CN114034733A - Multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument - Google Patents
Multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034733A CN114034733A CN202111434829.9A CN202111434829A CN114034733A CN 114034733 A CN114034733 A CN 114034733A CN 202111434829 A CN202111434829 A CN 202111434829A CN 114034733 A CN114034733 A CN 114034733A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the related technical field of soil property detection equipment, and provides a multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument which comprises a PC (personal computer) end, a cable, a data acquisition unit, a power supply device, a signal stability enhancement device and a thermal conduction suction sensor, wherein the PC end, the cable, the data acquisition unit, the power supply device, the signal stability enhancement device and the thermal conduction suction sensor are connected through the cable, and the thermal conduction suction sensor comprises a circuit bottom plate and a detachable probe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil property detection equipment, in particular to a multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument.
Background
Soil bodies encountered in the geotechnical engineering construction process are mostly in an unsaturated state, such as slope engineering, foundation pit engineering, roadbed engineering and the like. The matrix suction can reflect the deformation property, the mechanical property and the permeability of unsaturated soil. In order to avoid engineering geological disasters caused by insufficient and inaccurate early reconnaissance design of the engineering, the matrix suction of unsaturated soil needs to be accurately measured to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the unsaturated soil, so that the accurate measurement of the matrix suction is very important in geotechnical engineering.
Since the moisture migration of soil in an unsaturated state is slow, it takes a long time to reach a moisture equilibrium state, and therefore, measuring the suction force of an unsaturated soil matrix is a time-consuming and troublesome process. At present, the matrix suction is measured by a laboratory test, such as a pressure plate method, a filter paper method and the like. The matrix suction of soil can accurately be obtained in the indoor experiment, but the experimental soil sample receives the disturbance easily in the transportation, and the indoor experiment needs higher operating specification, and the experimental period is long, therefore the indoor experiment result is difficult to apply to in the actual engineering. The tensiometer method can accurately and effectively measure the soil in-situ matrix suction, but has limited measuring range and certain limitation. Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to provide a multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument to overcome the shortcomings in the current practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument, aiming at solving the following problems: the existing measuring method has the problems of single function, inaccurate measurement, long time consumption, complex operation, inconvenience in carrying and the like.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument comprises: the device comprises a PC end, a cable, a data acquisition device, a power supply device, a signal stability augmentation device and a thermal conduction suction sensor, wherein the PC end, the cable, the data acquisition device, the power supply device, the signal stability augmentation device and the thermal conduction suction sensor are connected through the cable, and the thermal conduction suction sensor comprises a circuit bottom plate and a detachable probe.
As a further scheme of the invention: and the PC end is used for processing the temperature data uploaded by the data acquisition unit.
As a further scheme of the invention: the detachable probe is a metal probe or a ceramic probe, the metal probe is used for measuring the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient of soil, and the ceramic probe is used for measuring the suction of a soil matrix.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ceramic probe comprises a metal probe and a ceramic sleeve, the metal probe and the ceramic sleeve are filled with heat-conducting silicone grease, and two ends of the ceramic sleeve are sealed and isolated by epoxy resin.
As a further scheme of the invention: the detachable probe is internally and sequentially provided with a first heat insulation layer, a first temperature sensing element, a second heat insulation layer, a micro heater, a third heat insulation layer, a second temperature sensing element, a fourth heat insulation layer and a conical tip, wherein the first temperature sensing element, the micro heater, the second temperature sensing element and the cable are connected through a circuit bottom plate;
the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer are used for isolating the first temperature sensing element, and the third heat insulation layer and the fourth heat insulation layer are used for isolating the second temperature sensing element;
the conical tip is arranged at the top end of the detachable probe.
As a further scheme of the invention: the signal stability augmentation device comprises a signal enhancement device and a constant current regulator, and the signal enhancement device comprises an isolation amplifier and a filter;
the signal enhancement device is matched with the constant current regulator to realize stable system operation and optimized output signals;
the isolation amplifier is used for amplifying and isolating the temperature signal.
As a further scheme of the invention: the data acquisition unit comprises a sensor data interface, a UCB interface, an RS interface and a power supply interface.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has the advantages that the relation between the heat conductivity of the ceramic sleeve and the soil matrix suction is well established, reasonable and reliable measurement results can be generated in each soil suction range, and the measurement range is wide;
by adopting the method for measuring the in-situ matrix suction, the influence caused by soil salinity and atmospheric temperature change can be avoided, the external influence factors are small, and the measurement result is stable and accurate;
the invention adopts the signal stability augmentation device to process the output signal of the temperature sensing element, so that the temperature signal is accurate and stable; the constant current regulator in the instrument can compensate current difference caused by unstable voltage, environment change, overlong cable length and the like;
the ceramic bushing adopted by the invention has high compressive strength and strong wear resistance, can effectively deal with severe geotechnical engineering conditions and has good durability;
the invention has various functions and can simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusion coefficient and the substrate suction of soil;
the invention has simple operation, easy carrying, no need of real-time observation, remote monitoring through the PC end, automatic data storage and high working efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal probe and a ceramic probe in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-PC terminal, 2-cable, 3-data collector, 4-power supply device, 5-signal stability increasing device, 6-signal enhancing device, 7-filter, 8-isolation amplifier, 9-constant current regulator, 10-circuit bottom board, 11-first heat insulation layer, 12-first temperature sensing element, 13-second heat insulation layer, 14-micro heater, 15-third heat insulation layer, 16-second temperature sensing element, 17-fourth heat insulation layer, 18-conical tip, 19-thermal conductive suction force sensor, 20-detachable probe, 21-metal probe, 22-ceramic probe, 23-ceramic sleeve, 24-sensor data interface, 25-power interface, 26-UCB interface and 27-RS232 interface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention adopts a thermal conductivity method to measure the soil matrix suction, can effectively avoid the influence of the soil salt content and the atmospheric temperature, and can obtain the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusion coefficient of the soil while determining the matrix suction. Another advantage of the present invention is that data can be uploaded to the PC in time and monitored continuously and remotely.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a PC terminal 1, a cable 2, a data acquisition device 3, a power supply device 4, a signal stability increasing device 5, and a thermal conductive suction sensor 19, where the PC terminal 1, the cable 2, the data acquisition device 3, the power supply device 4, the signal stability increasing device 5, and the thermal conductive suction sensor 19 are connected by the cable 2, and the thermal conductive suction sensor 19 includes a circuit board 10 and a detachable probe 20.
In the embodiment of the invention, a stable power supply is provided for the whole device through the power supply device 4, the detection of the suction force of the soil matrix is realized through the matching arrangement of the circuit bottom plate 10 and the detachable probe 20, the signal stabilization device 5 plays a role in stabilizing the operation of the system and optimizing the output signal, the electric signal processed by the signal stabilization device 5 is collected and identified in real time through the data acquisition device 3, and the temperature data can be ensured to be processed and recorded in time and effectively fed back to the PC end 1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the detachable probe 20 is a metal probe 21 or a ceramic probe 22, the metal probe 21 is used for soil thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measurement, and the ceramic probe 22 is used for soil matrix suction measurement;
the ceramic probe 22 comprises a metal probe 21 and a ceramic sleeve 23, the metal probe 21 and the ceramic sleeve 23 are filled with heat-conducting silicone grease, and two ends of the ceramic sleeve 23 are sealed by epoxy resin;
a first heat insulation layer 11, a first temperature sensing element 12, a second heat insulation layer 13, a micro heater 14, a third heat insulation layer 15, a second temperature sensing element 16, a fourth heat insulation layer 17 and a conical tip 18 are sequentially arranged in the detachable probe 20, and the first temperature sensing element 12, the micro heater 14, the second temperature sensing element 16 and the cable 2 are connected through a circuit base plate 10;
the first heat insulation layer 11 and the second heat insulation layer 13 are used for isolating the first temperature sensing element 12, and the third heat insulation layer 15 and the fourth heat insulation layer 17 are used for isolating the second temperature sensing element 16;
the conical tip 18 is disposed at the top end of the detachable probe 20.
In the embodiment, the ceramic bushing 23 is made of porous ceramic with high porosity (> 60%), small pore size (<0.1mm) and uniform pore distribution, and the ceramic bushing 23 needs to have sufficient strength (>2MPa) to ensure sufficient durability under severe geotechnical conditions; the first temperature sensing element 12 and the second temperature sensing element 16 both adopt thermal resistance temperature sensing elements to ensure that the relationship between the output and the temperature can be accurately obtained; the isolation effect of the first thermal insulation layer 11, the second thermal insulation layer 13, the third thermal insulation layer 15 and the fourth thermal insulation layer 17 prevents the first temperature sensing element 12 and the second temperature sensing element 16 from being affected by internal components such as the micro heater 14 and the like, and ensures that the measured temperature of the soil/ceramic bushing 23 is real and effective; the conical tip 18 is intended for use in different geotechnical environments.
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the PC terminal 1 is configured to process temperature data uploaded by the data collector 3.
In the embodiment, the thermal conductivity and the matrix suction of the surrounding soil are calculated through the PC end 1, a large amount of in-situ data are recorded and stored in real time, and remote control, recording and monitoring can be realized through the PC end. The principle used for data processing is as follows:
1. the thermal conductivity calculation method comprises the following steps:
by adopting the theory of linear heat source, the initial temperature of the soil is recorded as T0After the soil is heated by the micro heater for T time, the soil temperature at the position r away from the heat source is T, namely the soil temperature space-time change can be expressed by the formula (1):
in the formula: r is a distance (m); t is the temperature (K); q is power (W); t is time(s); alpha is the thermal diffusivity (m)2S); λ is thermal conductivity (W/(m.K))
At sufficient heating time, equation (1) can be simplified to:
wherein: γ is the Euler constant, and is approximately 0.5772.
Simplifying the formula (2) into
ΔT＝T-T0＝A·lnt+B (3)
Wherein: slope of
Constant number
The thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity can be expressed as:
2. substrate suction force calculation method
The micro-heater 14 heats the metal probe 21 at a standard rate in a heating period, so that the temperature of the ceramic sleeve 23 outside the metal probe 21 is raised, because water is a better heat conductor than air, the temperature change of the ceramic sleeve 23 is closely related to the moisture content, and the moisture content of the ceramic sleeve 23 depends on the substrate suction force when the surrounding soil body and the ceramic sleeve 23 reach suction force balance, so the temperature change of the ceramic sleeve 23 in the heating period is in a functional relation with the substrate suction force of the surrounding soil body, namely, the only factor influencing the thermal conductivity of the ceramic sleeve 23 is the substrate suction force of the surrounding soil. As described above, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic bushing is in a function relationship with the matrix suction of the surrounding soil, so that after the thermal conductivity of the ceramic bushing is obtained by the formula (4), the matrix suction of the surrounding soil can be obtained by calling the established function of the thermal conductivity of the ceramic bushing and the matrix suction of the soil.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the signal stabilizing device 5 includes a signal enhancing device 6 and a constant current regulator 9, the signal enhancing device 6 includes an isolation amplifier 8 and a filter 7;
the signal enhancement device 6 is matched with the constant current regulator 9 to realize stable system operation and optimized output signals;
the isolation amplifier 8 is used for amplifying and isolating the temperature signal.
In this embodiment, the signal enhancement device 6 and the constant current regulator 9 cooperate to stabilize the system operation and optimize the output signal, thereby avoiding measurement errors caused by unstable voltage, external environment changes, and overlong length of the cable 2, etc., and simultaneously amplifying the output signals of the first temperature sensing element 12 and the second temperature sensing element 16, filtering unnecessary noise, ensuring the accuracy of data collection, amplifying and isolating the temperature signals through the isolation amplifier 8, filtering the unnecessary noise through the filter 7, ensuring that the constant current is maintained in the heating elements such as the micro-heater 14 through the constant current regulator 9, and compensating the resistance difference through the constant current when the cables 2 with different lengths are used.
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the data collector 3 includes a sensor data interface 24, a UCB interface 26, an RS232 interface 27, and a power interface 25; through the cooperation of the sensor data interface 24, the UCB interface 26, the RS232 interface 27 and the power interface 25, the electric signals processed by the signal enhancement device 6 are collected and identified in real time, and the temperature data can be timely processed, displayed and recorded and effectively fed back to the PC end 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the cable 2 is used for connecting each device, transmitting the electric energy provided by the power supply device 4 for each device, and transmitting the output signals of the first temperature sensing element 12, the second temperature sensing element 16, the signal enhancing device 6 and the data collector 3, and the length of the cable 2 can be adjusted to meet different geotechnical engineering sites.
In summary, the method comprises the following steps:
1. determining a test site, assembling an instrument and drilling to a target measurement depth;
2. preparing a detachable probe 20 and a standard sample of known thermal conductivity;
3. testing a standard sample with known thermal conductivity, and calibrating the instrument;
4. placing the detachable probe 20 at the borehole, setting the heating temperature, and the micro-heater 14 will continue to output heat;
5. the first temperature sensing element 12 and the second temperature sensing element 16 transmit the temperature signal to the PC end 1 through the cable 2, the signal stability increasing device 5 and the data acquisition device 3;
6. the PC end 1 calculates the soil thermal conductivity, the thermal diffusion coefficient and the matrix suction at the corresponding position through the steps.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a multi-functional unsaturated soil in situ matrix suction measuring apparatu, includes PC end and cable, its characterized in that still includes data collection station, power supply unit, signal and increases steady device and thermal conductance suction sensor, wherein PC end, cable, data collection station, power supply unit, signal increase steady device and thermal conductance suction sensor pass through the cable junction, thermal conductance suction sensor includes circuit bottom plate and can dismantle the probe.
2. The multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the PC end is used for processing temperature data uploaded by the data collector.
3. The multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the detachable probe is a metal probe or a ceramic probe, the metal probe is used for measuring soil thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, and the ceramic probe is used for measuring soil matrix suction.
4. The multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to claim 3, wherein the ceramic probe comprises a metal probe and a ceramic sleeve, the metal probe and the ceramic sleeve are filled with heat-conducting silicone grease, and two ends of the ceramic sleeve are sealed by epoxy resin.
5. The multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein a first heat-insulating layer, a first temperature sensing element, a second heat-insulating layer, a micro heater, a third heat-insulating layer, a second temperature sensing element, a fourth heat-insulating layer and a conical tip are sequentially arranged in the detachable probe, and the first temperature sensing element, the micro heater, the second temperature sensing element and the cable are connected through a circuit bottom plate;
the first heat insulation layer and the second heat insulation layer are used for isolating the first temperature sensing element, and the third heat insulation layer and the fourth heat insulation layer are used for isolating the second temperature sensing element;
the conical tip is arranged at the top end of the detachable probe.
6. The multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the signal stabilizing device comprises a signal enhancing device and a constant current regulator, and the signal enhancing device comprises an isolation amplifier and a filter;
the signal enhancement device is matched with the constant current regulator to realize stable system operation and optimized output signals;
the isolation amplifier is used for amplifying and isolating the temperature signal.
7. The multifunctional unsaturated soil in-situ matrix suction measuring instrument according to claim 1, wherein the data collector comprises a sensor data interface, a UCB interface, an RS interface and a power interface.
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