CN114031457A - Long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F292/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to inorganic materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, waste durian shells are used as basic raw materials and are treated by an acid-adding high-temperature high-pressure process to prepare biochar with larger specific surface area, and hydrophilic monomers are used for grafting modification of the biochar, so that a core coating material and a slow-release shell layer binder which have the functions of water absorption and slow release, low raw material cost and strong adsorption function are prepared; further granulating and drying part of the nitrogenous fertilizer particles and part of the potash fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer by using the prepared adhesive; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core; using the residual nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer powder, all phosphate fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, wrapping the slow-release core by using the prepared binder, and finally spraying a slow-release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow-release film; drying to obtain the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, in particular to a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fertilizer is a vital production material in agricultural production and is a material basis for increasing the yield of grains. In the 80 th of the 20 th century, the contribution rate of fertilizer application to the grain yield increase of China is about 46.3%, and the non-wear contribution is made for guaranteeing the grain safety of China. However, with the rapid development of the fertilizer industry and the increased dependence of farmers on fertilizers, the fertilizing amount is increased year by year, so that the side effects are gradually shown, and people are forced to think about the disadvantages caused by the large amount of fertilizers. First, high fertilization levels directly result in low fertilizer utilization, while grain yield is not significantly increased, resulting in severe resource waste and economic losses. Secondly, the phenomena of soil structure damage, soil hardening, plough layer shallowing and water and fertilizer retention capacity deterioration are increasingly serious due to the application of excessive chemical fertilizers, and meanwhile, the chemical fertilizers which are not utilized by soil and crops cause the problems of earth surface eutrophication, excessive nitrate nitrogen content in underground water and vegetables, increase of nitrous oxide emission and the like. Therefore, the improvement of the utilization rate of the fertilizer, the reduction of pollution caused by excessive fertilization and the development of sustainable and efficient agriculture become the common concern of the world.
Agricultural production practices show that the low fertilizer utilization rate is a common problem in fertilizer use due to the comprehensive influence of the fertilizer property and the soil environment condition. With the continuous improvement of the attention of human beings on the environment, health, sustainable utilization of natural resources and the like, the grain yield is ensured, meanwhile, the fertilizer loss is reduced to the maximum extent, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the ecological environment is protected.
The slow release fertilizer refers to a long-acting and efficient plant nutrient complex which has the nutrient release rate consistent with the fertilizer requirement rule of crops after being applied to soil, can adjust and control the supply intensity and the capacity of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and necessary trace elements by means of physical, chemical, biological and the like, and can achieve the effect of supplementing fertilizers and relieving urgency. The slow-release fertilizer can slowly release nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of crops, so that the defect that the conventional instant fertilizer is easy to run off is effectively overcome, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, and the environmental pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer is effectively reduced.
Despite the rapid development of new slow release fertilizer technologies in recent years, a number of technical problems still exist. The slow-release and controlled-release material is complex in production process and high in price, so that the price of the slow-release fertilizer is high, most polymer coating materials in the market at present are nondegradable high-molecular polymers synthesized by a chemical method, and the coating materials remained in soil are not easy to degrade after the release of the fertilizer is exhausted along with the increase of the demand of modern agriculture for the coated slow-release fertilizer, so that the soil structure is easily damaged, and the soil is polluted by successive years of application. These problems have been the outstanding problems in the production of slow release fertilizers, and directly affect the production cost, selling price and application effect of the biological compound fertilizer. In summary of the current research situation, we can easily see that a key direction of slow release fertilizer research is to develop a novel coated fertilizer with good slow release and control effect, low cost, simple preparation process and environmental friendliness.
Durian is a common tropical fruit, and the fruit shell of durian contains a large amount of nutrient substances, so that durian is a reusable agricultural resource. The weight of the durian shell accounts for 50% of the dead weight of the durian shell, the yield of the durian per year is more than 160 million tons according to statistics, and the discarded durian shell waste accounts for nearly million tons. If can carry out rational utilization to it, not only can solve the pollution problem of abandonment durian shell, can realize the high-efficient utilization of abandonment agricultural resource moreover. The durian shell mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and is a good raw material for preparing the biomass adsorbent. Although the direct returning of the shells to the field can improve the organic matters of the soil, improve the granular structure of the soil and play a role in water and fertilizer conservation, the degradation speed of fibrous tissues in the unmodified shells is low, and CH is easily generated after the degradation of the organic matters4And CO2And the like. At present, carbonization treatment of cellulose waste is gradually accepted and favored by people as a novel environment-friendly treatment mode, and the prepared biochar also becomes a trend in slow release fertilizers. However, in the current literature and patent, the biochar is only simply mixed and granulated with inorganic/organic fertilizer, and the full efficacy of the biochar is not fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing slow-release fertilizer has certain slow-release and controlled-release effect, but cannot meet the requirement of the plant on nutrients in the initial growth stage, and has high price, complex production process, high technical requirement on production equipment, poor mechanical property, poor degradation performance and easy secondary pollution; provides a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer with low cost, degradable membrane material and good controlled-release performance and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is implemented according to the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing charcoal powder from durian shells;
s2, modifying the charcoal powder by using a hydrophilic monomer solution to prepare a slow-release coating solution and a binder;
s3, granulating and drying part of the nitrogen fertilizer particles and part of the potassium fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer by using the prepared adhesive according to the mass ratio; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core;
s4, taking the residual nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer powder, all phosphate fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, wrapping the slow-release inner core by using the prepared binder, and finally spraying a slow-release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow-release film; drying to obtain the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer.
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, the step S1 specifically comprises the steps of:
s11, removing dirt and impurities from the durian shell, cutting the durian shell into blocks, drying the blocks in an oven, uniformly spraying 40-80% sulfuric acid solution on the surfaces of the blocks after drying, and repeating the steps for 3 times;
s12, then placing the mixture into a polypropylene bag, placing the polypropylene bag into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and treating the mixture for 60 to 120min at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ under the pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa;
s13, drying in an oven after treatment, putting the dried blocky durian shell in a muffle furnace for carbonization at the temperature of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ for 120-180 min, cooling, taking out and crushing to obtain the charcoal powder.
As a further preferable scheme of the invention, the specific steps for preparing the slow-release coating liquid are as follows:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 1-5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a first hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 5-20 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 0.5-2% of the total weight of the first hydrophilic monomer solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60-85 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain the slow-release coating liquid.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of preparing the binder are as follows:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 1-5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and stirring uniformly to obtain a second hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 10-30 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 0.5-2% of the total weight of the second hydrophilic monomer solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60-85 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain the binder.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than 80 mesh.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, said durian shell is cut into small pieces each having a length and width of 1-2 cm.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the method.
The agricultural waste such as durian shells is used as a main raw material, acidizing is carried out on the agricultural waste by using an acid solution, pretreatment is carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the crystalline structure of cellulose is changed, the agricultural waste is carbonized to form a plurality of pore structures, the adsorption capacity of biomass carbon is enhanced, acrylamide and the like are used as hydrophilic monomers, the biomass carbon is modified by adopting an in-situ polymerization method, the modified biomass carbon is used as an adhesive to improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the fertilizer, the modified biomass carbon has more excellent adsorption performance, and more water-soluble fertilizers in soil can be adsorbed; the slow release film can be used as a coating material to effectively prolong the release period of the instant fertilizer, and can be prepared into slow release films with different release rates by adjusting the type of hydrophilic monomers, the molecular weight of monomer polymerization and the using amount of biomass carbon, so that the slow release films are more suitable for being used as a binding material and a coating material in a compound fertilizer, and further, part of nitrogen fertilizer particles and part of potassium fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer are granulated by using the prepared binding agent and dried; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core; using the residual nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer powder, all phosphate fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, wrapping the slow-release core by using the prepared binder, and finally spraying a slow-release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow-release film; drying to obtain the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the preparation method takes waste durian shells as basic raw materials, treats the waste durian shells through an acid-adding high-temperature high-pressure process to prepare biochar with a large specific surface area, and performs graft modification on the biochar by using a hydrophilic monomer to prepare the core coating material and the sustained-release shell layer binder which have the functions of water absorption and sustained release, low raw material cost and strong adsorption.
(2) The durian shell is rich in coumarins, phenols, triterpenes, glycosides and other compounds, and after carbonization, the substances form a complex multi-aromatic ring structure and a non-aromatic ring structure, and have numerous pores and a huge specific surface area. The charcoal prepared from the durian shells not only has nutrient elements required by crops, but also has strong adsorption capacity. The biochar is grafted and modified in an in-situ polymerization manner, so that the biochar is endowed with better film-forming property and water-retaining capacity, can adsorb instant fertilizers, can provide a beneficial living environment for soil microorganisms, increases the content of organic matters in soil, improves the fertility, improves the soil structure and improves the yield and the quality of crops.
(3) The method has the outstanding characteristics of mild reaction conditions, economy, reasonability, simplicity, high efficiency, environmental friendliness and the like; the problems that the inorganic coated fertilizer has poor hardness, the surface of the film layer has large pores, nutrients are easy to dissolve out quickly, and the film layer is easy to fall off in the storage or transportation process and the like can be effectively solved; meanwhile, the defects that the cost of organic coating materials is high, the coating process is complex, and the polymer shell residues are not easy to degrade and easily cause environmental pollution can be avoided, and a new way is opened up for improving the utilization rate of fertilizers and developing high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer of the invention.
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of charcoal powder obtained in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows N in the charcoal powder obtained in example 3 of the present invention2Isothermal adsorption isotherm.
FIG. 5 is a DFT pore size distribution diagram of charcoal powder prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an SEM photograph of fertilizer granules with outer slow release films formed according to example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the water absorption of the membrane material (binder) prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the effect of different soil water contents on the dissolution of nitrogen in the long-acting compound slow-release fertilizer prepared in this example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a corn slow-release fertilizer is taken as an example to prepare a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and the preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparing charcoal powder by using durian shells:
1) removing dirt and impurities from durian fruit shells, cutting into small pieces with length and width of 2cm, drying in an oven, uniformly spraying 40% sulfuric acid solution on the surfaces of the fruit shells, and repeating for 3 times;
2) then placing into polypropylene bags, placing into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and treating at 120 deg.C under 0.3MPa for 60 min;
3) drying in an oven after treatment, putting the dried blocky durian shell in a muffle furnace for carbonization at 300 ℃ for 120min, cooling, taking out and crushing to ensure that the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than 80 meshes to obtain the charcoal powder;
(2) modifying the charcoal powder by using a hydrophilic monomer solution to prepare a slow-release coating liquid and a binder:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 1 part by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a first hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 5 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the first hydrophilic monomer solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 5 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain a slow-release coating liquid;
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 1 part by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a second hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 30 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 2% of the total weight of the second hydrophilic monomer solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain a binder;
(3) granulating 70% of nitrogen fertilizer particles and 5% of potassium fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer by using the prepared adhesive according to the mass ratio, and drying; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core;
(4) coating the slow release inner core with the prepared binder by using 30% of the residual nitrogen fertilizer, 95% of potassium fertilizer powder, all phosphorus fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, and finally spraying a slow release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow release film; drying to obtain the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a corn slow-release fertilizer is taken as an example to prepare a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and the preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparing charcoal powder by using durian shells:
1) removing dirt and impurities from durian fruit shell, cutting into small pieces with length and width of 1.5cm, oven drying, uniformly spraying 80% sulfuric acid solution on the surface of the fruit shell, and repeating for 3 times;
2) then placing into a polypropylene bag, placing into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and treating for 90min at 140 ℃ under the condition of 0.4 MPa;
3) drying in an oven after treatment, placing the dried blocky durian shell in a muffle furnace for carbonization at 400 ℃ for 150min, cooling, taking out and crushing to ensure that the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than 80 meshes to obtain the charcoal powder;
(2) modifying the charcoal powder by using a hydrophilic monomer solution to prepare a slow-release coating liquid and a binder:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a first hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 20 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 1% of the total weight of the first hydrophilic monomer solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 8 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 85 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain a slow-release coating liquid;
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and stirring uniformly to obtain a second hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 30 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 2% of the total weight of the second hydrophilic monomer solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 8 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 85 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain a binder;
(3) granulating 70% of nitrogen fertilizer particles and 5% of potassium fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer by using the prepared adhesive according to the mass ratio, and drying; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core;
(4) coating the slow release inner core with the prepared binder by using 30% of the residual nitrogen fertilizer, 95% of potassium fertilizer powder, all phosphorus fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, and finally spraying a slow release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow release film; drying to obtain the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a corn slow-release fertilizer is taken as an example to prepare a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and the preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparing charcoal powder by using durian shells:
1) removing dirt and impurities from durian fruit shells, cutting into small pieces with length and width of 1cm, drying in an oven, uniformly spraying 60% sulfuric acid solution on the surfaces of the fruit shells, and repeating for 3 times;
2) then placing into polypropylene bags, placing into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and processing for 90min at 150 ℃ under 0.5 MPa;
3) drying in an oven after treatment, putting the dried blocky durian shell in a muffle furnace for carbonization at 500 ℃ for 180min, cooling, taking out and crushing to ensure that the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than 80 meshes to obtain the charcoal powder; FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the charcoal powder obtained in the present example, and FIG. 4 is a view showing N in the charcoal powder obtained in the present example2Isothermal adsorption isotherm, fig. 5 is DFT pore size distribution diagram of charcoal powder prepared in this example;
as can be seen in FIG. 3, the carbon powder particles have pores of different sizes distributed on the surface; as can be seen from FIG. 4, when the relative pressure is low, the adsorption isotherm of the carbon powder rises rapidly, and when the relative pressure reaches 0.4, the acceleration is accelerated, which indicates that the pores of the prepared carbon material are mainly mesoporous; the data in FIG. 5 also confirm that the pore size distribution of the carbon powder is mainly in the range around 20 nm.
(2) Modifying the charcoal powder by using a hydrophilic monomer solution to prepare a slow-release coating liquid and a binder:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 2 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a first hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 10 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 1% of the total weight of the first hydrophilic monomer solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 75 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain a slow-release coating liquid;
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 3 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a second hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 20 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 2% of the total weight of the second hydrophilic monomer solution, ultrasonically dispersing for 10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 75 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain a binder;
(3) granulating 70% of nitrogen fertilizer particles and 5% of potassium fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer by using the prepared adhesive according to the mass ratio, and drying; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core;
(4) the method comprises the steps of taking 30% of residual nitrogen fertilizer, 95% of potassium fertilizer powder, all phosphorus fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, wrapping a slow-release inner core by using a prepared binder, and finally spraying a slow-release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow-release film, wherein fig. 6 is an SEM image of the fertilizer particles forming the outer slow-release film, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the coating layer of the fertilizer is compact, carbon powder is uniformly distributed, and the formed aperture is small and the number of holes is large. The surface appearance of the sample greatly increases the specific surface area of the sample, thereby facilitating the penetration of water molecules into a polymer network structure and enabling the fertilizer to be slowly released from the film;
and (3) drying to prepare the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, wherein fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the embodiment.
Furthermore, the water absorption of the membrane material (binder) and the permeability of the nitrogen fertilizer of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment are measured to study the physical characteristics of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer, and meanwhile, a crop planting test is carried out through a field test, and the fertilizer efficiency and the influence on the soil nutrient environment of the fertilizer are systematically evaluated.
The water absorption rate of the membrane material (binder) prepared by mixing biomass charcoal with different amounts and membrane material is changed greatly, the membrane with certain thickness is cut into small pieces of 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the small pieces are immersed in distilled water at 30 ℃, the membrane is taken out every 30min and taken out by using forceps, the residual water on the membrane is absorbed by using filter paper, and at the moment, the membrane after water absorption is weighed and the water absorption performance is calculated. Three samples were run in parallel and averaged. The water absorption calculation formula is as follows:
fig. 7 shows the water absorption of the membrane material (binder) prepared in this example.
The water content in the soil not only destroys the permeability inside and outside the coated slow-release urea film, but also influences the water solubility of the coated material, so that the nitrogen is permeated and dissolved out. The nitrogen dissolution characteristic of the coated slow-release urea is measured by adopting an earth pillar leaching experiment and is respectively in the value of w (H)2O) of the long-acting compound slow-release fertilizer prepared in this example, was subjected to soil dissolution experiments under conditions of 20%, 40%, and 60%, and fig. 8 shows the effect of different soil water contents on nitrogen dissolution of the long-acting compound slow-release fertilizer prepared in this example.
The field test is carried out in the Suseinhua division base of agricultural science institute of Heilongjiang province, the corn variety is Dongnong 264, and the field test is divided into a biomass charcoal-based slow-release fertilizer test area (CM, N11 kg/mu, P)2O55 kg/mu, K2O54 kg/mu) and a conventional fertilization area (CG, N14 kg/mu, P)2O55 kg/mu, K2O54 kg/mu) and a no-fertilizer blank control area (CK), randomly arranged and repeated for three times. Sowing the seeds at 5 months and 20 days, and harvesting the seeds at 9 months and 30 days. The corn from the entire plot was measured after drying in the open air as shown in the following table:
the yield of the corn can be obviously improved by applying the fertilizer, and the yield of a conventional fertilizing area (CG) is increased by 23.24 percent compared with a non-fertilizing blank area (CK) in the test; the carbon-based slow release fertilizer area (CM) reduces the N fertilizer dosage by 21.42 percent, but still increases the yield by 9.67 percent compared with the conventional fertilizer area (CG).
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing charcoal powder from durian shells;
s2, modifying the charcoal powder by using a hydrophilic monomer solution to prepare a slow-release coating solution and a binder;
s3, granulating and drying part of the nitrogen fertilizer particles and part of the potassium fertilizer powder in the compound fertilizer by using the prepared adhesive according to the mass ratio; then the prepared slow-release coating liquid is sprayed to coat the granules, and the granules are dried to prepare a slow-release core;
s4, taking the residual nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer powder, all phosphate fertilizer powder and trace elements in the compound fertilizer as shell materials, wrapping the slow-release inner core by using the prepared binder, and finally spraying a slow-release coating liquid on the surfaces of fertilizer particles to form an outer slow-release film; drying to obtain the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises the following steps:
s11, removing dirt and impurities from the durian shell, cutting the durian shell into blocks, drying the blocks in an oven, uniformly spraying 40-80% sulfuric acid solution on the surfaces of the blocks after drying, and repeating the steps for 3 times;
s12, then placing the mixture into a polypropylene bag, placing the polypropylene bag into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and treating the mixture for 60 to 120min at the temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ under the pressure of 0.3 to 0.5 MPa;
s13, drying in an oven after treatment, putting the dried blocky durian shell in a muffle furnace for carbonization at the temperature of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ for 120-180 min, cooling, taking out and crushing to obtain the charcoal powder.
3. The preparation method of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of preparing the slow-release coating liquid are as follows:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 1-5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and uniformly stirring to obtain a first hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 5-20 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 0.5-2% of the total weight of the first hydrophilic monomer solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60-85 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain the slow-release coating liquid.
4. The preparation method of the long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete steps of preparing the binder are as follows:
weighing 10 parts by weight of acrylamide and 1-5 parts by weight of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, adding 80 parts by weight of water, dissolving and stirring uniformly to obtain a second hydrophilic monomer solution, adding 10-30 parts by weight of charcoal powder and an initiator accounting for 0.5-2% of the total weight of the second hydrophilic monomer solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 5-10 minutes, and completely transferring to a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60-85 ℃ to react until the solution is viscous to obtain the binder.
5. The method for preparing a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than 80 meshes.
6. The method for preparing a long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the durian shell is cut into small pieces each having a length and a width of 1-2 cm.
7. A long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN202111339680.6A Pending CN114031457A (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115141044A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-04 | 湖南省辰河生态农业科技股份有限公司 | Organic fertilizer special for kiwi fruits |
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| CN106673830A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 盐城工学院 | Three-layer enveloping type high-water-absorption slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108264398A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-10 | 广西大学 | A kind of preparation method of bagasse base Slow release organic fertilizer |
| CN108786725A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽省齐岗农业发展有限公司第分公司 | A kind of preparation method of biological carbon for rehabilitating soil environment |
| CN109401757A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-01 | 安徽建筑大学 | A kind of modified biomass charcoal, preparation method and application for reducing soil available chromium |
| CN110437014A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 拉多美（宁陵）化肥有限公司 | A kind of humic acid potassium Selenium-rich composite fertilizer and preparation method |
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| CN106673830A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 盐城工学院 | Three-layer enveloping type high-water-absorption slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108264398A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-10 | 广西大学 | A kind of preparation method of bagasse base Slow release organic fertilizer |
| CN108786725A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-13 | 安徽省齐岗农业发展有限公司第分公司 | A kind of preparation method of biological carbon for rehabilitating soil environment |
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| CN110437014A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-12 | 拉多美（宁陵）化肥有限公司 | A kind of humic acid potassium Selenium-rich composite fertilizer and preparation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115141044A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-04 | 湖南省辰河生态农业科技股份有限公司 | Organic fertilizer special for kiwi fruits |
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