CN114029619A - Method and system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on broken line scanning track - Google Patents
Method and system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on broken line scanning track Download PDFInfo
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- CN114029619A CN114029619A CN202111502477.6A CN202111502477A CN114029619A CN 114029619 A CN114029619 A CN 114029619A CN 202111502477 A CN202111502477 A CN 202111502477A CN 114029619 A CN114029619 A CN 114029619A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a broken line scanning track, and relates to the technical field of steel plate lap welding, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S1: taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use; step S2: the galvanized steel plates are placed on a workbench in a butt joint mode and fixed through a welding clamp, and the two galvanized steel plates are kept to be attached; step S3: selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters; step S4: and finishing laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters. The invention can improve the welding efficiency and remarkably reduce the problems of unstable keyhole and large fluctuation of a molten pool caused by Zn evaporation, thereby reducing splashing, improving the formation of a welding seam and improving the quality and the performance of a welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel plate lap welding, in particular to a method for controlling laser lap welding splashing of a galvanized steel plate based on a scanning beam track of a galvanometer, and particularly relates to a method and a system for controlling laser lap welding splashing based on a scanning track of a broken line.
Background
The general development trend of modern automobiles is corrosion resistance, light weight, energy conservation, emission reduction, safety and comfort. The high-strength steel can not only reduce the weight of the automobile, but also improve the anti-collision safety and the fuel economy of the automobile. Therefore, the method is widely applied to manufacturing structural members, safety members and reinforcing members of automobiles, such as doorsills, front and rear bumpers, door impact beams, cross beams, side rails, seat slide rails and the like.
The zinc-plated layer can prevent the surface corrosion of the steel sheet in the use process, and the Zn-plated steel sheet is widely used in the automobile industry because of its good work-forming property, corrosion resistance and economy. The base body can be isolated from a corrosive medium through the Zn coating, and meanwhile, the base body can be protected through a sacrificial anode method, so that the corrosion resistance of the automotive steel plate is obviously improved. However, because the boiling point of zinc is far lower than the melting point of steel, a zinc layer is easily heated by laser to form metal vapor in the welding process, and partial vapor may form plasma under the action of laser, which seriously affects the transmission of laser energy to a welded area, easily forms more splashes, forms defects such as air holes and the like, and reduces the quality of welding seams and the strength of joints.
In order to improve the welding quality of the lap welding of the galvanized steel sheets and solve the problem of splashing caused by the evaporation of a Zn coating, the prior proposal at home and abroad is as follows: reserving a gap between two steel plates to enable zinc vapor to escape from the gap between the two steel plates instead of from a molten pool, but the method has higher requirement on the size control of the gap, if the gap is too large, the melting amount of the upper plate cannot fill the middle gap, and the upper plate and the lower plate are difficult to melt; secondly, the plating layer is partially removed by adopting methods such as mechanical polishing or laser ablation, but the methods increase production procedures, and have lower production efficiency and high cost; and thirdly, welding by adopting a double-beam method, guiding a beam to pre-cut a slit, removing a part of a zinc layer, and simultaneously enabling zinc vapor in the welding process to escape from the pre-cut slit.
The invention patent with publication number CN110682015A discloses a method for improving the appearance quality and performance of a laser lap welding seam of a galvanized sheet, which is to adopt a laser welding heat source to perform a low heat input pre-heating treatment before welding at a welding position before the laser lap welding of the galvanized sheet, wherein the laser power is as follows: 2000-4000W, defocusing amount: 20-70 mm, preheating speed: 2-4 m/min, adopting 99.99% high-purity argon gas for protection, and preheating before welding to evaporate a zinc layer at the lap joint interface to form zinc vapor for discharge, and then carrying out formal welding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a broken line scanning track.
According to the method and the system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on the broken line scanning track, the scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a polyline scanning trajectory is provided, the method comprising:
step S1: taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use;
step S2: the galvanized steel plates are placed on a workbench in a butt joint mode and fixed through a welding clamp, and the two galvanized steel plates are kept to be attached;
step S3: selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters;
step S4: and finishing laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters.
Preferably, the step S1 includes: the Zn coating on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet does not need to be removed before welding;
the galvanized steel plate has a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, a plating layer thickness of 1% of the plate thickness, and a Zn content of 10-50 g/m2And cleaning oil stains on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then cooling and air-drying for later use.
Preferably, the gap between the two galvanized steel sheets fixed by the welding jig in the step S2 is less than 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the laser in step S3 is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the beam shape is controlled by a galvanometer; the swing amplitude of the laser is 0.5 times of the thickness of the plate, the value of the swing frequency of the laser is equal to the value of the welding speed, the defocusing amount of the laser is 0mm, and the output power of the laser is set according to the thickness of the plate.
Preferably, the parameters of the galvanometer scanning in step S3 are set as: the scanning track is a broken line, the scanning swing amplitude is 0.6mm, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding speed is 35mm/s, the laser swing frequency is 35Hz, and the laser output power is 2 kW.
Preferably, in step S4, the laser movement is controlled by a welding robot arm, and the welding speed is controlled by the welding robot arm.
In a second aspect, a system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a polyline scanning trajectory is provided, the system comprising:
module M1: taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use;
module M2: the galvanized steel plates are placed on a workbench in a butt joint mode and fixed through a welding clamp, and the two galvanized steel plates are kept to be attached;
module M3: selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters;
module M4: and finishing laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters.
Preferably, said module M1 comprises: the Zn coating on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet does not need to be removed before welding;
the galvanized steel plate has a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, a plating layer thickness of 1% of the plate thickness, and a Zn content of 10-50 g/m2And cleaning oil stains on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then cooling and air-drying for later use.
Preferably, the gap between the two galvanized steel plates fixed by the welding fixture in the module M2 is less than 0.1mm when the two galvanized steel plates are attached.
Preferably, the laser in the module M3 is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the beam shape is controlled by a galvanometer; the swing amplitude of the laser is 0.5 times of the thickness of the plate, the value of the swing frequency of the laser is equal to the value of the welding speed, the defocusing amount of the laser is 0mm, and the output power of the laser is set according to the thickness of the plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the welding joint prepared by the method has good weld surface formation and no defects of splashing, air holes and the like under proper welding parameters;
2. according to the invention, the Zn coating is not required to be removed before welding, a laser lap welding mode controlled by a scanning track of a galvanometer is combined, and the zinc vapor can be evaporated in stages by adjusting appropriate scanning parameters and welding parameters, so that the splashing problem caused by instantaneous escape of a large amount of zinc vapor is reduced, the keyhole shape is obviously stabilized, the splashing is reduced, the welding seam quality is improved, meanwhile, the production efficiency is greatly improved due to a flexible parameter process window, and the production cost can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a laser welding based on scanning trajectory control according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a laser broken line swing scanning track (welding direction from left to right);
FIG. 3 is a high speed photographic image of a conventional circular weaving welding process;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the simulation results of the effect of zinc vapor on the flow of the weld pool during the welding process according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a high speed photographic image of a welding process using the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a fold line scanning track, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in a figure 1 and a figure 2:
step S1: and taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use.
Specifically, in this step, it is not necessary to remove the Zn plating layer on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet before welding; the galvanized steel sheet has the thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, the thickness of a plating layer is about 1% of the thickness of the sheet, and the galvanized steel sheet comprises the following base components: c is between 0.05 and 0.15 percent; mn is more than or equal to 1.0 percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent; si is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.0 percent; nb is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is more than or equal to 0.10 percent and less than or equal to 0.20 percent; al is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; b is more than or equal to 0.001% and less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance is Fe. The Zn content in the coating is 10-50 g/m2And cleaning oil stains on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then cooling and air-drying for later use.
Step S2: and (3) butting and placing the galvanized steel sheets on a workbench and fixing the galvanized steel sheets by using a welding fixture, wherein a small gap is kept between the upper galvanized steel sheet and the lower galvanized steel sheet as much as possible, and the gap is less than 0.1 mm.
Step S3: selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters; specifically, according to the plate thickness, the matched laser power, welding speed, galvanometer scanning frequency and swing amplitude are set.
The laser is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the shape of a light beam is controlled by a vibrating mirror; the swing amplitude of the laser was about 0.5 times the thickness of the plate, the swing frequency of the laser was about equal to the welding speed (welding speed in mm/s), the laser defocusing amount was 0mm, and the laser output power was set according to the thickness of the plate.
The parameters of the galvanometer scanning are set as follows: the scanning track is a broken line, the scanning swing amplitude is 0.6mm, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding speed is 35mm/s, the laser swing frequency is 35Hz, and the laser output power is 2 kW.
Step S4: and adjusting and matching according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters to complete the laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet. In the step, the laser is controlled to move by adopting an arm of a welding robot, and the welding speed is controlled by the arm of the welding robot.
The invention also provides a system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on the broken line scanning track, which comprises:
module M1: and taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use.
Module M2: and (3) butting and placing the galvanized steel sheets on a workbench and fixing the galvanized steel sheets by using a welding fixture, and keeping the gap between the two galvanized steel sheets to be minimum.
Module M3: and selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters.
Module M4: and finishing the laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters.
Specifically, in module M1, there is no need to remove the Zn plating layer on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet before welding; the galvanized steel plate has a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, a plating layer thickness of 1% of the plate thickness, and a Zn content of 10-50 g/m2And cleaning oil stains on the surface of the steel plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then cooling and air-drying for later use.
When the welding fixture in the module M2 fixes the two galvanized steel plates, the gap is kept less than 0.1 mm.
The laser in the module M3 is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the beam shape is controlled by a vibrating mirror; the swing amplitude of the laser is 0.5 times of the thickness of the plate, the value of the swing frequency of the laser is equal to the value of the welding speed, the defocusing amount of the laser is 0mm, and the output power of the laser is set according to the thickness of the plate.
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in the present example, the test material was a 1.2mm thick Zn-coated steel sheet, and the structure was transformed into lath martensite after hot forming. Laser welding based on galvanometer scanning is adopted before thermoforming.
Step 1: taking two galvanized steel plates with the thickness of 1.2mm, using acetone to clean oil stains on the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, then cooling and air-drying, and preparing a welding tool fixture for standby.
Step 2: and overlapping the two purified galvanized steel plates on a workbench, fixing the two purified galvanized steel plates by using a welding fixture, and keeping the gap at the overlapping part of the two purified galvanized steel plates to be less than 0.1 mm.
And step 3: and selecting and using a fiber laser with a galvanometer function, and setting welding parameters. The parameters of the galvanometer scanning are set as follows: through the mirror control that shakes for laser swings along perpendicular welding direction, and amplitude of oscillation is 0.6mm, and laser swing frequency is 35Hz, and laser swing speed is 84mm/s, and welding speed is 35mm/s, under welding speed and swing speed dual function, makes laser scanning route be the broken line, and laser output is 2kW, and defocusing amount is 0mm during the welding.
And 4, step 4: and (4) controlling the arm of the welding robot to move according to the welding process parameters preset in the step (3) to complete the lap welding of the galvanized steel plate.
Referring to fig. 3, the laser lap welding process is performed by circular oscillation at the same laser welding speed and average power, the length of the keyhole changes violently in one oscillation period, and the keyhole fluctuates violently to cause the keyhole to easily splash when oscillating to the forefront.
Referring to fig. 4, in the fold welding process of the broken line laser scanning track based on galvanometer scanning in the embodiment, zinc vapor always enters the keyhole, so that the keyhole is expanded, the distance fluctuation range of the front wall and the rear wall of the keyhole is smaller to 0.35mm, and the liquid on the upper surface has a more obvious flowing trend towards the tail of the molten pool due to the addition of the zinc vapor.
Referring to fig. 5, by using the method for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on the polygonal line scanning trajectory in the present embodiment, the keyhole is substantially circular, the keyhole length is stable, no significant fluctuation occurs, and spatter is significantly reduced.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a broken line scanning track, which are used for improving the welding efficiency without removing a Zn coating on the surface of a galvanized steel sheet before welding, adjusting proper laser power, welding speed, defocusing amount, swinging amplitude and swinging frequency by a broken line scanning mode, controlling the opening degree of a key hole and the zinc evaporation amount by utilizing a broken line scanning path, weakening the impact force on the key hole due to zinc vapor staged evaporation, obviously improving the dimensional stability of the key hole in a period, avoiding a large amount of molten metal from being sprayed to the periphery, reducing spatter, improving weld joint formation, improving the quality and performance of a welding joint and enabling the welding joint to be equivalent to a base metal.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a fold line scanning track is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use;
step S2: the galvanized steel plates are placed on a workbench in a butt joint mode and fixed through a welding clamp, and the two galvanized steel plates are kept to be attached;
step S3: selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters;
step S4: and finishing laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters.
2. The method for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 comprises: the Zn coating on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet does not need to be removed before welding;
the galvanized steel plate has a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, a plating layer thickness of 1% of the plate thickness, and a Zn content of 10-50 g/m2And cleaning oil stains on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet by using absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and then cooling and air-drying for later use.
3. The method for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 1, wherein the gap between the two galvanized steel sheets fixed by the welding jig in the step S2 is less than 0.1 mm.
4. The method for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 1, wherein said laser in step S3 is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the beam shape is controlled by a galvanometer; the swing amplitude of the laser is 0.5 times of the thickness of the plate, the value of the swing frequency of the laser is equal to the value of the welding speed, the defocusing amount of the laser is 0mm, and the output power of the laser is set according to the thickness of the plate.
5. The method for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the galvanometer scanning in the step S3 are set as: the scanning track is a broken line, the scanning swing amplitude is 0.6mm, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the welding speed is 35mm/s, the laser swing frequency is 35Hz, and the laser output power is 2 kW.
6. The method for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 1, wherein said step S4 comprises controlling laser movement by a welding robot arm, and the welding speed is controlled by the welding robot arm.
7. A system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on a broken line scanning track is characterized by comprising:
module M1: taking two galvanized steel plates, purifying the surfaces of the two galvanized steel plates, and cooling and air-drying the two galvanized steel plates for later use;
module M2: the galvanized steel plates are placed on a workbench in a butt joint mode and fixed through a welding clamp, and the two galvanized steel plates are kept to be attached;
module M3: selecting laser welding equipment based on galvanometer scanning, and setting laser parameters and galvanometer scanning parameters;
module M4: and finishing laser lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet according to the laser parameters and the galvanometer scanning parameters.
8. The system for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 7, wherein said module M1 comprises: the Zn coating on the surface of the galvanized steel sheet does not need to be removed before welding;
the galvanized steel plate has a thickness of 1.0-2.0 mm, a plating layer thickness of 1% of the plate thickness, and a Zn content of 10-50 g/m2And plating with absolute ethyl alcohol or acetoneAnd (3) cleaning oil stains on the surface of the zinc steel plate, and then cooling and air-drying for later use.
9. The system for controlling laser lap welding spatter according to claim 7, wherein the gap between the two galvanized steel sheets fixed by the welding fixture in the module M2 is less than 0.1 mm.
10. The system for controlling laser lap welding spatter based on zigzag scanning trajectory according to claim 7, wherein said laser in module M3 is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser, and the beam shape is controlled by a galvanometer; the swing amplitude of the laser is 0.5 times of the thickness of the plate, the value of the swing frequency of the laser is equal to the value of the welding speed, the defocusing amount of the laser is 0mm, and the output power of the laser is set according to the thickness of the plate.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115319287A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-11 | 山东大学 | Lap joint laser scanning welding method based on linear energy density regulation |
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| CN115319287A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-11 | 山东大学 | Lap joint laser scanning welding method based on linear energy density regulation |
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