CN114043091A - Laser additive manufacturing device with coaxially fed silk powder - Google Patents
Laser additive manufacturing device with coaxially fed silk powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114043091A CN114043091A CN202111416213.9A CN202111416213A CN114043091A CN 114043091 A CN114043091 A CN 114043091A CN 202111416213 A CN202111416213 A CN 202111416213A CN 114043091 A CN114043091 A CN 114043091A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser additive manufacturing device with coaxially fed filament powder. The device includes the deposition head, and the deposition head includes the casing, and the casing includes horizontal barrel and vertical barrel, and the lower extreme of vertical barrel is equipped with the tip and bumps the mouth. A collimating lens, a rotational symmetry prism and a first coupling prism are sequentially arranged in the transverse cylinder body along the laser transmission direction. The inner wall of the connecting corner of the transverse cylinder and the vertical cylinder is obliquely provided with a deflection mirror, the deflection mirror is provided with a wire feeding hole and a powder feeding hole, a wire feeding pipe is arranged in the wire feeding hole, a powder feeding pipe is arranged in the powder feeding hole, and a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding channel are arranged on the end part collision nozzle. And a second coupling prism is arranged inside the vertical cylinder. The lower end of the vertical cylinder is provided with an aspheric condenser lens on the outer side of the end part touch nozzle, and the outlet directions of the wire feeding nozzle and the powder feeding channel face the focus of the conical laser beam. The wire powder is coaxially fed and positioned in the laser beam, so that the efficient defect-free preparation of the in-situ alloying gradient or metal matrix composite material by laser additive manufacturing is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive machining, in particular to a laser additive manufacturing device with coaxially fed silk powder.
Background
At present, laser additive manufacturing technology is widely applied to the manufacturing field of aerospace, nuclear energy and military key parts, and can be divided into powder feeding type and wire feeding type according to different deposition modes. The two deposition modes have the advantages and the disadvantages respectively, parts manufactured by powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing have higher size and surface precision, wherein the powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing represented by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) can manufacture small parts which have complex shape and structure and cannot be processed and manufactured by the traditional process, but the defects of high powder cost, low utilization rate and pore defects of manufactured parts cause the strength to be lower and the use performance requirements can not be met. The Laser Melting Deposition (LMD) additive manufacturing technology can use powder as raw materials and also can use wire materials as raw materials, so that the flexibility is greatly improved, wherein the wire materials are used as the raw materials, the utilization rate of the materials is high, the feeding precision is more accurate, the deposition efficiency is higher, and the method is suitable for manufacturing large-scale components. However, the synchronous laser deposition of the powder and the powder is based on laser melting deposition, and the powder and the wire are simultaneously sent into a molten pool to be deposited layer by layer, so that the additive manufacturing process is realized. The additive manufacturing method for mixing the silk powder synchronously has the following advantages:
1. compared with the independent powder feeding type additive manufacturing, the deposition efficiency is high, and the density of the prepared part is high.
2. The component design of the prepared part is more flexible. The components of each layer can be designed by adjusting the wire feeding speed and the powder feeding speed, so that the gradient functional material is prepared.
3. For certain alloys, which cannot be processed into wire due to the presence of certain minor elements, the material can be added to the prepared part as a powder alone.
4. The wire and powder mixing is currently used to the greatest advantage for the in-situ preparation of metal matrix composites. The hard or special-property particles are added into a molten pool in the form of powder through a gas device with controllable flow rate to realize in-situ alloying to prepare the high-property metal-based composite material.
Currently, most of the wire and powder synchronous laser additive manufacturing processes adopt a manufacturing strategy of paraxial wire feeding and paraxial powder feeding or paraxial wire feeding and coaxial powder feeding. The process of side-axis wire feeding and side-axis powder feeding is that laser is output along the axis position of the end touch nozzle, and the powder nozzle and the wire feeding nozzle are arranged at two sides of the laser beam and form a certain included angle. The process of side-axis wire feeding and coaxial powder feeding is to output laser along the axis position of the end touch nozzle and integrate the powder conveying channel around the cladding head. During the powder is conveyed to the molten pool by the end collision nozzle, the powder is uniformly distributed around the laser beam, and the wire enters the molten pool in a paraxial feeding mode at a certain angle.
The two feeding modes are adopted for laser additive manufacturing of parts with regular shapes such as planes and columns, and have certain advantages and realizability, but when irregular complex parts such as irregular parts with unequal thicknesses and spatial net structures are manufactured, the outstanding problems that laser beams, paraxial wire feeding or powder feeding directions and the accessibility requirements of the structural size and the spatial position of the device are not matched and the normal forming process of the parts cannot be carried out often exist. Meanwhile, when the metal composite material or functional gradient material parts with large thermal expansion coefficient and sensitive temperature gradient change are formed by adopting the laser heat source additive with Gaussian distribution, the mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties of the whole additive part are influenced due to the generation of defects such as microcracks, pores and the like easily caused by the change of liquid metal components of a molten pool, the unbalanced temperature gradient distribution and the strong impact action of laser on the molten pool. Therefore, the light beam shaping laser additive manufacturing technology and device for coaxially feeding the development silk powder have important engineering application values for manufacturing personalized products and improving the usability of universal parts by laser additive manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser additive manufacturing device for coaxially feeding wire powder, which aims to solve the problems that the accessibility requirements of laser, paraxial wire feeding and powder feeding directions and spatial positions are inconsistent and a normal forming process cannot be carried out when the conventional wire powder laser additive manufacturing is carried out on irregular and complex parts, and the defects of pores, microcracks and the like of materials are easily caused in the laser additive manufacturing process by laser beams with Gaussian distribution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the laser additive manufacturing device for coaxially feeding the filament powder adopts the following technical scheme: a laser additive manufacturing device for coaxially feeding silk powder comprises a deposition head, wherein the deposition head comprises a shell, the shell comprises a transverse cylinder and a vertical cylinder, and an end touch nozzle is arranged inside the lower end of the vertical cylinder; the end part of the transverse cylinder body is provided with a collimating mirror for receiving a solid laser beam generated by a laser generator, a rotational symmetry prism is arranged at the downstream of the collimating mirror in the transverse cylinder body for shaping the solid laser beam into a circular Bessel laser beam, and a first coupling prism is arranged at the downstream of the rotational symmetry prism in the transverse cylinder body for converting the circular Bessel laser beam into two spaced Bessel laser beams in a semicircular distribution; the inner wall of the connecting corner of the transverse cylinder and the vertical cylinder is obliquely provided with a deflection mirror, the deflection mirror changes the Bessel laser beams which are emitted from the horizontal direction and are distributed in two semicircular rings at intervals into vertical direction and transmits downwards, a wire feeding hole and a powder feeding hole are arranged on a gap between the Bessel laser beams which are distributed in two semicircular rings on the deflection mirror, a wire feeding pipe connected with an end part touch nozzle is arranged in the wire feeding hole, a powder feeding pipe connected with the end part touch nozzle is arranged in the powder feeding hole, and a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding channel are arranged on the end part touch nozzle; a second coupling prism is arranged between the end touch nozzle and the deflection mirror inside the vertical cylinder body so as to recombine the two spaced Bessel laser beams which are distributed in a semicircular way into a complete circular laser beam; the lower end of the vertical cylinder is provided with an aspheric condenser lens on the outer side of the end part touch nozzle so as to change the annular laser beam into a conical laser beam to be emitted, and the outlet directions of the wire feeding nozzle and the powder feeding channel face the focus of the conical laser beam.
The number of the powder feeding holes is more than three, and the powder feeding holes and the whole powder feeding holes are linearly distributed at the interval gap between the two semicircular distributed Bessel laser beams.
The second coupling prism is provided with a first perforation through which the wire feeding pipe vertically passes and a second perforation through which each powder feeding pipe vertically passes; the powder feeding pipe comprises a rigid pipe part which is positioned above the second coupling prism and is connected with the corresponding second through hole and a hose part which is positioned between the second coupling prism and the end collision nozzle; the powder inlet of the powder feeding channel on the end part touch nozzle is uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the wire feeding pipe as the center.
The number of the powder feeding holes is four, the number of the filament feeding holes is one, and the four powder feeding holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the filament feeding holes in pairs.
Each coupling prism comprises a hollow roof prism and a right-angle prism, the inclined surface of the right-angle prism is tightly bonded with the roof combination plane of the hollow roof prism, the hollow roof prism comprises two right-angle prism structures, the inclined surfaces of the two right-angle prism structures are not coated with reflection films, and laser blocking films are coated on the roof combination position; the right-angled vertex of the first coupling prism is positioned toward the outgoing direction of the laser beam, and the right-angled vertex of the second coupling prism is positioned toward the incoming direction of the laser beam.
The device includes the air supply, and the air supply is connected with the nozzle through first gas circuit and is regarded as the protective gas in the metal deposition process, and the air supply is connected with the powder feeding device through the second gas circuit, and the powder feeding device passes through the pipeline and feeds through with sending the powder pipe.
The device also comprises a wire feeder for feeding the wire material into the wire feeding pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser generator generates a solid laser beam, the solid laser beam belongs to a solid Gaussian distribution heat source, the solid laser beam is shaped into a circular Bessel laser beam through a collimating mirror and a rotational symmetry prism, the circular Bessel laser beam is converted into two semicircular Bessel laser beams at intervals by a first coupling prism and is displayed on a deflection mirror, and a wire feeding pipe and a powder feeding pipe are arranged on an inclined plane and are positioned at a gap between the two semicircular Bessel laser beams, so that the laser beam avoids the wire feeding pipe and the powder feeding pipe. The deflection mirror converts two semicircular annular Bessel laser beams which are horizontally emitted and spaced into two semicircular annular distributed Bessel laser beams which are vertically transmitted and spaced, the second coupling prism converts the two semicircular annular Bessel laser beams which are spaced into complete circular ring-shaped laser beams again, the circular ring-shaped laser beams are converted into conical laser beams through the aspheric condenser lens to be emitted, the outlet directions of the wire feeding nozzle and the powder feeding channel face the focus of the conical laser beams, the wire feeding nozzle and the powder feeding channel are both positioned inside the conical laser beams and are coaxially fed in, the interference between the wire feeding nozzle and the laser beams is completely avoided, and the wire powder eutectic pool melting is realized at the focus of the conical laser beams. Because the device adopts the integrated structural design of coaxial feeding of the filament powder and the laser beam, the structure of the deposition head is simpler and more compact, the whole size is small, the accessibility of the space is good, and the co-melting tank of the filament powder and the laser beam can be always kept, therefore, the problems of unstable forming process, insufficient component regulation and control capability and the like caused by the fact that the paraxial filament feeding device or the filament feeding device and the laser beam can not synchronously keep the co-melting tank and the paraxial feeding mechanism can not reach the designated position of a narrow space when forming parts with irregular complex shapes can be effectively avoided, and the forming manufacturing of the parts with complex structures, the component gradient change and the process are ultra-stable. Meanwhile, Bessel distributed beams show that the energy density of the center of a light spot is low, the energy density of the position close to the edge is high, and the light spots are symmetrically distributed, so that when wires share a molten pool, the wires can be melted by using laser heat, laser radiant heat and molten pool heat together, the impact force of the counter-vapor pressure of metal vapor formed by laser vaporization of metal powder on the molten pool is reduced, the porosity is reduced, and the internal quality of a formed part is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a laser additive manufacturing apparatus with coaxial feed of filament powder according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the interior of the deposition head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between a filament feeding hole and a powder feeding hole in a deflection mirror;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupling prism.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the laser additive manufacturing device for coaxially feeding the wire powder comprises a deposition head 1, wherein the deposition head comprises a shell, the shell comprises a transverse cylinder 10 and a vertical cylinder 11, an end collision nozzle 25 is arranged inside the lower end of the vertical cylinder, the end collision nozzle is used for accurately conveying the wire material and the powder to a molten pool formed at a laser focus on a lower substrate 2, and the molten materials are solidified and accumulated layer by layer to realize additive manufacturing, as shown in figures 1-4. The end of the transverse cylinder is provided with a collimator lens 12 for receiving the solid laser beam generated by the laser generator 3 and transmitted through the optical fiber 4. A rotationally symmetric prism 13 is provided in the transverse cylinder downstream of the collimator for shaping the solid laser beam into an annular bessel laser beam. In this embodiment, upstream refers to the forward direction of the laser beam propagation direction, and downstream refers to the backward direction of the laser beam propagation direction.
A first coupling prism 14 is arranged in the transverse cylinder downstream of the rotationally symmetrical prism for converting the annular bessel laser beam into two spaced, semicircular distributed bessel laser beams 29. An inclined plane 15 is arranged on the inner wall of the connecting corner of the transverse cylinder body and the vertical cylinder body, and a deflection mirror 16 is arranged on the inclined plane to change the Bessel laser beams which are emitted from the horizontal direction and are distributed in two semicircular rings at intervals into downward transmission in the vertical direction. The deflection mirror is arranged at 45 degrees, and the mirror surface faces the incoming direction of the laser beam. The inclined plane and the deflecting mirror are provided with a wire feeding hole 17 and a powder feeding hole 18 on an interval gap between two semi-circular distributed Bessel laser beams, as shown in FIG. 4. The number of the powder feeding holes is more than three, and the powder feeding holes and the whole powder feeding holes are linearly distributed on the interval gap between the two semi-circular laser beams. In this embodiment, the number of the powder feeding holes is four, the number of the filament feeding holes is one, and the four powder feeding holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the filament feeding hole in pairs. The wire feeding hole is provided with a wire feeding pipe 19 connected with the end touch nozzle, and the powder feeding hole is provided with a powder feeding pipe 20 connected with the end touch nozzle. The end collision nozzle 25 is provided with a wire feeding nozzle 27 and a powder feeding passage (not shown).
A second coupling prism 21 is arranged between the end touch nozzle and the deflection mirror inside the vertical cylinder body so as to combine the two spaced Bessel laser beams distributed in a semicircular way into a complete circular laser beam. The lower end of the vertical cylinder is provided with an aspheric condenser lens 24 outside the end nozzle to change the annular laser beam into a conical laser beam 26 and emit the conical laser beam. The outlet directions of the wire feeding nozzle 27 and the powder feeding channel face to the focus of the conical laser beam, and the spraying direction of the powder is 28. And melting the filament-powder eutectic pool at the focus of the conical laser beam to generate in-situ alloying reaction.
The concrete structure of the powder feeding pipe and the wire feeding pipe is as follows: the second coupling prism is provided with a first perforation for the wire feeding pipe to vertically pass through and four second perforations for the powder feeding pipes to vertically pass through, and the positions of the first perforation and the second perforation are arranged opposite to the positions of the wire feeding holes and the powder feeding holes one by one. The powder inlet of the powder feeding channel on the end part touch nozzle is uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the wire feeding pipe as the center. The powder feeding tube comprises a rigid tube portion 22 located above the second coupling prism and connected to the corresponding second through hole and a hose portion 23 located between the second coupling prism and the end nozzle. The rigid pipe part is made of heat-resistant material, and the pipe body of the rigid pipe part is made into a rigid heat-resistant pipe so as to ensure that the pipe body is not bent or softened in vertical transmission. Because four perforations and a first perforation on the second coupling prism are arranged in a linear line, and the powder inlets of the powder feeding channels on the lower end touch nozzles are uniformly distributed and arranged along the circumferential direction by taking the wire feeding pipe as the center, the deformable hose is adopted to feed powder, the uniform powder feeding by taking the wire feeding pipe as the center is realized, and the forming quality is improved.
Each of the coupling prisms, as shown in fig. 5, includes a hollow roof prism 30 and a right-angle prism 31, and the inclined surface of the right-angle prism is closely adhered to the roof junction plane of the hollow roof prism. The hollow roof prism comprises two right-angle prism structures, the inclined surfaces of which are not coated with a reflecting film, and the laser blocking film 32 is coated at the joint of the roof. The direction of the placement of the right-angle vertex 33 in the first coupling prism is consistent with the direction of the light beam entering the rotationally symmetric prism, namely, the right-angle vertex 33 of the first coupling prism is placed towards the outgoing direction of the laser beam; the right-angled vertex 33 of the second coupling prism is arranged in the opposite direction to the vertical downward transmission direction of the laser light deflected by the deflection mirror, i.e. the right-angled vertex 33 is arranged upward, i.e. the right-angled vertex 33 of the second coupling prism is arranged toward the incoming direction of the laser beam. The first coupling prism is used for shaping laser beams distributed in a circular ring shape into two Bessel laser beams distributed in a semicircular ring shape at intervals, and the purpose is to reserve a space area channel without laser beam distribution for the wire feeding pipe and the powder feeding pipe when the wire feeding pipe and the powder feeding pipe vertically enter the end part collision nozzle through a deflection mirror placed at 45 degrees, so that the wire feeding channel and the powder feeding channel are prevented from interfering with the laser beams. The function of the second coupling prism is opposite to that of the first coupling prism, and the function of the second coupling prism is to combine the laser beams which are spaced and in two half circular rings into a complete circular ring laser beam. The second coupling prism and the first coupling prism are identical in structure, except that they are placed in opposite positions with respect to the incident laser beam.
In this embodiment, the deflecting mirror is used to change the propagation direction of the laser beam shaped by the first coupling prism from horizontal to vertical, and the purpose of the deflecting mirror is: in order to ensure that the wire feeding pipe and the powder feeding pipe enter the annular light path, the wire feeding pipe and the powder feeding pipe are not contacted with the laser beam. Specifically, when two Bessel laser beams which are conveyed in the horizontal direction and are distributed in a semicircular mode at intervals irradiate a deflection mirror, an area without laser passing is reserved on the deflection mirror, five small through holes are designed in the area, four of the five small through holes are powder feeding holes, one of the five small through holes is a wire feeding hole, the feeding direction of wires and powder is parallel to the laser beam propagation direction, and the axis of a wire feeding pipe is overlapped with the axis of a hollow conical laser beam. The wire feeding nozzle is coaxial with the wire feeding pipe, so that the coaxiality of wire feeding is ensured.
The function of the aspheric condenser lens in the embodiment is as follows: the annular laser beam is focused, and the focal position is positioned on the substrate at a certain distance from the lower part of the end collision nozzle, and the position is the position where a molten pool is formed. In the area where the annular laser beam reaches the focal point through the aspheric condenser lens, the laser beam is distributed in a hollow conical shape and still does not interfere with the powder and the wire material.
The solid laser beams which are propagated in the horizontal direction of Gaussian distribution are converted into Bessel laser beams which are distributed in a circular ring shape through a rotational symmetry prism, the laser beams are continuously propagated to a middle first coupling prism along the horizontal direction, the continuous Bessel laser beams which are distributed in the circular ring shape are converted into discontinuous laser beams which are distributed in two semicircular ring shapes after passing through the coupling prism, the laser beams are continuously propagated to a deflection mirror 13 which is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction along the horizontal direction, and the propagation direction is changed into the vertical direction; the laser beams continue to propagate, and after passing through the second coupling prism, the two laser beams which are distributed in a semicircular ring shape at intervals are synthesized into a complete circular ring-shaped Bessel laser beam; and finally, the circular Bessel laser beam forms a conical laser beam through an aspheric condenser lens, and is focused on the substrate at a certain distance below the deposition head.
The invention converts a solid Gaussian distribution heat source into a hollow Bessel heat source and has the following functions: the solid Gaussian heat source energy distribution is that the energy density in the middle of a laser circular light spot is highest, the energy density near the edge is lowest, and the energy density changes greatly from the center to the edge, so that when a wire powder eutectic pool is used, the wire powder is ensured to be melted simultaneously and metal powder at the edge of the light spot is fully melted, and larger laser power is needed. The energy distribution of the annular laser spot follows Bessel distribution, the energy density of the center of the spot is the lowest, the energy density of the position close to the edge is the highest, and the annular laser spot is symmetrically distributed, so that when the wire powder is co-molten in the pool, the metal powder can be symmetrically molten by adopting smaller power to form a molten pool, and then the welding wire is melted by laser radiation heat and molten pool heat to realize the purpose of co-melting. Therefore, two sides of the reverse steam pressure of the metal steam formed by laser vaporization of the metal powder can be balanced, the impact force on a molten pool is reduced greatly, the porosity is reduced, and the additive quality is improved.
In order to cool down the deposition head, the deposition head is integrated with a cooling device 8, the cooling device is the prior art, the specific structure of the cooling device is not detailed in the embodiment, and the cooling device can be cooled by water cooling or liquefied nitrogen. The device includes air supply 7, and the air supply adopts the gas cylinder in this embodiment, and the gas cylinder is connected with nozzle 9 through first gas circuit and is regarded as the protective gas in the metal deposition process, plays the guard action to sedimentary deposit metal and molten bath at the material increase deposition process. The air source is connected with a powder feeding device 5 through a second air path, the powder feeding device is communicated with corresponding powder feeding pipes through four pipelines, and the four pipelines can adopt hoses to convey powder in an air feeding mode. The apparatus also includes a wire feeder 6 for feeding wire into the wire feed tube.
In fig. 3, the outermost portion is the laser beam 26 that is shaped and output in a conical distribution, and the inner region has no laser distribution. The welding wire is in the central position, and the powder is respectively conveyed to the molten pool from four powder channels along a certain angle by taking the wire as the center. The filaments and powder are transported from the zone to the molten bath without contact with the laser during transport. Therefore, the laser is set in advance to emit light, laser beams reach the substrate after beam shaping and heat and melt the base metal to form a molten pool with a certain volume, and meanwhile, the filament powder is independently, stably and synchronously fed into the molten pool through the device designed by the invention, so that the laser additive manufacturing process of synchronously feeding the filament powder and the powder in coaxial light is realized. On the basis, the components of the powder and the wire can be adjusted to realize the high-efficiency defect-free preparation of the laser additive manufacturing in-situ alloying gradient or the metal matrix composite material.
The laser additive manufacturing device for coaxially feeding the filament powder greatly simplifies the complex process of the traditional filament powder mixing synchronous laser additive manufacturing and reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the additive manufacturing device, overcomes the performance function deficiency caused by single manufacturing and using of the filament powder in the traditional additive manufacturing material system, fully utilizes the respective advantages of the filament powder of the traditional additive manufacturing material system, and has obvious advantages in the realization of the in-situ alloying preparation of the gradient material and the composite material based on the device.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the number of wire feeding holes may be adjusted according to actual needs, for example, 3 or 5 or more.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a laser vibration material disk device of silk powder coaxial feed, includes the deposition head, its characterized in that: the deposition head comprises a shell, the shell comprises a transverse cylinder and a vertical cylinder, and an end touch nozzle is arranged inside the lower end of the vertical cylinder; the end part of the transverse cylinder body is provided with a collimating mirror for receiving a solid laser beam generated by a laser generator, a rotational symmetry prism is arranged at the downstream of the collimating mirror in the transverse cylinder body for shaping the solid laser beam into a circular Bessel laser beam, and a first coupling prism is arranged at the downstream of the rotational symmetry prism in the transverse cylinder body for converting the circular Bessel laser beam into two spaced Bessel laser beams in a semicircular distribution; the inner wall of the connecting corner of the transverse cylinder and the vertical cylinder is obliquely provided with a deflection mirror, the deflection mirror changes the Bessel laser beams which are emitted from the horizontal direction and are distributed in two semicircular rings at intervals into vertical direction and transmits downwards, a wire feeding hole and a powder feeding hole are arranged on a gap between the Bessel laser beams which are distributed in two semicircular rings on the deflection mirror, a wire feeding pipe connected with an end part touch nozzle is arranged in the wire feeding hole, a powder feeding pipe connected with the end part touch nozzle is arranged in the powder feeding hole, and a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding channel are arranged on the end part touch nozzle; a second coupling prism is arranged between the end touch nozzle and the deflection mirror inside the vertical cylinder body so as to recombine the two spaced Bessel laser beams which are distributed in a semicircular way into a complete circular laser beam; the lower end of the vertical cylinder is provided with an aspheric condenser lens on the outer side of the end part touch nozzle so as to change the annular laser beam into a conical laser beam to be emitted, and the outlet directions of the wire feeding nozzle and the powder feeding channel face the focus of the conical laser beam.
2. The laser additive manufacturing apparatus for coaxially feeding filament powder according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the powder feeding holes is more than three, and the powder feeding holes and the whole powder feeding holes are linearly distributed at the interval gap between the two semicircular distributed Bessel laser beams.
3. The laser additive manufacturing apparatus for coaxially feeding filament powder according to claim 2, wherein: the second coupling prism is provided with a first perforation through which the wire feeding pipe vertically passes and a second perforation through which each powder feeding pipe vertically passes; the powder feeding pipe comprises a rigid pipe part which is positioned above the second coupling prism and is connected with the corresponding second through hole and a hose part which is positioned between the second coupling prism and the end collision nozzle; the powder inlet of the powder feeding channel on the end part touch nozzle is uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the wire feeding pipe as the center.
4. The laser additive manufacturing apparatus for coaxially feeding filament powder according to claim 2, wherein: the number of the powder feeding holes is four, the number of the filament feeding holes is one, and the four powder feeding holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the filament feeding holes in pairs.
5. The laser additive manufacturing apparatus for coaxially feeding filament powder according to claim 1, wherein: each coupling prism comprises a hollow roof prism and a right-angle prism, the inclined surface of the right-angle prism is tightly bonded with the roof combination plane of the hollow roof prism, the hollow roof prism comprises two right-angle prism structures, the inclined surfaces of the two right-angle prism structures are not coated with reflection films, and laser blocking films are coated on the roof combination position; the right-angled vertex of the first coupling prism is positioned toward the outgoing direction of the laser beam, and the right-angled vertex of the second coupling prism is positioned toward the incoming direction of the laser beam.
6. The laser additive manufacturing apparatus in which wire powder is coaxially fed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the device includes the air supply, and the air supply is connected with the nozzle through first gas circuit and is regarded as the protective gas in the metal deposition process, and the air supply is connected with the powder feeding device through the second gas circuit, and the powder feeding device passes through the pipeline and feeds through with sending the powder pipe.
7. The laser additive manufacturing apparatus for coaxially feeding filament powder according to claim 6, wherein: the device also comprises a wire feeder for feeding the wire material into the wire feeding pipe.
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