CN114024556A - Radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on cascaded phase-locked loop - Google Patents
Radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on cascaded phase-locked loop Download PDFInfo
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- CN114024556A CN114024556A CN202111260762.1A CN202111260762A CN114024556A CN 114024556 A CN114024556 A CN 114024556A CN 202111260762 A CN202111260762 A CN 202111260762A CN 114024556 A CN114024556 A CN 114024556A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
- H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
- H04B1/006—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using switches for selecting the desired band
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B1/0475—Circuits with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0408—Circuits with power amplifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
- H04B2001/0491—Circuits with frequency synthesizers, frequency converters or modulators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on a cascade phase-locked loop, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication. The transmitting link adopts a plurality of phase-locked loops connected in series, realizes the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction on the hardware level by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loops, and simultaneously counteracts the gain fluctuation caused by the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loops in the circuit by adjusting the gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier, thereby realizing the stable gain; the whole fingerprint reconstruction process is simple and easy to realize, and the miniaturization of the reconfigurable radio frequency front-end equipment can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communication, and particularly relates to a radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on a cascaded phase-locked loop.
Background
"radio frequency fingerprint" is a concept analogous to a biometric fingerprint, which is defined as a technique for uniquely identifying a transmitter based on transient portions of the signal transmitted by the transmitter. The reason for generating the radio frequency fingerprint is that each part is produced according to the specified standard in the reproduction and manufacturing process of each device, but component tolerance is inevitably generated in the production process, so that certain error exists between the parts and the specified standard, and the error is randomly generated within a certain range. As the signal passes through the device, errors in these components will be reflected in the rf signal, causing some fixed and specific effects on it, so that each device will have its own unique rf fingerprint.
Currently, the radio frequency fingerprint of a communication device is generally unique and persistent. Uniqueness, i.e., no radio frequency fingerprint between any two devices is consistent. Since errors occurring in the manufacturing process randomly occur within an error tolerance range, the uniqueness and the radio frequency fingerprint are unique as human fingerprints. Persistence, i.e., the radio frequency fingerprint used to authenticate a device, is typically constant over a long period of time, which enables accurate radio frequency fingerprinting of the device. If the radio frequency fingerprint of the radio frequency transmitting front end is unchangeable, once the circuit communication is intercepted by other people, the transmitting source can be locked due to the unique and unchangeable radio frequency fingerprint; when our transmission source is locked, the information transmitted by the transmission source can be checked at all, which will have an influence on local situation that is difficult to estimate.
The main purpose of the current radio frequency front end reconstruction is to reconstruct the performance of a link, such as communication frequency, signal transmission power, link gain and the like, and the reconstruction mode mainly utilizes a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch to gate different radio frequency devices to reconstruct the performance of the link, and the increase of the number of the devices also causes the volume of the radio frequency front end reconstruction equipment to be generally larger. In fact, when the communication frequency is fixed, the hardware parameters of the existing reconfigurable transmitting front end are also fixed, that is, the radio frequency fingerprint of the hardware is fixed and unchangeable. The reconfigurable transmission front end cannot meet the requirement that the radio frequency fingerprint is variable under the conditions of fixed frequency band, fixed signal transmission power and fixed gain. In addition, in practical application, the more abundant the types of radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction are, the less easily the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction can be identified specifically, and the safety of the user can be maintained more effectively. If the communication equipment of the party has the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction function and the reconstruction types are rich, after a certain radio frequency fingerprint of the communication equipment of the party is identified and located to specific communication equipment, another radio frequency fingerprint can be selected, and the communication equipment is equivalent to a new communication equipment for the other party, so that the safety and the confidentiality of the communication equipment of the party can be improved.
Therefore, how to realize the reconstruction of the rf fingerprint of the rf front-end link, and have the advantages of miniaturization, simple structure and more rf fingerprint reconstruction types at the same time, becomes the key point to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the present invention is directed to a radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmission link based on a cascaded phase-locked loop. The transmitting link adopts a plurality of phase-locked loops connected in series, realizes the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction on the hardware level by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loops, and simultaneously counteracts the gain fluctuation caused by the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loops in the circuit by adjusting the gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on a cascade phase-locked loop comprises a variable gain amplifier, a frequency mixer, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and a local oscillator signal link, wherein the local oscillator signal link is formed by connecting a clock source and a plurality of phase-locked loops in series;
the variable gain amplifier is used for amplifying baseband signals, and the input end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with a baseband and the output end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with the frequency mixer; the frequency mixer is used for mixing the baseband signals to high-frequency signals, the radio frequency input end of the frequency mixer is connected with the output end of the variable gain amplifier, and the output end of the frequency mixer is connected with the input end of the power amplifier; the local oscillator signal link is used for providing a local oscillator signal for the frequency mixer, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the local oscillator signal input end of the frequency mixer; the power amplifier is used for further amplifying the high-frequency signal input by the frequency mixer, and the input end of the power amplifier is connected with the output end of the frequency mixer; the antenna is used for transmitting the high-frequency signal and is connected with the output end of the power amplifier;
and the output end of the clock source in the local oscillation signal link is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop and used for providing a reference clock for the phase-locked loop.
Furthermore, the number of the phase-locked loops needs to be at least two, and the phase-locked loops are used for ensuring that the final local oscillation frequency is unchanged and realizing radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction; increasing the number of phase-locked loops can realize more frequency multiplication coefficient combinations, and further realize more radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction types.
Furthermore, each phase-locked loop has a plurality of frequency multiplication coefficients, and different frequency multiplication coefficients are respectively controlled by digital signals.
Furthermore, the phase-locked loops are fractional frequency-division phase-locked loops, that is, the frequency multiplication coefficient of each phase-locked loop can be a fraction, so that more reconstruction schemes can be realized.
Further, the gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier is used for offsetting gain fluctuation caused by frequency multiplication coefficient change of a phase-locked loop in a front-end transmitting link.
A radio frequency fingerprint based on cascade phase-locked loop reconstructs the reconstruction method of the front-end transmitting link, realize the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction of the hardware level through the adjustment to the multiple frequency coefficient of several phase-locked loops, the clock frequency of the clock source can produce the local oscillator signal of a certain frequency after the phase-locked loop, adjust the multiple frequency coefficient among different phase-locked loops, guarantee the local oscillator signal frequency of the cut-in frequency mixer is invariable, the output frequency of the frequency mixer is invariable like this, thus guarantee the communication frequency to be invariable, offset the gain fluctuation because of the multiple frequency coefficient of phase-locked loop in the circuit through adjusting the gain of the first variable gain amplifier at the same time;
and the local oscillation signals with different frequency spectrums are mixed with the baseband signals input into the frequency mixer, so that the phase noise of the high-frequency signals after frequency mixing is changed, and the reconstruction of the radio frequency fingerprint is realized.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows: the phase-locked loops are used for frequency multiplication of a clock source, frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops are respectively controlled by digital signals, and each phase-locked loop has a plurality of frequency multiplication coefficients. The clock frequency of the clock source can generate a local oscillator signal of a certain frequency after passing through the phase-locked loops, at the moment, if the frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops are respectively adjusted, the local oscillator signal of the same frequency can still be obtained, the difference lies in that the frequency spectrums of the clock source and the local oscillator signals generated by the different phase-locked loops under different frequency multiplication coefficients are different, the local oscillator signals with different frequency spectrums are mixed with the baseband signal input to the frequency mixer, so that the phase noise of the high-frequency signal after frequency mixing is changed, namely, the change of the phase noise of the high-frequency signal after frequency mixing can be realized by respectively adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of the different phase-locked loops, and meanwhile, the frequency of the high-frequency signal can be ensured to be unchanged. When the phase noise changes, the radio frequency fingerprint of the device changes correspondingly. Therefore, the reconstruction of the radio frequency fingerprint of the equipment can be realized by adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of a plurality of phase-locked loops.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, a plurality of series phase-locked loops are introduced through a front-end transmitting link, and the fingerprint reconstruction of the radio-frequency transmitting front end is realized by respectively adjusting the frequency multiplication coefficients of different phase-locked loops; meanwhile, the gain fluctuation caused by the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop in the circuit is counteracted through the gain of the variable gain amplifier, so that the gain stability is realized; the whole fingerprint reconstruction process is simple and easy to realize, and the miniaturization of the reconfigurable radio frequency front-end equipment can be realized.
2. The front-end transmitting link adopts a phase-locked loop as a fractional frequency division phase-locked loop, the frequency multiplication coefficient can be set to be a decimal number, and more reconstruction combinations and schemes can be realized under the same construction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency fingerprint reconfigurable transmission front-end circuit based on a cascaded phase-locked loop in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
A radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on a cascade phase-locked loop comprises a variable gain amplifier, a frequency mixer, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and a local oscillator signal link, wherein the local oscillator signal link is formed by connecting a clock source and a plurality of phase-locked loops in series;
the variable gain amplifier is used for amplifying baseband signals, and the input end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with a baseband and the output end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with the frequency mixer; the frequency mixer is used for mixing the baseband signals to high-frequency signals, the radio frequency input end of the frequency mixer is connected with the output end of the variable gain amplifier, and the output end of the frequency mixer is connected with the input end of the power amplifier; the local oscillator signal link is used for providing a local oscillator signal for the frequency mixer, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the local oscillator signal input end of the frequency mixer; the power amplifier is used for further amplifying the high-frequency signal input by the frequency mixer, and the input end of the power amplifier is connected with the output end of the frequency mixer; the antenna is used for transmitting the high-frequency signal and is connected with the output end of the power amplifier;
and the output end of the clock source in the local oscillation signal link is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop and used for providing a reference clock for the phase-locked loop.
Example 1
When the number of the serial phase-locked loops is two, the schematic structural diagram of the front-end transmitting link is shown in fig. 1.
A radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on a cascade phase-locked loop is characterized in that the first stage of the reconstruction transmitting front-end is a variable gain amplifier, the input end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with a baseband, and the output end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with a mixer and used for amplifying baseband signals;
the second stage of the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a mixer, the radio frequency input end of the mixer is connected with the output end of the variable gain amplifier, the output end of the mixer is connected with the input end of the sixth stage power amplifier, and the mixer is used for mixing the baseband signal to a high-frequency signal;
the third stage of the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a phase-locked loop 2, the input end of the phase-locked loop 2 is connected with the output end of the fourth stage phase-locked loop 1, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the local oscillation signal input end of the second stage frequency mixer and used for providing local oscillation signals for the frequency mixer;
the fourth stage at the reconfigurable transmitting front end is a phase-locked loop 1, the input end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the fifth stage clock source, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the input end of a third stage phase-locked loop 2;
the fifth stage positioned at the front end of the reconfigurable transmission is a clock source, and the output end of the fifth stage is connected with the input end of the fourth-stage phase-locked loop 1 and is used for providing a reference clock for the phase-locked loop 1;
the sixth stage at the front end of the reconfigurable transmission is a power amplifier, the input end of the power amplifier is connected with the output end of the mixer at the second stage and used for further amplifying the high-frequency signal, and the output end of the power amplifier is connected with an antenna at the seventh stage;
and the seventh stage at the reconfigurable transmitting front end is an antenna which is connected with the output end of the power amplifier at the sixth stage and is used for transmitting the high-frequency signal.
The specific process of the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction by adopting the radio frequency fingerprint reconfigurable transmitting front-end circuit based on the cascaded phase-locked loop comprises the following steps:
step 1, recording the reference clock frequency of a clock source as fsSetting the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop 1 as A and the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop 2 as B by using the control signal, and obtaining a certain local oscillator frequency at the moment and marking as fLOThen, there are:
fLO＝fs*A*B
step 2, keeping the frequency of the clock source reference clock as fsAnd (3) setting the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop 1 to be A-a (or A + a) and setting the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop 2 to be B + B (or B-B) by using the control signal without changing, and obtaining the local oscillator signal with the same frequency as that in the step (1), namely the local oscillator frequency at the moment is still fLONamely, the following steps are provided:
fs*(A-a)*(B+b)＝fLO＝fs*A*B
or
fs*(A+a)*(B-b)＝fLO＝fs*A*B
The frequency multiplication coefficients of the phase-locked loops 1 and 2 are respectively changed by using control signals, so that the local oscillation frequency obtained by a reference clock of a clock source after passing through the two cascaded phase-locked loops is the same as the original local oscillation frequency, the local oscillation signal frequency accessed to the frequency mixer is ensured to be unchanged, the output frequency of the frequency mixer is ensured to be unchanged, and the communication frequency is ensured to be unchanged; wherein A, B, a and B can be integers or decimals, and more reconstruction combinations and schemes can be realized;
and 3, due to the setting of the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop, gain fluctuation to a certain degree can be brought, the gain fluctuation brought by the frequency multiplication coefficient of the phase-locked loop in the circuit is counteracted through the gain of the variable gain amplifier, and the stable gain is realized, namely the gain of the variable gain amplifier is changed by changing the control voltage of the variable gain amplifier, so that the gain fluctuation of the transmitting link is compensated, and the gain of the transmitting link is consistent with the original gain.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (6)
1. A radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmitting link based on a cascade phase-locked loop is characterized by comprising a variable gain amplifier, a frequency mixer, a power amplifier, a transmitting antenna and a local oscillator signal link, wherein the local oscillator signal link is formed by connecting a clock source and a plurality of phase-locked loops in series;
the variable gain amplifier is used for amplifying baseband signals, and the input end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with a baseband and the output end of the variable gain amplifier is connected with the frequency mixer; the frequency mixer is used for mixing the baseband signals to high-frequency signals, the radio frequency input end of the frequency mixer is connected with the output end of the variable gain amplifier, and the output end of the frequency mixer is connected with the input end of the power amplifier; the local oscillator signal link is used for providing a local oscillator signal for the frequency mixer, and the output end of the phase-locked loop is connected with the local oscillator signal input end of the frequency mixer; the power amplifier is used for further amplifying the high-frequency signal input by the frequency mixer, and the input end of the power amplifier is connected with the output end of the frequency mixer; the antenna is used for transmitting the high-frequency signal and is connected with the output end of the power amplifier;
and the output end of the clock source in the local oscillation signal link is connected with the input end of the phase-locked loop and used for providing a reference clock for the phase-locked loop.
2. The cascaded phase-locked loop-based radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmit link of claim 1, wherein a minimum of two phase-locked loops are required to achieve radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction while ensuring that a final local oscillator frequency does not change.
3. The cascaded phase-locked loop based radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmit chain of claim 2, wherein each phase-locked loop has a plurality of frequency multiplication coefficients, and different frequency multiplication coefficients are controlled by digital signals respectively.
4. The cascaded phase-locked loop-based radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmit link of claim 2, wherein the phase-locked loops are fractional-n phase-locked loops for implementing more reconstruction schemes.
5. The cascaded phase-locked loop-based radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front-end transmit chain of claim 1, wherein a gain of the first-stage variable gain amplifier is used to cancel gain fluctuations in the front-end transmit chain due to phase-locked loop multiplication factor changes.
6. A radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction front end transmitting link reconstruction method based on cascade phase-locked loop is characterized in that the radio frequency fingerprint reconstruction of hardware level is realized by adjusting frequency multiplication coefficients of a plurality of phase-locked loops, a clock frequency of a clock source can generate a local oscillator signal of a certain frequency after passing through the phase-locked loops, the frequency multiplication coefficients among different phase-locked loops are adjusted, the frequency of the local oscillator signal accessed to a mixer is ensured to be unchanged, the output frequency of the mixer is ensured to be unchanged, thus ensuring the communication frequency to be unchanged, and simultaneously, the gain fluctuation caused by the frequency multiplication coefficients of the phase-locked loops in a circuit is counteracted by adjusting the gain of a first-stage variable gain amplifier;
the local oscillator signals with different frequency spectrums are mixed with the baseband signals input into the frequency mixer, so that the phase noise of the high-frequency signals after frequency mixing is changed, and the reconstruction of the radio frequency fingerprint is realized.
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