CN114039832A - Multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for supersonic speed fast-changing channel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed fast-changing channel, which comprises the processes of MQAM modulation, constellation diagram expansion, DSTBC encoding, DSTBC decoding, constellation diagram expansion and MQAM demodulation. According to the invention, the constellation diagram after MQAM modulation is expanded, the position of a modulation signal in the constellation diagram is selected by using the signal power output by DSTBC coding signals, and the signal output power is accurately controlled, so that the transmission power is prevented from increasing or decreasing to certain extreme values due to coding, and the problem that the MQAM modulation mode cannot be applied to DSTBC coding is solved; under the supersonic speed quick change channel, the MQAM-DSTBC technology can be utilized, and the multi-antenna diversity performance can be achieved on the premise of high throughput rate, and the quick change of the channel can be adapted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed fast-changing channel.
Background
In wireless communication, particularly in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication, when OFDM is used in multi-antenna wireless communication, a multi-antenna MIMO technique is usually adopted, and particularly, a diversity technique using MIMO is adopted, which can provide system gain and good communication performance in a multipath interference scenario.
There are 2 general ways in MIMO diversity technology, the first is to use a way of transmitting pilot frequency and using space-time coding STBC, and measure channel state information at a receiving end by using pilot frequency information; the second one adopts differential space-time coding DSTBC technology, which does not need to send pilot frequency information or measure channel state information, and can successfully eliminate channel information and restore the sending information by using the unique decoding technology of DSTBC.
Aiming at the problem that when the pilot frequency and STBC technology is used for dealing with a supersonic change channel, the pilot frequency information needs to be inserted more densely to track the change of the channel in real time, so that the effect of the DSTBC can be equivalent to that of the DSTBC only by sending continuous pilot frequency information under the condition of dealing with the supersonic quick change channel, the defect is that the effective information is extremely reduced due to large overhead, but the DSTBC technology utilizes a differential structure of the DSTBC technology to eliminate the channel information in differential operation and can track the change of the channel in real time without adding extra overhead, and therefore the DSTBC technology has the characteristic of low overhead.
However, the prior DSTBC technology is only suitable for the MPSK modulation mode, that is, the modulation mode is required to be constant envelope modulation, and it is known that the distance between adjacent points in a constellation diagram of high-order MPSK modulation is relatively small, so that the corresponding demodulation can be completed only by a higher signal-to-noise ratio, which extremely affects the performance of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed fast-changing channel so as to solve the existing problems.
The invention provides a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed quick change channel, which comprises the following steps:
s10, modulating the bit data according to MQAM to obtain a constellation diagram;
s20, expanding the constellation map, wherein the expanded constellation points are called external constellation points, and the constellation points in the original constellation map are called internal constellation points;
s30, calculating the power of the encoded matrix data and DSTBC encoding for the inner constellation point and the outer constellation point, and outputting the DSTBC encoded matrix data;
s40, according to the DSTBC coded matrix data output in the step S30, the first row of the matrix data is used as the transmission data of the first antenna, and the second row of the matrix is used as the transmission data of the second antenna;
s50, the receiving end receives the data sent by the 2 antennas; for received data, dividing every 2 symbol data in each antenna into a group, constructing each group of data of 2 antennas into a 2 x 2 matrix, and carrying out DSTBC decoding on the 2 x 2 matrix to obtain a decoding matrix;
s60, selecting the first row of the decoding matrix as decoded data, performing MQAM constellation diagram expansion on the decoded data, and mapping external constellation points to internal constellation points;
and S70, demodulating the constellation points mapped in the step S60 according to MQAM to obtain a final result.
Further, the method for expanding the constellation diagram in step S20 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the constellation point number D of one row or one column in the periphery of the constellation diagram according to the M value of MQAM in step S10 by using the following formula:
D＝log2(M)；
s22, selecting the center points of 4 regions:
(1) according to the left column of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2 point from top to bottom as a central point of the region 1;
(2) selecting a D-2 point from right to left as a central point of the region 2 according to a row at the top end of the constellation diagram;
(3) according to the right column of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2 point from bottom to top as a central point of a region 3;
(4) selecting a D-2 point from left to right as a central point of the region 4 according to a bottom row of the constellation diagram;
s23, after removing the constellation points at the outermost periphery from the constellation diagram, sequentially subtracting the central points of the region 1, the region 2, the region 3 and the region 4 from each remaining constellation point to obtain 4 difference values;
s24, calculating the modulus of the 4 difference values obtained by each remaining constellation point, wherein the position of the minimum value of the modulus represents the region number to which the constellation point belongs;
s25, according to the region number obtained in the step S24, calculating an external mirror image constellation point by taking the real part of the region 1, the imaginary part of the region 2, the real part of the region 3 or the imaginary part of the region 4 as a symmetry axis, wherein the mirror image constellation point is an expanded constellation point and is called as an external constellation point; the constellation points in the constellation diagram obtained in the original step S10 are referred to as inner constellation points.
Further, step S30 includes the following sub-steps:
s31, in the constellation diagram obtained in step S10, every 2 constellation points are used as a group, and matrix mapping is performed on the constellation points in each group:
wherein, XkMapping a matrix obtained by the kth group of constellation points; x is the number ofk,1And xk,2Is a constellation point, x, in the k-th set of matricesk,1 *Represents a pair of constellation points xk,1Performing a conjugate operation, xk,2 *Represents a pair of constellation points xk,2Performing conjugation operation, wherein k is 1.., and N; n is half of the total data length of the constellation diagram and is also the total number of groups;
s32, carrying out DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping each group of constellation points according to the following formula:
Yk＝XkYk-1
wherein, YkMatrix data obtained by DSTBC coding of a matrix obtained by mapping the kth group of constellation points; y isk,1And yk,2Is matrix cell data, yk,1 *Representing cell data y for matrixk,1Performing a conjugate operation of yk,2 *Representing cell data y for matrixk,2Performing conjugation operation, wherein k is 1.., and N; n is half of the total data length of the constellation diagram and is also the total number of groups;
s33, carrying out DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points to obtain matrix data, and calculating the power of the coded matrix data according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the power, P, of the matrix cell datakPower of the encoded matrix data;
s34, defining an encoded initial matrix data Y0Encoded initial matrix data Y to be defined0Calculating the power of the encoded matrix data according to the formula of step S33, wherein the power of the matrix cell data in the power of the encoded matrix data corresponds to the position of the matrix cell data in the encoded matrix data, if the power of the matrix cell data is greater than or equal to 1, the position selects an inner constellation point, and the power of the encoded data is less than 1, the position selects an outer constellation point; obtaining matrix data Y obtained by DSTBC coding of matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points according to the selected inner constellation points and the selected outer constellation points1Then using the matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points to carry out DSTBC coding on the matrix data Y1And repeatedly executing the steps S32-S33, and repeating the steps in the same way to obtain matrix data obtained by DSTBC encoding of the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points of the 1 st group to the kth group.
Further, in step S50, the matrix constructed by each set of data of 2 antennas is represented as:
wherein R iskKth group data for 2 antennas, r1,2kFirst symbol representing kth group data of 1 st antenna, r1,2k+1Second symbol representing kth group data of 1 st antenna, r2,2kFirst symbol representing kth group data of 2 antennas, r2,2k+1A second symbol representing the kth group of data for the 2 nd antenna.
Further, the method for performing DSTBC decoding in step S50 includes:
Gk＝RkRk-1 -1
wherein G iskDecoding matrix for kth group of data for 2 antennas, Rk-1 -1The inverse matrix of the k-1 group of data for 2 antennas.
Further, the M value demodulated by MQAM in step S70 is the same as the M value modulated by MQAM in step S10.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the constellation diagram after MQAM modulation is expanded, the position of a modulation signal in the constellation diagram is selected by using the signal power output by DSTBC coding signals, and the signal output power is accurately controlled, so that the transmission power is prevented from increasing or decreasing to certain extreme values due to coding, and the problem that the MQAM modulation mode cannot be applied to DSTBC coding is solved; under the supersonic speed quick change channel, the MQAM-DSTBC technology can be utilized, and the multi-antenna diversity performance can be achieved on the premise of high throughput rate, and the quick change of the channel can be adapted.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-antenna high-order modulation method applied to a supersonic fast-varying channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a constellation diagram obtained by modulating according to 64QAM in the multi-antenna high-order modulation method applied to the supersonic fast-varying channel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a constellation diagram after modulation and expansion according to 64QAM in the multi-antenna high-order modulation method applied to the supersonic fast-varying channel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
In this embodiment, the M value in MQAM is 64 as an example, that is, 64QAM modulation is adopted, then modulation constellation is expanded, DSTBC encoding and decoding are performed, and finally despreading and demodulation are performed. As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic fast-varying channel, which includes the following steps:
s10, modulating the bit data according to 64QAM to obtain a constellation diagram as shown in fig. 2;
s20, expanding the constellation map, wherein the expanded constellation points are called external constellation points, and the constellation points in the original constellation map are called internal constellation points;
s21, calculating the constellation points D in one row or one column around the constellation diagram according to the M value of the 64QAM in the step S10, that is, the total number of constellation points 64 in the constellation diagram, using the following formula:
D＝log2(64)；
s22, selecting the center points of 4 regions:
(1) according to the left column of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2-4 point from top to bottom as a central point of the region 1, wherein the value of the central point is-0.9899-0.1414 i;
(2) according to a row at the top end of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2-4 point from right to left as a central point of the region 2, wherein the value of the central point is-0.1414 +0.9899 i;
(3) according to the right column of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2-4 point from bottom to top as a central point of the region 3, wherein the value of the central point is 0.9899+0.1414 i;
(4) according to the bottom row of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2-4 point from left to right as a central point of a region 4, wherein the value of the central point is 0.1414-0.9899 i;
s23, after removing the constellation point at the outermost periphery from the constellation diagram, sequentially subtracting the center points of the region 1, the region 2, the region 3, and the region 4 from each remaining constellation point to obtain 4 difference values:
subtracting the central point of the region 1 from each remaining constellation point to obtain an interpolation sub 1;
subtracting the central point of the region 2 from each remaining constellation point to obtain an interpolation sub 2;
subtracting the central point of the region 3 from each remaining constellation point to obtain an interpolation sub 3;
subtracting the central point of the region 4 from each remaining constellation point to obtain an interpolation sub 4;
s24, calculating modulus values of the 4 difference values sub1, sub2, sub3 and sub4 obtained from each remaining constellation point, wherein the position of the minimum value of the modulus values represents the region number to which the constellation point belongs;
s25, calculating an external mirror constellation point, which is an expanded constellation point and is called as an external constellation point, such as a small triangle shown in fig. 3, by using the real part of the region 1, the imaginary part of the region 2, the real part of the region 3, or the imaginary part of the region 4 as symmetry axes, respectively, according to the region number obtained in step S24; the constellation points in the constellation diagram obtained in the original step S10 are referred to as inner constellation points, such as the small black points shown in fig. 3.
S30, calculating the power of the encoded matrix data and DSTBC encoding for the inner constellation point and the outer constellation point, and outputting the DSTBC encoded matrix data:
s31, in the constellation diagram obtained in step S10, every 2 constellation points are used as a group, and matrix mapping is performed on the constellation points in each group:
wherein, XkMapping a matrix obtained by the kth group of constellation points; x is the number ofk,1And xk,2Is a constellation point, x, in the k-th set of matricesk,1 *Represents a pair of constellation points xk,1Performing a conjugate operation, xk,2 *Represents a pair of constellation points xk,2Performing conjugation operation, wherein k is 1.., and N; n is half of the total data length of the constellation diagram and is also the total number of groups;
s32, carrying out DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping each group of constellation points according to the following formula:
Yk＝XkYk-1
wherein, YkMatrix data obtained by DSTBC coding of a matrix obtained by mapping the kth group of constellation points; y isk,1And yk,2Is matrix cell data, yk,1 *Representing a pair matrix elementData yk,1Performing a conjugate operation of yk,2 *Representing cell data y for matrixk,2Performing conjugation operation, wherein k is 1.., and N; n is half of the total data length of the constellation diagram and is also the total number of groups;
s33, carrying out DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points to obtain matrix data, and calculating the power of the coded matrix data according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the power, P, of the matrix cell datakPower of the encoded matrix data;
s34, defining an encoded initial matrix data Y0，Y0Can be arbitrarily selected from 64 constellation points in the constellation diagram, thereby defining the encoded initial matrix data Y0：
The defined encoded initial matrix data Y0Calculating the power of the encoded matrix data according to the formula of step S33, wherein the power of the matrix cell data in the power of the encoded matrix data corresponds to the position of the matrix cell data in the encoded matrix data, if the power of the matrix cell data is greater than or equal to 1, the position selects an inner constellation point, and the power of the encoded data is less than 1, the position selects an outer constellation point; obtaining matrix data Y obtained by DSTBC coding of matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points according to the selected inner constellation points and the selected outer constellation points1Then using the matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points to carry out DSTBC coding on the matrix data Y1Repeating the steps S32-S33, and so on to obtain the 1 st to k th groups of starsAnd matrix data obtained by DSTBC coding of the matrix obtained by the seat point mapping.
S40, according to the DSTBC coded matrix data output in the step S30, the first row of the matrix data is used as the transmission data of the first antenna, and the second row of the matrix is used as the transmission data of the second antenna;
s50, the receiving end receives the data sent by the 2 antennas; for received data, dividing every 2 symbol data in each antenna into a group, constructing each group of data of 2 antennas into a 2 x 2 matrix, and carrying out DSTBC decoding on the 2 x 2 matrix to obtain a decoding matrix;
wherein, the matrix constructed by each group of data of 2 antennas is expressed as:
wherein R iskKth group data for 2 antennas, r1,2kFirst symbol representing kth group data of 1 st antenna, r1,2k+1Second symbol representing kth group data of 1 st antenna, r2,2kFirst symbol representing kth group data of 2 antennas, r2,2k+1A second symbol representing the kth group of data for the 2 nd antenna.
The DSTBC decoding method comprises the following steps:
Gk＝RkRk-1 -1
i.e. the inverse matrix of the kth group of data for 2 antennas multiplied by the kth-1 group of data for 2 antennas. Wherein G iskDecoding matrix for kth group of data for 2 antennas, Rk-1 -1The inverse matrix of the k-1 group of data for 2 antennas.
S60, selecting the first row of the decoding matrix as decoded data, performing MQAM constellation diagram expansion on the decoded data, and mapping external constellation points to internal constellation points;
and S70, demodulating the constellation points mapped in the step S60 according to 64QAM to obtain a final result.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed fast-changing channel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, modulating the bit data according to MQAM to obtain a constellation diagram;
s20, expanding the constellation map, wherein the expanded constellation points are called external constellation points, and the constellation points in the original constellation map are called internal constellation points;
s30, calculating the power of the encoded matrix data and DSTBC encoding for the inner constellation point and the outer constellation point, and outputting the DSTBC encoded matrix data;
s40, according to the DSTBC coded matrix data output in the step S30, the first row of the matrix data is used as the transmission data of the first antenna, and the second row of the matrix is used as the transmission data of the second antenna;
s50, the receiving end receives the data sent by the 2 antennas; for received data, dividing every 2 symbol data in each antenna into a group, constructing each group of data of 2 antennas into a 2 x 2 matrix, and carrying out DSTBC decoding on the 2 x 2 matrix to obtain a decoding matrix;
s60, selecting the first row of the decoding matrix as decoded data, performing MQAM constellation diagram expansion on the decoded data, and mapping external constellation points to internal constellation points;
and S70, demodulating the constellation points mapped in the step S60 according to MQAM to obtain a final result.
2. The method for modulating the high order with multiple antennas under the supersonic fast varying channel according to claim 1, wherein the method for expanding the constellation map in step S20 comprises the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the constellation point number D of one row or one column in the periphery of the constellation diagram according to the M value of MQAM in step S10 by using the following formula:
D＝log2(M)；
s22, selecting the center points of 4 regions:
(1) according to the left column of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2 point from top to bottom as a central point of the region 1;
(2) selecting a D-2 point from right to left as a central point of the region 2 according to a row at the top end of the constellation diagram;
(3) according to the right column of the constellation diagram, selecting a D-2 point from bottom to top as a central point of a region 3;
(4) selecting a D-2 point from left to right as a central point of the region 4 according to a bottom row of the constellation diagram;
s23, after removing the constellation points at the outermost periphery from the constellation diagram, sequentially subtracting the central points of the region 1, the region 2, the region 3 and the region 4 from each remaining constellation point to obtain 4 difference values;
s24, calculating the modulus of the 4 difference values obtained by each remaining constellation point, wherein the position of the minimum value of the modulus represents the region number to which the constellation point belongs;
s25, according to the region number obtained in the step S24, calculating an external mirror image constellation point by taking the real part of the region 1, the imaginary part of the region 2, the real part of the region 3 or the imaginary part of the region 4 as a symmetry axis, wherein the mirror image constellation point is an expanded constellation point and is called as an external constellation point; the constellation points in the constellation diagram obtained in the original step S10 are referred to as inner constellation points.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S30 includes the following sub-steps:
s31, in the constellation diagram obtained in step S10, every 2 constellation points are used as a group, and matrix mapping is performed on the constellation points in each group:
wherein, XkMapping a matrix obtained by the kth group of constellation points; x is the number ofk,1And xk,2Is a constellation point, x, in the k-th set of matricesk,1 *Represents a pair of constellation points xk,1Performing a conjugate operation, xk,2 *Represents a pair of constellation points xk,2Performing conjugation operation, wherein k is 1.., and N; n is half of the total data length of the constellation diagram and is also the total number of groups;
s32, carrying out DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping each group of constellation points according to the following formula:
Yk＝XkYk-1
wherein, YkMatrix data obtained by DSTBC coding of a matrix obtained by mapping the kth group of constellation points; y isk,1And yk,2Is matrix cell data, yk,1 *Representing cell data y for matrixk,1Performing a conjugate operation of yk,2 *Representing cell data y for matrixk,2Performing conjugation operation, wherein k is 1.., and N; n is half of the total data length of the constellation diagram and is also the total number of groups;
s33, carrying out DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points to obtain matrix data, and calculating the power of the coded matrix data according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the power, P, of the matrix cell datakPower of the encoded matrix data;
s34, defining an encoded initial matrix data Y0Encoded initial matrix data Y to be defined0Calculating the power of the encoded matrix data according to the formula of step S33, wherein the power of the matrix cell data in the power of the encoded matrix data corresponds to the position of the matrix cell data in the encoded matrix data, if the power of the matrix cell data is greater than or equal to 1, the position selects an inner constellation point, and the power of the encoded data is less than 1, the position selects an outer constellation point; obtaining matrix data Y obtained by DSTBC coding of matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points according to the selected inner constellation points and the selected outer constellation points1Then using the matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points to carry out DSTBC coding on the matrix data Y1And repeatedly executing the steps S32-S33, and repeating the steps in the same way to obtain matrix data obtained by DSTBC encoding of the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points of the 1 st group to the kth group.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the matrix constructed by each group of data of 2 antennas is represented as follows in step S50:
wherein R iskKth group data for 2 antennas, r1,2kFirst symbol representing kth group data of 1 st antenna, r1,2k+1Second symbol representing kth group data of 1 st antenna, r2,2kFirst symbol representing kth group data of 2 antennas, r2,2k+1A second symbol representing the kth group of data for the 2 nd antenna.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the DSTBC decoding in step S50 comprises:
Gk＝RkRk-1 -1
wherein G iskDecoding matrix for kth group of data for 2 antennas, Rk-1 -1The inverse matrix of the k-1 group of data for 2 antennas.
6. The method for modulating the multiple antennas at the supersonic speed varying channel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the M value demodulated according to MQAM in the step S70 is the same as the M value modulated according to MQAM in the step S10.
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