CN114027406A - Feed suitable for perinatal sows and suckling piglets and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pig feed formulas, in particular to a feed simultaneously suitable for perinatal sows and suckling piglets, which comprises the following formula: 10 to 40 percent of puffed corn, 10 to 30 percent of barley flour, 2.5 to 18 percent of enzymolysis soybean, 1 to 10 percent of whey protein concentrate, 0.5 to 25.0 percent of whey powder, 0.5 to 12.5 percent of glucose, 0.5 to 12.5 percent of fructose, 1.0 to 5.0 percent of super steam fish meal, 0.05 to 1 percent of lysophospholipid, 1 to 5 percent of puffed flaxseed, 0.2 to 2.5 percent of deep sea fish peptide, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of sodium chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of egg yolk antibody, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of yucca extract, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of 1-monobutyric acid monoglyceride, 0.2 to 2 percent of bovine colostrum, 0.5 to 1 percent of calcium formate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of compound vitamin, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of compound trace element, short sow, Reduce the stillbirth rate, reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets and improve the weight of weaning litter.

Description

Feed suitable for perinatal sows and suckling piglets and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pig feed formulas, in particular to a feed suitable for sows in a perinatal period and piglets in a lactation period.

Background

Most of the nutrition studies on breeding sows have focused on the effects of pregnancy or lactation, and few studies have been made on the transition from late gestation to lactation. During the third period of rapid mammary gland development, after the sow is born, the milk is continuously secreted and accumulated along with the mammary gland acinus of the sow, the weight of the mammary gland of the sow is continuously increased until the weight of the sow is gradually increased to a high peak value about day 21 of the lactation period of the sow, and the weight of the mammary gland of the sow is also continuously reduced along with the gradual reduction of the lactation amount of the sow. Transcriptional analysis of the mammary glands in the transition phase of colostrum formation to milk production in pigs by Palombo et al (2018) indicated that colostrum formation occurs at prenatal 6d and postpartum Id. Most of the fat and lactose in colostrum are produced from ketogenic and glycogenic precursors, respectively, after delivery, and the presence of piglets and the removal of colostrum are essential for the rapid synthesis of colostrum fat and lactose. Most of the colostrum protein (based on IgG transfer) appears to be produced in the late gestation, whereas lactoglobulin is produced around 80d of gestation, and the last week of gestation is important for colostrum production. Colostrum formation does not end at the beginning of the sow farrowing but seems to accelerate synthesis only after farrowing has started. Colostrum 200 g per piglet in the first 24 hours after birth reduces the risk of pre-weaning death. In addition, the pig milk plays an important role in improving the performance of piglets and stimulating the synthesis of visceral organs and skeletal muscle proteins of newborn piglets, so the colostrum has great significance for the survival rate of the piglets at birth and the later growth and development. While colostrum is synthesized during the perinatal period (5 days before and 5 days after delivery), so that the nutrition of the perinatal period (5 days before and 5 days after delivery) is important for sows and offspring, studies have shown that the weight LWG of live piglets during lactation peak is positively correlated with the daily food intake of the medium chain fatty acid MCFA before and after delivery, and negatively correlated with the daily food intake of the long chain fatty acid LCFA, indicating that the milk yield during lactation peak is determined to some extent by the perinatal period (5 days before and 5 days after delivery). However, the energy concentration of the feed of the sow in the later period of pregnancy is too high, so that fat in the mammary gland and the mammary duct of the sow is excessively deposited, and the phenomenon of insufficient lactation or sudden no lactation after farrowing of the sow occurs. At this time, a lactation promoting product which provides high-efficiency energy, high-quality protein, balanced fat and appropriate content of dietary fiber for the perinatal period (5 days before and 5 days after parturition) of sows is needed, so that the proportion of glucose, lactic acid and fat absorbed by small intestines of the bodies of the sows is increased, the proportion of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) absorbed by rear intestines is reduced, and the problem that the sows use self-stored fat during lactation, and the weight loss is serious, so that the success rate of matching of next fetus is influenced is solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a feed suitable for sows in a perinatal period and piglets in a lactation period and a preparation method.

In order to achieve the aim, the feed suitable for the perinatal sows and the suckling piglets is designed, and is characterized by comprising the following formula: 10 to 40 percent of expanded corn, 10 to 30 percent of barley flour, 2.5 to 18 percent of enzymolysis soybean, 1 to 10 percent of whey protein concentrate, 0.5 to 25.0 percent of whey powder, 0.5 to 12.5 percent of glucose, 0.5 to 12.5 percent of fructose, 1.0 to 5.0 percent of super steam fish meal, 0.05 to 1 percent of lysophospholipid, 1 to 5 percent of expanded flaxseed, 0.2 to 2.5 percent of deep sea fish peptide, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of sodium chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of egg yolk antibody, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of yucca extract, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of 1-monobutyric acid monoglyceride, 0.2 to 2 percent of bovine colostrum, 0.5 to 1 percent of calcium formate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of compound vitamin and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of compound trace element.

Preferably, the quality requirements of the super steam fish meal are as follows: crude protein is more than or equal to 67 percent, lysine is more than or equal to 4.80 percent, methionine is more than or equal to 1.7 percent, crude fat is less than or equal to 10 percent, crude ash is less than or equal to 17 percent, volatile basic nitrogen is less than or equal to 100mg/100g, sand content is less than or equal to 2 percent, and salt content and sand content are less than or equal to 5 percent.

Preferably, the quality requirements of the puffed flaxseed are: the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 18.5 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 6 percent, the crude fat is more than or equal to 32 percent, and the crude fiber is less than or equal to 15 percent.

Preferably, the quality requirements of the deep sea fish peptide are as follows: the crude protein is more than or equal to 50 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 3.5 percent, the crude fat is more than or equal to 1.0 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 12 percent.

Preferably, the yucca extract has the following quality requirements: saponin is more than or equal to 10.5 percent, and B50 value is less than or equal to 4 mg.

Preferably, the quality requirements of the 1-monobutyric acid monoglyceride are: the butyrin content is more than or equal to 40 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 35 percent.

Preferably, the bovine colostrum has the following quality requirements: the crude fat is more than or equal to 10 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 8 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the IgG is more than or equal to 24 percent.

The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing raw materials, and weighing all the raw materials according to the weight;

s2, removing impurities and crushing, namely crushing all the raw materials after removing the impurities, and screening the crushed raw materials by a 0.8mm screen;

and S3, mixing and stirring, namely putting all the crushed and impurity-removed raw materials into a mixer, and mixing for 240 s.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. can shorten the birth process of the sow, reduce the stillbirth rate, improve the intestinal health of the sow, reduce the oxidative stress level of the organism and shorten the oestrus interval of the sow after weaning. Particularly in summer, due to high-temperature stress, the weight loss in the lactation period is serious, the weaning oestrus rate is low, the female sex of a plurality of three-element sows is poor, and the lactation property is uneven. Under normal conditions, the daily ration product for the sow is designed to be fed in the whole process of the gestation period and the lactation period, and special requirements under many special conditions cannot be considered. For example, under the influence of perinatal period, high-temperature and high-humidity environment, immunization stress, diseases, especially non-plague epidemic situation and the like, part of functional nutrition can not meet the special nutritional requirement of the sow which is rapidly improved, a series of health problems of the sow can be caused, and better production performance of the sow can not be exerted. The functional nutritional product of the confinement milk is particularly used for solving the problems and combining with the latest research results at home and abroad, can quickly supplement immediate nutrition for sows and quickly adjust the immunity of the sows, meet the special nutritional requirements of the sows, reduce the inflammatory reaction of the sows and exert better production potential of the sows.

2. The feed can simultaneously meet the nutritional requirements of perinatal sows (5 days before and 5 days after parturition) and piglets in the lactation period, the simulation instinct of animals can enable the piglets in the lactation period to be opened more easily, the diarrhea rate and the death rate are reduced, the weaning stress is relieved, and the weight of weaning litter is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a table of sow performance records;

FIG. 2 is a table of piglet diarrhea records;

fig. 3 is a table of data processing results.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following drawings, the structure and principle of which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention designs a feed simultaneously suitable for sows in perinatal period and piglets in lactation period, and the preferable formula is as follows: 33% of puffed corn, 25% of barley flour, 13.5% of enzymolysis soybean, 5% of whey protein concentrate, 10% of whey powder, 1% of glucose, 1% of fructose, 3% of super-steam fish meal, 1% of lysophospholipid, 3% of puffed flaxseed, 1.5% of deep sea fish peptide, 0.3% of sodium chloride, 0.15% of egg yolk antibody, 0.05% of yucca extract, 0.55% of 1-monobutyric acid monoglyceride, 0.6% of bovine colostrum, 0.5% of calcium formate, 0.52% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.03% of vitamin complex and 0.3% of composite trace elements.

The feed disclosed by the invention has the following characteristics:

1. shortening the labor process and reducing the dead fetus rate: simultaneously, the feed supplement of glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose can meet the energy requirement during farrowing and can supply energy for a long time; because pathological insulin resistance can negatively affect the accumulation of liver glycogen before the birth of the sow, the 1-monobutyric acid glyceride can promote the accumulation of the liver glycogen, thereby ensuring the lasting energy supply of the sow during the delivery and shortening the labor process. The 1-monobutyric acid glyceride is a key regulation and control factor for new angiogenesis in the normal tissue and cell development process, promotes the regeneration of small intestine villus capillaries, improves the oxygen carrying capacity of blood and the absorption of nutrient substances, not only can improve the quantity and quality of milk secretion of sows, but also more importantly improves the fetal activity in the sows, so that the delivery of the sows is smoother, the delivery process is shortened and the stillbirth rate is reduced.

2. Reduce piglet diarrhea rate, improve the survival rate in lactation: the deep-sea fish peptide is rich in bioactive small peptides, wherein the bioactive small peptides comprise insulin-like growth factor peptides, epidermal growth factor peptides, immunoregulation peptides, antibacterial peptides, feeding attracting peptides and the like, and the small peptides can be directly absorbed and utilized by organisms, so that sows can quickly obtain nutrient substances and improve the immunity of the sows, and the immune substances are transferred to piglets through milk.

3. Increasing the weight of weaning litter: the deep-sea fish peptide contains a large amount of food calling factors, has an obvious food calling effect, and ensures that the sows have a high-level feed intake. The yucca extract promotes protein synthesis, reduces the harm of endogenous and exogenous ammonia, improves the oxygen carrying capacity of blood, increases lactation and improves the survival rate of fetuses, the 1-monobutyric acid glyceride promotes the regeneration of villus microvessels of small intestines, greatly promotes the absorption of nutrient substances, and improves the quantity and quality of milk secreted by sows, thereby improving the weight of weaning litter.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the above properties were verified by actual feeding. Test field: xinjiang pasture. Test time: year 2021, month 4-year 2021, month 6. Test groups: the feed of the invention, a control group: a lactating sow feed. Test animals: 40 sows with 100 days of gestation are selected, wherein the number of the sows is 12 in the beginning, 16 in 2-3 gilts and 12 in 4-5 young sows, the total number of the sows is 40, the sows are averagely divided into 2 groups according to the number of births and the number of pregnancy days (the delivery date is different by ten days), and particularly, the number of the sows in one fetus is average. The feed is added to each sow from 109 days of gestation, the feeding amount is 1kg for each meal, meanwhile, 1kg of the feed is reduced for basic lactating sows, and the feeding amount and the feeding mode are based on two meals per day, 2kg for each meal, executed in a pig farm. Feed in this manner until 5 days post partum. The pregnant period is fed quantitatively every day according to the management mode of a pig farm, the feed intake is gradually increased to the free feed intake (about 5 days) after delivery, the feed intake and other abnormal conditions of each group are recorded every day, and the test period is started from 5 days before delivery to the end of the delivery house (the mating is tracked). All the test pigs are in the same pigpen, and all the test pigs are immunized, disinfected, fed freely and drunk freely according to the production rhythm of the delivery room. During the test period, the litter size of each sow is ensured to be basically consistent as much as possible, if the litter size of each sow is not consistent, the total litter size of the two groups is ensured to be consistent.

The measurement indexes include the following data:

1. the litter size, the live litter size, the litter weight and the birth process time of each sow;

2. litter weight of 21-day-old piglets per litter (weighing when 21-day-old piglets are reached, regardless of weaning or not);

3. the interval between weaning and oestrus of each sow;

4. piglet diarrhea (number of piglets diarrhea recorded per day);

and (3) test control:

1. recording the death time, the day age, the number and the weight of the suckling piglets and the ear numbers of the sows in which the dead piglets are positioned;

2. the nursing adjustment problem of nursing litter size: the number of the piglets fostered is reduced as much as possible. The fostering is selected in the same group as much as possible;

3. the situation of sow non-ingestion due to fever and other disease causes is proposed: the medicine is taken for treating the disease, the food intake is recovered within 1 day after the treatment, the normal test is continued, and the record is made; if normal feeding is not recovered, other sow groups are removed, and the feed intake before and after the sow is recorded;

4. for the occurrence of sow death situations, a plan is given: if the selected sow dies, the litter weight of the piglets carried by the sow is recorded, and the piglets carried by the sow are fed to the sows in the unselected pig groups by a removal test.

And (3) test results:

the original data is firstly preliminarily arranged by an Excel table, then single-factor variance analysis is carried out by SPSS software, and multiple comparisons of the significance of differences among groups are carried out by LDS and DUNCUN methods. The results of the treatment are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. P <0.05 was used as a criterion for significant difference, and P <0.01 was used as a criterion for very significant difference.

The ratio of dead fetus (%) = number of dead fetus heads/number of litter heads 100;

survival rate of weaning head (%) = weaning head number/number of weaning head (after transfer) × 100;

the birth litter weight and the weaning litter weight are the sum of the weights of all live piglets on the birth bed of each sow at birth and weaning;

litter weight gain (kg) = weight weaned litter + weight dead pig-weight starting litter suckling (after post-call).

The sow production index results are shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1

The results show that when the feed of the invention is fed to sows in the perinatal period, the test groups have significant improvements in the stillbirth rate and litter weight gain as well as the delivery duration of the sows, wherein the stillbirth rate is reduced by 50%, the survival rate of piglets is increased by 4.4% during lactation, the litter weight gain during lactation is increased by 18.1%, the delivery duration of the sows is shortened by 18.2%, and the diarrhea rate of the piglets is reduced extremely significantly by 44.23%.

Claims (8)

1. The feed suitable for the perinatal sows and the suckling piglets is characterized by comprising the following formula: 10 to 40 percent of expanded corn, 10 to 30 percent of barley flour, 2.5 to 18 percent of enzymolysis soybean, 1 to 10 percent of whey protein concentrate, 0.5 to 25.0 percent of whey powder, 0.5 to 12.5 percent of glucose, 0.5 to 12.5 percent of fructose, 1.0 to 5.0 percent of super steam fish meal, 0.05 to 1 percent of lysophospholipid, 1 to 5 percent of expanded flaxseed, 0.2 to 2.5 percent of deep sea fish peptide, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of sodium chloride, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of egg yolk antibody, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of yucca extract, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of 1-monobutyric acid monoglyceride, 0.2 to 2 percent of bovine colostrum, 0.5 to 1 percent of calcium formate, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.03 to 0.05 percent of compound vitamin and 0.2 to 0.4 percent of compound trace element.

2. The feed as claimed in claim 1, which is suitable for perinatal sows and suckling piglets, and is characterized in that the super steamed fish meal has the following quality requirements: crude protein is more than or equal to 67 percent, lysine is more than or equal to 4.80 percent, methionine is more than or equal to 1.7 percent, crude fat is less than or equal to 10 percent, crude ash is less than or equal to 17 percent, volatile basic nitrogen is less than or equal to 100mg/100g, sand content is less than or equal to 2 percent, and salt content and sand content are less than or equal to 5 percent.

3. The feed as claimed in claim 1, which is suitable for both perinatal sows and lactating piglets, wherein the quality of the puffed flaxseed is as follows: the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 18.5 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 6 percent, the crude fat is more than or equal to 32 percent, and the crude fiber is less than or equal to 15 percent.

4. The feed suitable for the perinatal sow and the lactation piglet simultaneously as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep-sea fish peptide has the following quality requirements: the crude protein is more than or equal to 50 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 3.5 percent, the crude fat is more than or equal to 1.0 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 12 percent.

5. The feed as claimed in claim 1, which is suitable for both perinatal sows and lactating piglets, wherein the yucca extract has the following quality requirements: saponin is more than or equal to 10.5 percent, and B50 value is less than or equal to 4 mg.

6. The feed as claimed in claim 1, which is suitable for both perinatal sows and lactating piglets, wherein the 1-monobutyric acid monoglyceride has a quality requirement of: the butyrin content is more than or equal to 40 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the ash content is less than or equal to 35 percent.

7. The feed as claimed in claim 1, which is suitable for both perinatal sows and lactating piglets, wherein the bovine colostrum has the following quality requirements: the crude fat is more than or equal to 10 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 8 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the IgG is more than or equal to 24 percent.

8. A process for the preparation of the feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing raw materials, and weighing all the raw materials according to the weight;

s2, removing impurities and crushing, namely crushing all the raw materials after removing the impurities, and screening the crushed raw materials by a 0.8mm screen;

and S3, mixing and stirring, namely putting all the crushed and impurity-removed raw materials into a mixer, and mixing for 240 s.

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