CN114031431A - Humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and method and application thereof - Google Patents
Humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114031431A CN114031431A CN202111627822.9A CN202111627822A CN114031431A CN 114031431 A CN114031431 A CN 114031431A CN 202111627822 A CN202111627822 A CN 202111627822A CN 114031431 A CN114031431 A CN 114031431A
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Abstract
A humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues and a method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural waste biomass composting. The pig manure compost rich in humic acid is prepared by adding wine grape skin residues into air-dried pig manure as a compost humification promoter, mixing and fermenting. The invention also provides a preparation method of the pig manure compost rich in humic acid, which comprises the following steps: (1) respectively crushing and sieving air-dried pig manure and air-dried wine grape skin residues, uniformly mixing, adding corn straws to adjust C/N, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a composting raw material; (2) and (3) placing the compost raw materials in a fermentation tank for fermentation culture for 15-20 days, then air-drying at room temperature, and storing at 4 ℃ to obtain the pig manure compost rich in humic acid. The composting material guide promoter vintage grape skin residue is derived from agricultural biomass waste, is a non-chemical reagent and can be used as a raw material to participate in and accelerate the composting process of pig manure, prolong the high-temperature time of compost and improve the quality of humic acid in compost products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste biomass composting, and particularly relates to humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues, and a method and application thereof.
Background
Composting is the process of decomposing degradable organic matters in compost in an aerobic environment, and polymerizing the generated micromolecular substances into stable macromolecular humus through chemical conversion. The traditional natural compost has the problems of incomplete humification of compost and low humic acid content of products. The pig manure aerobic composting integrates the treatment of agricultural wastes and the production of organic fertilizers, conforms to the direction of agricultural sustainable development, and is widely popularized and applied. However, the current pig manure aerobic composting method has the problems of low compost quality, low humification degree and the like. At present, the key to improve the quality of pig manure compost products is to improve the compost fertilizer efficiency.
In terms of fertilizer efficiency, humic acid in the organic fertilizer has the properties of enhancing soil fertility and promoting quality improvement, production increase and efficiency increase of crops. Researches show that humification reaction promoted by polyphenol compounds is a main way for forming humic acid substances in nature, and agricultural wastes, namely the wine-making auxiliary grape skin residue rich in polyphenols, are concerned by the unique composition rich in polyphenols. The wine grape skin residue has high value utilization rate, and the wine grape skin residue with low nutrition has become a key and main way for fertilizing the nutrient loss of the grape planting soil. The fertilizer containing grape polyphenols is beneficial to yield increase and quality improvement of crops, and compared with other crop wastes, the wine grape skin residue has unique high-content polyphenols, and particularly, the polyphenol content of the fermented wine grape skin residue is further improved and stabilized. Analysis on the composition characteristics of the wine grape skin residues shows that the content of polyphenol in the wine grape skin residues is about 5% -12%, and the polyphenol is helpful for promoting the humification process and improving the quality of compost products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to design and provide the pig manure compost rich in humic acid prepared from wine grape skin residues and the method and application thereof. According to the invention, the wine grape skin residues for promoting humification are added into the pig manure compost, so that the humification process can be accelerated, and the humic acid quality of the compost product is improved.
The humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from the wine grape skin residues is characterized by being prepared by adding the wine grape skin residues into air-dried pig manure as a compost humification promoting agent, mixing and fermenting. The grape skin residue is grape skin residue as byproduct of grape wine production, such as grape skin residue from Shangri-La grape wine factory.
The humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from the wine grape skin residues is characterized in that the mass ratio of the air-dried pig manure to the wine grape skin residues is 1-4: 1, the water content of the humic acid-rich pig manure compost is 23-30%, and the temperature is 25-72 ℃. The volume of the stockpile is reduced by 30-50%.
The preparation method of the humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from the wine grape skin residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(3) respectively crushing and sieving air-dried pig manure and air-dried wine grape skin residues, uniformly mixing, adding corn straws to adjust C/N, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a composting raw material;
(4) and (2) placing the compost raw material obtained in the step (1) in a fermentation tank for fermentation culture for 15-20 days, then placing at room temperature for air drying, and storing at 4 ℃ to obtain the pig manure compost rich in humic acid.
The preparation method is characterized in that the mass ratio of the air-dried pig manure to the air-dried wine grape skin residue in the step (1) is 1-4: 1, the preferable mass ratio is 3:2, and the water content of the air-dried wine grape skin residue is 1.57-12.75% by mass.
The preparation method is characterized in that in the step (1), the compost is crushed to a particle size of less than 3cm, C/N is adjusted to 25-35, and the water content of the compost raw material is 60-65%.
The preparation method is characterized in that the bottom of the fermentation tank in the step (2) is provided with an aeration pipe connected with an aeration air pump.
The preparation method is characterized in that the aeration pipe is provided with aeration holes with the diameter less than 0.2mm, and the aeration holes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fermentation tank at equal intervals of 20-30 cm to 20-30 cm.
The preparation method is characterized in that the conditions of fermentation culture in the step (2) are as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the first pile turning time in the fermentation culture process is 0-3 d, the aeration frequency is 2 d/time, and after the temperature changes to 55-65 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 1-2 d/time, and the aeration frequency is 1 d/time. Promoting the full decomposition of organic matters.
The preparation method is characterized in that the flux of aeration is 0.2-0.5 m3/d。
The pig manure compost rich in humic acid prepared from the wine grape skin residue is applied to organic fertilizers.
The fermentation period of the compost raw materials is subjected to a temperature rising stage, a high temperature stage and a temperature reduction stage, and the method comprises the following steps:
a temperature rising stage: the temperature of the compost raw materials is continuously increased within 3-4 d, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃, microorganisms are vigorously bred by utilizing soluble organic matters in the compost, and the temperature is continuously increased.
And (3) high-temperature stage: when the temperature of the compost is increased to be more than 45 ℃, the compost enters a high-temperature stage, the temperature of the compost raw materials is slightly changed within 6-14 d, and the temperature is kept at 55-66 ℃. As the specific phenolic substances of the wine grape pomace can be converted into the quinone substances, the quinone substances are used as the intermediate products in the humification process and can be polymerized with the polyphenol substances to form the humic acid containing the aromatic ring structure, thereby promoting the humification of the organic substances.
And (3) cooling: the temperature of the compost raw materials is gradually reduced to room temperature within 15-20 days, compost organic matters are further decomposed in the cooling process, humic acid is continuously increased, and the yield tends to be stable.
In the process of the invention, the highest temperature of the stockpile can reach 66 ℃, and the requirement of killing harmful microorganisms is met. The obtained compost has good physicochemical properties, and the heavy metal content of the grape skin residues after composting is further reduced than that of the grape skin residues before composting, thereby meeting the relevant requirements of the industry standard organic fertilizer (NY 525-2021).
The humification degree of the compost is measured by measuring the content and the proportion of humic acid and fulvic acid in the compost in the fermentation period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the composting material guide promoter wine grape skin residue adopted by the invention is derived from agricultural biomass waste, is a non-chemical reagent, is purely natural and pollution-free, and can be used as a raw material to participate in and accelerate the composting process of pig manure, prolong the high-temperature time of compost and improve the quality of humic acid in compost products. After the wine grape skin residues are added, the humic acid content of the compost product is improved by 50-70% compared with that of the original pig manure compost.
2. The invention is rich in humic acid pig manure compost, obviously improves the humification rate, reduces the compost operation cost, can be directly used in land without secondary compost, reduces secondary pollution and effectively promotes the pig manure composting efficiency. The method is simple to operate, can save the operation cost, and has important significance for improving the added value of agricultural products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of humic acid content of compost with time in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the fulvic acid content of the heap of example 1 as a function of time;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of humic acid content of compost with time in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the fulvic acid content of the heap in example 2 as a function of time;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the degree of polymerization of humic substances in the compost with respect to composting time in example 3;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the humification index content of the compost in example 3 as a function of composting time.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1:
the materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available.
The preparation method of the compost specifically comprises the following steps, and the flow chart of the method is shown in figure 1:
(1) pretreatment of compost material
Respectively crushing the pig manure and the wine grape skin residues into particles with the particle size of less than 2cm, then proportioning according to the weight ratio of 3:2, adding corn straws to adjust the C/N ratio, putting the mixture into a barrel type mixer to stir for 15 minutes, and obtaining a compost after uniformly mixing.
(2) Piling of the stockpile
And (2) stacking the compost obtained in the step (1) in a fermentation box, wherein the height of the compost raw material pile in the fermentation box is 0.5m, the pile length is 0.6m, the width is 0.5m, an aeration pipe connected with an air pump is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank, the diameter of each pipe hole is 6mm, aeration holes are arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank at intervals of 20cm and 20cm, the compost raw materials are manually turned in the fermentation process, and the air supply amount of the compost is controlled according to the fermentation time and temperature.
(3) Stockpile fermentation period
Taking the mixture obtained in the step (1) as a substrate, fully mixing, performing aerobic fermentation at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, monitoring the temperature change condition in the fermentation process, and performing first pile turning for 1-2 days, wherein the time interval between each pile turning and the previous pile turning is 2-3 days; and collecting the stockpiling samples every 3-5 days and detecting the content of humic acid and fulvic acid in the samples. Fermenting for 15-20 days.
The fermentation period is divided into a temperature rise stage, a high temperature stage and a temperature reduction stage.
A temperature rising stage: the temperature of the compost raw materials is continuously increased within 3-4 days, the growth of microorganisms is vigorous in the temperature rise stage, the compost body is 30cm after 4 days of composting, and the deep temperature is 65-70 ℃.
And (3) high-temperature stage: from the 4 th day, the compost raw material is maintained at the temperature of 55-66 ℃ for 8 days, the temperature of 40cm of the compost can reach the temperature of 66 ℃, in the high-temperature process, phenols generated by degradation of wine grape skin residues in the compost body are converted into quinone-based substances which can be used as intermediate substances for humification reaction of the compost, the formation of humic acid can be promoted, and the compost is fermented for 11 days.
And (3) cooling: after the high-temperature stage is finished, the temperature of the 30cm deep part of the compost body is 40-50 ℃, the water content of the compost raw material is 31%, and the volume of the compost body is reduced by about 30%. Humic acid is continuously increased and tends to be stabilized at this stage.
(4) Composting and decomposing
The compost products are granulated and packaged, meet the industrial standard organic fertilizer (NY525-2021), and can be directly used as organic fertilizer or soil conditioner. In example 1, when the pig manure: the proportion of the wine grape skin residues is 3:2, after the mixed materials are composted for 20 days, compared with the pig manure, the humic acid content in the composted wine grape skin residues is increased by 20.12% and 45.01%, as shown in figure 2. The fulvic acid content ratio is shown in figure 3.
(5) Measurement method
And (5) obtaining a finished fertilizer after composting, wherein the water content is 23-30%, and the volume of the compost is reduced by 30-50%.
The method for measuring the water content of the piled materials at different times in the following examples is as follows: and (3) drying the stockpile for 5 hours at 105 ℃, wherein the mass loss after drying accounts for the mass percent of the original stockpile and is the water content of the stockpile. The mass percent of the heap volatile solids is determined as follows: and (3) firing the dried stockpile at 550 ℃ for 4h, wherein the loss accounts for the mass percent of the dried stockpile, namely the mass percent of volatile solids in the stockpile.
The operation method for extracting the compost humic acid is as follows.
(1) Firstly, selecting the wood chips, stones and the like visible to naked eyes in the air-dried compost sample, and sieving the compost sample through a 120-mesh sieve after grinding. 3.0g of the air dried compost sample was weighed into a 50mL centrifuge tube. 25mL of extractant (0.1M Na) was added4P2O7Mixed solution with 0.1m naoh, 1: 10 (w: v)) for 24h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 5min, pouring out the supernatant, and adding 25mL of the extractant again. Repeating the steps until the supernatant is transparent and colorless after centrifugation, metering the volume of the leaching liquor to a 500mL volumetric flask, and filtering the leaching liquor by using a 0.45 mu m filter membrane.
(2) The separation method of humic acid and fulvic acid comprises the following steps: 50mL of the leaching solution (1) is taken and put into a centrifuge tube, about 3mL of 6M concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to precipitate humic acid, and the mixture is kept stand overnight. Filtering with slow quantitative filter paper, repeatedly washing the precipitate with dilute acid solution (0.05M HCl) until the filtrate is colorless, adsorbing the filtrate with XAD-8 resin, and eluting the resin-adsorbed fulvic acid with alkali solution (0.05M NaOH). The resulting fulvic acid is purified using a hydrogen cation exchange resin. The humic acid precipitate is dissolved by shaking with dilute alkali solution (0.05M NaOH) until no precipitate is visible to the naked eye, and the obtained solution is humic acid.
(3) Adjusting the humic acid and fulvic acid extractive solution obtained in step (2) with dilute acid solution (0.05MHCl) and dilute alkali solution (0.05MNaOH) to adjust pH to neutral.
The method for measuring the contents of humic acid and fulvic acid employs a total organic carbon measurement method, and the total organic carbon measurement method employs a "TOC" analyzer (TOC to LSN, shimadzu, japan).
The evaluation formula of the polymerization degree of humus is as follows:
the calculation formula of the humification index is as follows:
the wine grape skin residues are from a grape wine brewing company, and the pig manure is from a livestock and poultry breeding base.
Example 2:
compared with the embodiment 1, the ratio of the pig manure to the wine grape skin residue in the pretreatment of the composting raw material in the step (1) is changed according to the ratio of 4: 1. As a result, when the compost is composted for 20 days, compared with the compost of the original pig manure, the humic acid content of the compost is increased by 19.76 percent, as shown in figure 4. The fulvic acid content ratio is shown in figure 5.
Example 3:
according to the method, the content of humic acid in the fermentation product can be further increased by increasing the addition amount of the wine grape skin residues, so that humification of the wine grape skin residues is accelerated, and if the addition amount reaches 200mg/g of the dry base of the wine grape skin residues and the compost lasts for 20 days, the polymerization degree of humic acid in the compost reaches 4.71, as shown in fig. 6. When the compost is used for 20d, the humification index HI of the mixed material is far larger than that of the raw material, as shown in figure 7. In conclusion, the addition of the wine grape skin residues greatly improves the humic acid content in the compost, so that the quality of the compost product is improved.
Claims (10)
1. The humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from the wine grape skin residues is characterized by being prepared by adding the wine grape skin residues into air-dried pig manure as a compost humification promoting agent, mixing and fermenting.
2. The humic acid-rich pig manure compost prepared from wine grape skin residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the air-dried pig manure to the wine grape skin residues is 1-4: 1, the moisture content of the humic acid-rich pig manure compost is 23-30%, and the temperature is 25-72 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the pig manure compost rich in humic acid and prepared from the wine grape skin residue as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) respectively crushing and sieving air-dried pig manure and air-dried wine grape skin residues, uniformly mixing, adding corn straws to adjust C/N, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a composting raw material;
(2) and (2) placing the compost raw material obtained in the step (1) in a fermentation tank for fermentation culture for 15-20 days, then placing at room temperature for air drying, and storing at 4 ℃ to obtain the pig manure compost rich in humic acid.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the air-dried pig manure to the air-dried wine grape skin residue in the step (1) is 1-4: 1, preferably 3:2, and the mass fraction of water in the air-dried wine grape skin residue is 1.57-12.75%.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step (1) is a step of pulverizing the raw material to a particle size of less than 3cm, the C/N is adjusted to 25 to 35, and the water content of the compost raw material is 60 to 65%.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the bottom of the fermentation tank in the step (2) has an aeration pipe connected to an aeration pump.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the aeration pipe has aeration holes with a diameter of less than 0.2mm, and the aeration holes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fermentation tank at equal intervals of 20-30 x 20-30 cm.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the conditions for the fermentation culture in the step (2) are: the initial temperature is room temperature, the first pile turning time in the fermentation culture process is 0-3 d, the aeration frequency is 2 d/time, and after the temperature changes to 55-65 ℃, the pile turning frequency is 1-2 d/time, and the aeration frequency is 1 d/time.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the aeration flux is 0.2 to 0.5m3/d。
10. The use of the pig manure compost rich in humic acid prepared from the wine grape skin residue as claimed in claim 1 or 2 as an organic fertilizer.
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