as sol-gel method) and the like, and the film layers of the first low-emissivity coating are formed in sequence: ZnSnOx (26.8nm)/AZO (15.1nm)/Ag (14.5nm)/AZO (11.1nm)/ZnSnOx (65nm)/AZO (8.4nm)/Ag (13.5nm)/NiCr (4.1mm)/AZO (8.1nm)/ZnSnOx (42.9nm)/AZO (10.9nm)/Ag (12nm)/NiCr (4.1nm)/AZO (13.8nm)/ZnSnOx (20.3nm)/SiN (11.8nm), wherein the thickness of each film layer is in brackets, the Ag layer is a metal layer, the NiCr layer is a visible light blocking layer, and the rest are first dielectric layers;
the fourth surface of the inner glass is provided with a second low-radiation layer, the thickness of the second low-radiation layer is 224.9nm, the second low-radiation layer is formed on the fourth surface of the inner glass in a mode that the following film layers sequentially pass through magnetron sputtering, and the film layers of the second low-radiation layer sequentially comprise: SiN (45.3nm)/NiCr (6.6nm)/ITO (186.2nm)/NiCr (10nm)/SiN (58.1nm), wherein the thickness of each film layer is arranged in brackets, the ITO layer is a transparent conductive oxide layer, the NiCr layer is a visible light blocking layer, and the balance are second dielectric layers;
as shown in table 1, in this example, the visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the inner sheet glass is less than or equal to 30%, the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface is 1.8%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer after heating is greater than or equal to 90%, the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 2.04%, the infrared transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.13%, the total solar transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 14.57%, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.15.
Comparative example 1
A low emissivity composite glass comprising:
the outer glass is green glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the outer glass is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
the inner glass is white glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the inner glass is provided with a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged;
the thermoplastic interlayer is made of a gray film PVB and is sandwiched between the second surface of the outer piece of glass and the third surface of the inner piece of glass;
in this comparative example 1, no first low-e layer was disposed between the outer sheet of glass and the thermoplastic interlayer;
a second low-emissivity layer is arranged on the fourth surface of the inner glass sheet, and the second low-emissivity layer is formed on the inner glass sheet in an online FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) coating mode;
as shown in table 1, in this comparative example, the visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the inner sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface is 7.07%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer after heating is less than or equal to 20%, the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 1.81%, the infrared transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.13%, the total solar transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 24.44%, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.27.
Comparative example 2
A low emissivity composite glass comprising:
the outer glass is white glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the outer glass is provided with a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged;
the inner glass is gray glass, the thickness of the outer glass is 2.1mm, and the inner glass is provided with a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged;
the thermoplastic interlayer is made of transparent PVB and is sandwiched between the second surface of the outer piece of glass and the third surface of the inner piece of glass;
in this comparative example 2, a first low-emissivity layer is disposed between the outer glass and the thermoplastic interlayer, the first low-emissivity layer has a thickness of 262.4nm, the first low-emissivity layer is formed on the second surface of the outer glass by various methods such as physical vapor deposition (e.g., evaporation coating, sputter coating, etc.), chemical vapor deposition, chemical sol coating (e.g., sol-gel method), and the first dielectric layer has the following film layers: ZnSnOx (26nm)/AZO (10.8nm)/Ag (13nm)/AZO (8.6nm)/ZnSnOx (56.8nm)/AZO (8.8nm)/Ag (14.4nm)/AZO (8.4nm)/ZnSnOx (54.8nm)/AZO (8.6nm)/Ag (13nm)/AZO (9nm)/ZnSnOx (19.9nm)/SiN (10.3nm), wherein the thicknesses of the film layers are shown in brackets, the Ag layer is a metal layer, and the rest is a first dielectric layer;
a second low-emissivity layer is not arranged on the fourth surface of the inner sheet of glass;
as shown in table 1, in this comparative example, 3, the visible light transmittance of the outer sheet glass is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the inner sheet glass is greater than or equal to 30%, the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface is 5.33%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer after heating is greater than or equal to 90%, the visible light transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 23.41%, the infrared transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 1.41%, the total solar transmittance of the low-emissivity composite glass is 21.22%, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity composite glass is 0.9.
TABLE 1
In examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, gray glass is used to block visible light, while in comparative example 1, gray film PVB is used for the thermoplastic interlayer to block visible light, the cost of comparative example 1 is higher than that of examples 1 to 3, and the visible light transmittance of examples 1 to 3 is close to that of comparative example 1, and the difference is within 5%.
By comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that, in comparative example 1, the gray glass with lower light transmittance is selected and combined with the first low-radiation layer to block visible light, while example 1 mainly realizes the blocking of visible light through the thermoplastic interlayer made of gray film PVB, as can be seen from table 1, the infrared transmittance and the emissivity of example 1 and comparative example 1 are similar, so that the infrared reflection capability and the heat insulation capability of the two are basically similar, the visible light transmittance of example 1 is slightly higher than that of comparative example 1, therefore, the blocking effect of the composite glass of example 1 on visible light is slightly lower than that of comparative example 1, and the visible light reflectance of the fourth surface of example 1 is lower than that of comparative example 1, so that the degree of the composite glass of example 1 having mirror reflection in the vehicle after loading is smaller than or equal to that of comparative example 1, the ride experience for the occupant will be better.
By comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that the materials of the glass and the thermoplastic interlayer used in example 1 and comparative example 2 are the same, and the difference between the two is that the second low-emissivity layer is absent in comparative example 2, and as can be seen from table 1, the emissivity of comparative example 2 is higher, so that the heat transfer coefficient of the composite glass of comparative example 2 is higher, and the heat insulation and heat preservation performance are poorer, and in addition, the visible light transmittance of comparative example 2 is much higher than that of example 1, so that the composite glass of comparative example 2 has poor shielding of visible light, and the riding experience brought to passengers is better, and thus, the composite glass of the present invention without the second low-emissivity layer cannot meet the requirements of emissivity and visible light transmittance.
As can be seen from comparison between example 1 and example 2, the difference between the two is only that the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer in the second low-emissivity layer is different, ITO is used in example 1, ZnSnOx is used in example 2, and as can be seen from table 1, the properties of example 1 and example 2 are similar, and the visible light transmittance and the fourth-side visible light reflectance of example 1 are slightly higher than those of example 2.
By comparing example 1 with example 3, it can be seen that the difference between the two is only that the visible light blocking layer of NiCr is added to the first low-emissivity layer in example 3, and therefore, as can be seen from table 1, the visible light transmittance of example 3 is further reduced compared with that of example 1, so that the composite glass of example 3 has better blocking capability for visible light, and the emissivity of example 3 is also reduced to a certain extent compared with that of example 1, so that the composite glass of example 3 has better heat insulation performance.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but that modifications and variations can be made by one skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A low emissivity composite glass comprising:
an outer sheet of glass having a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite one another;
an inner sheet of glass having third and fourth oppositely disposed surfaces;
a thermoplastic interlayer sandwiched between the second surface of the outer sheet of glass and the third surface of the inner sheet of glass;
a first low-radiation layer is arranged between the outer glass sheet and the thermoplastic interlayer, and a second low-radiation layer is arranged on the fourth surface of the inner glass sheet;
the composite glass is characterized in that the visible light transmittance of the outer glass sheet is greater than or equal to 70%, the visible light transmittance of the inner glass sheet is less than or equal to 40%, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer is greater than or equal to 80%, the visible light transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 20%, the total solar energy transmittance of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 25%, and the radiation rate of the low-radiation composite glass is less than or equal to 0.3.
2. The low emissivity composite glass of claim 1, wherein the fourth surface has a visible light reflectance of less than or equal to 5%.
3. The low emissivity composite glass of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic interlayer has a visible light transmission of greater than or equal to 90%.
4. The low-emissivity composite glass of claim 1, wherein the low-emissivity composite glass has a visible light transmittance of less than or equal to 10%.
5. The low-emissivity composite glass according to claim 1, wherein the first low-emissivity layer has a thickness in a range of 50 to 400nm, and the second low-emissivity layer has a thickness in a range of 100 to 500 nm.
6. The low-e composite glass of claim 1, wherein the first low-e layer comprises at least one metal layer, the second low-e layer comprises at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, and the first low-e layer and/or the second low-e layer further comprises at least one visible light blocking layer.
7. The low-emissivity composite glass according to claim 6, wherein the first low-emissivity layer further comprises at least two first dielectric layers, the metal layer is located between the two first dielectric layers, and the first dielectric layers are nitrides, oxides, and oxynitrides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Ni, Cr, Nb, Mg, Zr, Ga, Y, In, Sb, V, and Ta.
8. The low-emissivity composite glass according to claim 6, wherein the metal layer is a metal or an alloy of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Al and Pt.
9. The low-emissivity composite glass according to claim 6, wherein the second low-emissivity layer further comprises at least two second dielectric layers, and the second dielectric layers are nitrides, oxides, and oxynitrides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr.
10. The low emissivity composite glass of claim 6, wherein the transparent conductive oxide layer is at least one selected from doped zinc oxide, ITO, NiCrOx, FTO, ZnSnOx, and the doped zinc oxide is one or more of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.
11. The low emissivity composite glass of claim 6, wherein when the first low emissivity layer comprises at least one visible light blocking layer, the visible light blocking layer is in direct contact with the metallic layer and is further from the second surface than the metallic layer.
12. The low emissivity composite glass of claim 6, wherein when the second low emissivity layer comprises at least one visible light blocking layer, the visible light blocking layer is in direct contact with the transparent conductive oxide layer.
13. The low-e composite glass of claim 6, wherein the second low-e layer comprises at least one visible blocking layer/transparent conductive oxide layer/visible blocking layer laminate.
14. The low-emissivity composite glass according to claim 6, wherein the visible light blocking layer has a thickness of 4nm to 20nm, and the visible light blocking layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of NiCr, NiAl, NiSi, Cr, TiN, NbN, and MoTi.
15. The low-emissivity composite glass of claim 6, wherein the first low-emissivity layer comprises at least three metal layers, and wherein the low-emissivity composite glass has an infrared transmittance of less than or equal to 1%.
16. A skylight comprising the low-e composite glass of any of claims 1-15.
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