CN114024149A - Reflective array antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization - Google Patents
Reflective array antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a reflective array antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization, which comprises: a circularly polarized reflective array and a feed source; the feed source is a horn feed source placed on a focal plane of the circularly polarized reflection array; the horn feed source is positioned above the circularly polarized reflection array; the circularly polarized reflective array includes: a plurality of reflection-type superunits regularly arranged on a two-dimensional plane; each reflection-type super unit is composed of a plurality of basic units distributed along the circumference; the same basic unit is used for synthesizing the same wave beam, and the problems that mutual coupling between resonance units in the traditional single-layer multi-beam antenna design is difficult to calculate, and thus the array design needs to consider the complex action of a plurality of variables at the same time, so that the array design is complicated and time-consuming are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a reflective array antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization.
Background
The reflector array antenna has the advantages of high gain, light weight, easiness in processing, low cost and the like, and has a wide application prospect in the field of satellite communication. With the increasing shortage of available frequency band resources, but the demand for communication speed is still increasing, the multi-beam circular polarization reflective array antenna becomes one of the important solutions for high-throughput satellites. The multi-beam circularly polarized reflective array antenna is provided with a plurality of narrow beams which can be independently regulated, the frequency or polarization of the beams in the same caliber is different, so that the beams are mutually independent, when the multi-beam reflective array antenna is applied to a communication satellite, the multi-spot beam antenna technology is adopted in combination with a frequency reuse scheme, and through spatial isolation, the frequency reuse and polarization reuse can be realized, namely the multi-beam frequency or polarization irradiating adjacent areas are different, the beams irradiating the non-adjacent areas can work in the same frequency and the same polarization, so that the bandwidth cost of the satellite is saved.
The traditional multi-beam reflective array antenna can be divided into a single-layer design and a multi-layer design; the multi-beam reflective array antenna with the multilayer design is high in processing difficulty, unstable in structure and prone to shielding, and the large arrangement distance introduced for solving the shielding problem restricts the working frequency. The multi-beam reflective array antenna with single-layer design usually adopts multiple resonant units to realize multiple beams, i.e. multiple resonant structures are introduced into one basic unit, in order to avoid grating lobes, the unit spacing cannot be too large, and multiple resonant structures are inevitably coupled with each other in a limited unit area, and the coupling is difficult to calculate, thus increasing the complexity of the array design. Another reflective array antenna for realizing simultaneous multi-beam by an array synthesis method is that a plurality of beams are simultaneously realized by adjusting phase arrangement under the same frequency and polarization, and because the frequency and the polarization of the plurality of beams are the same, the multi-beam reflective array cannot be applied to a frequency multiplexing scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a reflective array antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization, and particularly relates to a circular polarization reflective array antenna for realizing 3 independent beams in 3 frequency bands, which solves the coupling problem of the multi-resonance unit adopted in the existing single-layer multi-beam reflective array antenna design, and realizes independent design of a plurality of beams; each super unit is composed of 3 regular hexagonal basic units with opposite vertexes and closely arranged according to regular triangular lattices, each basic unit can realize a beam, the working frequencies of the adjacent basic units are different, and the beam formation is mutually independent. The method solves the problems that mutual coupling between resonant units in the traditional single-layer multi-beam antenna design is difficult to calculate, and thus the array design needs to consider the complex effects of a plurality of variables at the same time, so that the array design is complicated and time-consuming.
The present invention provides a reflectarray antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization, comprising: a circularly polarized reflective array and a feed source; the feed source is a horn feed source placed on a focal plane of the circularly polarized reflection array; the horn feed source is positioned above the circularly polarized reflection array;
the circularly polarized reflective array includes: a plurality of reflection-type superunits regularly arranged on a two-dimensional plane; each reflection-type super unit is composed of a plurality of basic units distributed along the circumference; the same basic unit is used for the synthesis of the same beam.
As an improvement of the above technical means, the reflection type super cell includes: three kinds of regular hexagonal basic units, which specifically include: a first base unit, a second base unit, and a third base unit;
in each reflection-type super cell, the first basic cell, the second basic cell and the third basic cell are arranged at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumference with opposite vertexes;
in the whole circularly polarized reflective array, all the reflective super-units are closely arranged according to regular triangular lattices, so that the basic units are in a honeycomb network format layout; each basic unit rotates by different angles according to the compensation phase required by different positions of the array.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, each of the first basic unit, the second basic unit and the third basic unit has a reflection phase, and the calculation is performed on the reflection phase:
wherein (x)i,yi) The position coordinates of the ith basic unit in the array are obtained; k is a radical of0A vacuum propagation constant at the operating frequency of the base unit at its center; diThe distance between the phase center of the feed source and the ith basic unit is taken as the distance; (theta)b,φb) For desired beam pointing, thetabAt a desired polar angle, phibIs the desired azimuth angle;
the reflection phase of the ith basic unit;
suppose the rotation angle phi of the first basic unit1The rotation angle phi of the second basic unit2Rotation angle of the third basic unit phi3Adjusting the reflection phase of the basic unit with the respective working frequency band by adjusting the rotation angle of the respective basic unit;
wherein the rotation angle phi of the first basic unit is calculated1；
Wherein,
a reflection phase required for the first basic cell;
the initial reflection phase of the first basic unit under the current incident angle when the first basic unit does not rotate; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
calculating the rotation angle phi of the second basic unit2；
Wherein,
a reflection phase required for the second basic cell;
the initial reflection phase of the second basic unit under the current incident angle when the second basic unit does not rotate; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
calculating the rotation angle phi of the third basic unit3；
Wherein,
a reflection phase required for the third basic cell;
the initial reflection phase of the third basic unit under the current incident angle when the third basic unit does not rotate; n is an arbitrary integer, and positive sign for left-hand circular polarization and negative sign for right-hand circular polarization；
And (4) calculating the corresponding rotation angle for all the basic units in the array according to the positions and the working frequencies of the basic units by using the formulas (1) to (4).
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the first basic unit, the second basic unit and the third basic unit have the same structure;
the structure comprises a metal floor, a dielectric substrate and a metal patch which are stacked from bottom to top;
the lower surface of the medium substrate is connected with the upper surface of the metal floor; the lower surface of the metal patch is connected with the upper surface of the medium substrate.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the metal patch comprises a central patch and two patch branches; the central patch is an annular patch; the two patch branches are rotationally symmetrical and are respectively loaded on the opposite sides of the central patch.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the annular patch is a regular hexagon annular patch, and the patch branch comprises 2-4 sections.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the first basic unit, the second basic unit and the third basic unit are all regular hexagons with an L of 4-4.2mm, and the outer edge lengths of the central patches of the first basic unit, the second basic unit and the third basic unit are all LOUTIs 2.5-2.7 mm.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the inner edge length L of the central patch of the first base unitIN1Is 2.35-2.5 mm. The patch branch of the first basic unit has 4 segments in total, and specifically comprises: a first section, a second section, a third section and a fourth section; first length L110.5mm, second segment length L212.4-2.6mm, third segment length L313-3.2mm, fourth length L411.3-1.5 mm; width w of patch minor matters10.13-0.16mm。
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the inner edge length L of the central patch of the second basic unitIN21.95-2 mm. The patch minor matters of the second basic unit have 3 sections in total, and specifically comprise: first stage, second stageTwo and a third segment; first length L120.5mm, second segment length L222.4-2.6mm, third segment length L322.8 mm; width w of patch minor matters2＝0.2mm。
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the inner edge length L of the central patch of the third basic unitIN31.45-1.46 mm. The patch branch of the third basic unit has 3 sections, and specifically comprises: a first section, a second section, and a third section; first length L130.5mm, second segment length L232.4-2.6mm, third segment length L332.2 mm; width w of patch minor matters3＝0.2mm。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in each superunit, mutual coupling among 3 basic units respectively used for realizing 3 beams can be ignored, so that the 3 basic units are independently designed, further 3 beams are independently designed, frequency is freely selected, and beam pointing is independently regulated and controlled;
2. in all working frequency bands, the co-polarization reflection amplitude is larger than 1dB, the cross-polarization reflection amplitude is smaller than-10 dB, and the linearity of a phase curve is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase modulation scheme for a reflective superunit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a top view of a reflective superunit of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3 shows the co-polarized reflection amplitudes of a reflective super-cell under periodic boundary conditions, according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4a shows the phase change of the co-polarized reflection caused by the patch rotation of the basic unit # 1 in the corresponding frequency band under the condition of the periodic boundary of a reflective super-unit provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4b shows the phase change of the co-polarized reflection caused by the patch rotation of the base unit # 2 in the corresponding frequency band under the condition of the periodic boundary of a reflective super-unit provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4c shows the phase change of the co-polarized reflection caused by the patch rotation of the basic unit # 3 in the corresponding frequency band under the boundary condition of the period of the reflective super unit provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the co-polarized reflection amplitudes of a multiple reflection super cell under the periodic boundary conditions according to example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6a shows the phase change of the co-polarized reflection caused by the patch rotation of the base unit # 1 in the corresponding frequency band under the condition of the periodic boundary of a reflective super-unit provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6b shows the phase changes of the co-polarized reflections caused by the patch rotation of the base unit # 2 in the corresponding frequency band under the periodic boundary condition of a reflective super-unit provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6c shows the phase changes of the co-polarized reflections caused by the patch rotation of the basic unit # 3 in the corresponding frequency band respectively under the boundary condition of the period of the reflective super unit provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of a multibeam reflectarray antenna implemented in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a phase distribution diagram of a basic unit when the superunit synthetic reflect array antenna of embodiment 1 of the present invention is used;
FIG. 7c is a top view of a reflectarray antenna using superunit synthesis of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8a is a 1 st beam pattern of a reflectarray antenna synthesized using a superunit of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8b is a 2 nd beam pattern of a reflectarray antenna synthesized using a superunit of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8c is the 3 rd beam pattern of the reflectarray antenna synthesized using the superunit of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. first base unit 2 and second base unit
3. Third basic unit 4, metal floor
5. Dielectric substrate 6 and metal patch
61. Central patch 62, patch minor matters
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention mainly provides a reflective array for realizing multi-beam circular polarization, in particular to a reflective array superunit for realizing a plurality of independent beams, namely, the basic structure of the multi-beam reflective array antenna is a reflective superunit: the superunit is composed of 3 basic units; the vertexes of the 3 regular hexagonal basic units are opposite and arranged at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumference; in the whole array, all the superunits are closely arranged according to regular triangular lattices, so that the layout of the basic units presents a honeycomb type grid. The reason for adopting the arrangement is that on the premise of not generating grating lobes, the regular triangle lattices allow larger unit spacing compared with the rectangular lattices, and compared with the square, the regular hexagon has approximate circle shape, and the basic units adopting the regular hexagon are more beneficial to the rotation of the patch; the resonant frequencies of the 3 basic units are different, and 1 multi-resonant reflection type super unit is formed together; the reflection phases of the 3 basic units are independently regulated, so that 3 independent beams of the reflective array antenna can be independently designed.
By adopting the circularly polarized reflection array provided by the invention and using 1 broadband horn as a feed source, 3 circularly polarized beams with different directions can be simultaneously realized. These 3 frequency-differentiated spot beams can be applied to a 3-color frequency multiplexing scheme, implementing spatial frequency multiplexing.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7a, the reflectarray antenna for implementing multi-beam circular polarization of the present invention is composed of a circular polarization reflectarray and a feed source:
the feed source is a horn feed source placed on a focal plane of the polarized reflection array; the horn feed is located above the circularly polarized reflectarray.
The circularly polarized reflective array includes: a plurality of reflection-type superunits regularly arranged on a two-dimensional plane; each reflection-type super unit is composed of a plurality of basic units distributed along the circumference; the same basic unit is used for the synthesis of the same beam.
For example, a reflective superunit includes three regular hexagonal elementary cells: a first base unit 1, a second base unit 2, and a third base unit 3; in each supercell, the first basic unit 1, the second basic unit 2 and the third basic unit 3 are arranged at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumference with opposite vertexes; in the whole array, all superunits are closely arranged according to regular triangular lattices, so that basic units are in a honeycomb network format layout; each basic unit rotates by different angles according to the compensation phase required by different positions of the array.
Wherein, 3 basic units work in 3 different frequency bands, that is, the working frequency bands of the respective basic units do not intersect, and the reflection phase in a certain working frequency band is controlled by a unique basic unit. For a circularly polarized reflectarray consisting of reflective superunits, where each element in the array is rotated by a different angle depending on the compensation phase required at different locations of the array, such 1 reflectarray antenna can achieve 3 beams, where the 3 beams are separated by frequency.
The reflection phase value of the basic unit is related to the rotation angle of the metal patch. The working frequency of the basic unit is controlled by the size of the metal patch, and the reflection phase value of the basic unit is controlled by the rotation angle of the metal patch.
Each of the first, second, and third base units 1, 2, and 3 has a reflection phase, and is calculated as:
wherein (x)i,yi) The position coordinates of the ith basic unit in the array are obtained; k is a radical of0A vacuum propagation constant at the operating frequency of the base unit at its center; diThe distance between the phase center of the feed source and the ith basic unit is taken as the distance; (theta)b,φb) Is the desired beam pointing in a spherical coordinate system, thetabAt a desired polar angle, phibIs the desired azimuth angle;
the reflection phase of the ith basic cell.
As shown in fig. 1, 2a and 2b, by rotating each basic cell, the corresponding reflection phase is changed; assume a rotation angle phi of the first base unit 11The rotation angle phi of the second basic unit 22The rotation angle phi of the third basic unit 33As shown in fig. 1. Adjusting the reflection phase of the basic unit with the respective working frequency band by adjusting the rotation angle of the respective basic unit;
further, the rotation angle φ of the first base unit 1 is calculated1；
Wherein,
the reflection phase required for the first base unit 1;
the initial reflection phase of the first basic unit under the current incident angle when the first basic unit does not rotate; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
the rotation angle phi of the second basic unit 2 is calculated2；
Wherein,
the reflection phase required for the second base unit 2;
the initial reflection phase of the second basic unit 2 at the current incident angle when the second basic unit is not rotated; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
calculating the rotation angle phi of the third basic unit 33；
Wherein,
the reflection phase required for the third base unit 3;
the initial reflection phase at the current incident angle when the third basic unit 3 does not rotate; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
and (3) calculating corresponding rotation angles of all the basic units in the array according to the positions and the working frequencies of the basic units by using the formulas (1) to (4), so that the arrangement of the whole reflection array can be determined. The reflecting array is suitable for left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization feeds.
Preferably, the present invention employs a superunit structure:
as shown in fig. 1, 2a and 2b, the first base unit 1, the second base unit 2 and the third base unit 3 have the same structure;
the structure comprises a metal floor 4, a dielectric substrate 5 and a metal patch 6 which are stacked from bottom to top;
the lower surface of the medium substrate 5 is connected with the upper surface of the metal floor 4; the lower surface of the metal patch 6 is connected with the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 4.
The metal patch 6 comprises a central patch 61 and two patch branches 62; the central patch 61 is an annular patch; the two patch branches 62 are rotationally symmetrical and are respectively loaded on the opposite sides of the central patch 61.
Preferably, the annular patch is a regular hexagonal annular patch, the outer dimension of the annular patch is kept consistent in 3 basic units, and the patch branch comprises 2-4 segments.
Compared with a solid patch with the same outer contour, the polygonal annular patch increases resonance points, so that the bandwidth is expanded; the regular hexagonal annular patch can be better conformal with three regular hexagonal basic units, and compared with a quadrangle, the transition of the hexagon is more similar to a circle, which is beneficial to the smooth transition of a circular polarization phase; in all embodiments, the outer dimensions of the hexagonal rings used for the 3 central patches of the 3 base units are the same, and the respective operating bands are adjusted only by the length of the respective patch limbs and the inner dimensions of the hexagonal rings.
The same outer dimensions keep the pitch of the metal patches of adjacent base cells consistent, which means that the degree of coupling between adjacent metal patches changes very little as the rotational relationship of the base cells changes, so that periodic cell simulations performed under local period approximations can better approximate the reality of an aperiodic array.
As shown in fig. 2a and 2b, which are schematic structural diagrams of the reflection-type super-cell of the present invention, the sizes of the metal patches are used to control the operating frequency, the operating frequencies of the adjacent 3 basic cells are different-the sizes of the metal patches are different, and the sizes of the metal patches of the basic cells of the same operating frequency are the same-the required phase distribution is obtained only by the change of the rotation angle.
Example 1.
A reflection-type super cell is provided, and a first basic unit 1, a second basic unit 2 and a third basic unit 3 respectively work at 15.43-16.19 GHz, 17.35-17.99 GHz and 19.2-19.84 GHz.
The present invention provides a reflectarray antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization, comprising: a circularly polarized reflective array and a feed source; the feed source is a horn feed source placed on the focal plane of the circularly polarized reflection array; the horn feed is located above the circularly polarized reflectarray.
Wherein the circularly polarized reflective array comprises: a plurality of reflective superunits closely arranged in regular triangular lattices; each reflection-type super unit is composed of a plurality of basic units distributed along the circumference; the same basic unit is used for the synthesis of the same beam.
The reflective superunit includes: three kinds of regular hexagonal basic units, which specifically include: a first elementary unit 1, a second elementary unit 2 and a third elementary unit 3, namely elementary unit # 1, elementary unit # 2, elementary unit # 3 in fig. 4a, 4b, 4c of example 1;
parameters common to 3 basic units: relative dielectric constant ε of dielectric substrate 5r2.2, loss tangent tan delta 0.0009, thickness t 0.787 mm; the side length L of each hexagonal basic unit is 4 mm; the outer edge length L of the center patch 61 (hexagonal ring)OUT＝2.5mm。
First base unit 1: inner edge length L of center patch 61 (hexagonal ring)IN12.35 mm; the patch branches 62 have 4 segments in total, the first segment having a length L110.5mm, second segment length L212.4mm, third segment length L313mm, fourth length L411.3 mm; width w of patch minor matters1＝0.13mm；
Second base unit 2: inner edge length L of center patch 61 (hexagonal ring)IN21.95 mm; the patch branches 62 have 3 segments in total, the first segment has a length L120.5mm, second segment length L222.4mm, third segment length L322.8 mm; width w of patch minor matters2＝0.2mm；
Third base unit 3: inner edge length L of center patch (hexagonal ring)IN31.45 mm; the patch branches 62 have 3 segments in total, the first segment has a length L130.5mm, second segment length L232.4mm, third segment length L332.2 mm; width w of patch minor matters3＝0.2mm。
Example 2.
A reflection-type super unit is provided, wherein a first basic unit 1, a second basic unit 2 and a third basic unit 3 respectively work at 14.34-15.05 GHz, 16.44-17.03 GHz and 18.16-18.79 GHz.
The invention provides a reflect array antenna for realizing multi-beam circular polarization, which comprises: a circularly polarized reflective array and a feed source; the feed source is a horn feed source placed on a focal plane of the polarized reflection array; the horn feed is located above the circularly polarized reflectarray.
Wherein the circularly polarized reflective array comprises: a plurality of reflective superunits closely arranged in regular triangular lattices; each reflection-type super unit is composed of a plurality of basic units distributed along the circumference; the same basic unit is used for the synthesis of the same beam.
The reflective superunit includes: three kinds of regular hexagonal basic units, which specifically include: a first basic unit 1, a second basic unit 2 and a third basic unit 3, basic unit # 1, basic unit # 2 and basic unit # 3 in fig. 6a, 6b and 6c of embodiment 2;
parameters common to 3 basic units: relative dielectric constant ε of dielectric substrate 5r2.2, loss tangent tan delta 0.0009, thickness t 0.787 mm; the side length L of each hexagonal basic unit is 4.2 mm; outer edge length L of center patch (hexagonal ring)OUT＝2.7mm；
First base unit 1: inner edge length L of center patch (hexagonal ring)IN12.5 mm; the branch of the patch has 4 segments, the length of the first segment is L110.5mm, second segment length L212.6mm, third segment length L313.2mm, fourth length L411.5 mm; width w of patch minor matters1＝0.16mm；
Second base unit 2: inner edge length L of center patch (hexagonal ring)IN22 mm; the branch of the patch has 3 segments, the length of the first segment is L120.5mm, second segment length L222.6mm, third segment length L322.8 mm; width w of patch minor matters2＝0.2mm；
Third base unit 3: inner edge length L of center patch (hexagonal ring)IN31.46 mm; the branch of the patch has 2 sections, the length of the first section is L130.5mm, second segment length L232.6mm, the third segment is longDegree L332.2 mm; width w of patch minor matters3＝0.2mm。
Embodiments 1 and 2 disclose two superunits with different sizes, respectively, where each superunit may be used to implement a three-beam circular polarization reflectarray antenna, and the operating frequencies of the two reflectarray antennas implemented by the two superunits do not intersect.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, at-1 dB (| S)Co-pol.| ≧ 89.1%) as a standard, 3 operating bands of the embodiment 1 are respectively 15.43-16.19 GHz, 17.35-17.99 GHz and 19.2-19.84 GHz, and belong to 3 basic units of the superunit of the embodiment 1; the 3 working frequency bands of the embodiment 2 are respectively 14.34-15.05 GHz, 16.44-17.03 GHz and 18.16-18.79 GHz, and the working frequency bands belong to 3 basic units of the superunit of the embodiment 2. The total 6 working frequency bands have no intersection and are independently regulated and controlled by each basic unit, so that by adopting the reflection-type super-unit structure, 3 independent wave beams can be realized by independently designing the metal patches of the 3 basic units, and the super-unit structure does not need to consider the coupling problem, thereby reducing the complexity of multi-beam design. Example 2 comparison with example 1 demonstrates that the reflective superunit of the present invention can freely select the operating frequency.
The embodiment of the invention provides two reflection-type super-units which respectively work in Ku wave bands at different frequencies, so as to prove that the reflection array antenna of the invention is not limited to a fixed frequency. The combination of these two embodiments can provide a total of 6 beams for transceiving required by the three-color frequency reuse scheme, i.e., two reflective arrays are required to cover the three-color frequency reuse scheme.
As shown in fig. 4a-4c and fig. 6a-6c, which respectively show the phase curves of example 1 and example 2, it can be seen that the reflection phases of the same polarization in the operating frequency band are linearly changed, so that the reflection-type super-unit of the present invention can be used for synthesizing a multibeam reflection array antenna.
FIGS. 7a-7c and 8a-8c show an example of a synthetic reflectarray with the superunit of example 1, using the following parameters: feed position (-241.15mm,0mm,900mm), first beam pointing in thetab1＝15°、φb1-5 °; the second beam is directed atb2＝10°、φ b25 °; third beam pointing thetab3＝20°、φb3Right hand circular polarization, 5 °. Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of the operation of the reflectarray antenna, fig. 7b is a diagram of a reflection phase distribution diagram required by the array aperture calculated according to formula (1), and then the corresponding rotation angle is calculated according to formula (2) -formula (4), so as to obtain a circular aperture reflectarray with a diameter of 400mm, fig. 7 c. The reflection array is subjected to full-wave simulation by using 1 broadband conical horn as a feed source, and the simulation result shows that the reflection array realizes 3 independent beams in 3 working frequency bands respectively, as shown in figures 8a-8c, white asterisks in the figures mark the position of peak gain in a u-v plane, the gain of the position, a corresponding pitch angle and an azimuth angle are given, and white lines are contour lines for reducing the peak gain by 10 dB. Because spherical wave approximation is adopted for the feed source when the phase distribution of the basic unit is calculated, the amplitude field change of the horn, the amplitude directional diagram of the superunit and the coupling effect between the superunits are not considered, and the central frequency is deviated compared with that in the superunit simulation, wherein the frequency in fig. 8a is 16GHz, the frequency in fig. 8b is 17.4GHz, and the frequency in fig. 8c is 19.4 GHz; beam pointing also deviates from design, where the peak gain of 29.45dBi of FIG. 8a is at θb＝16°、φbAt θ, the peak gain 29.35dBi of FIG. 8b is in the-10 ° directionb＝10°，φbPeak gain of 31.84dBi in fig. 8c at θ, 2b＝20°，φbIn the 2 ° direction, mainly expressed as the azimuth angle phibThe deviation of (a). Although the objective of this patent is to propose a multi-beam reflectarray based on superelements, it is anticipated that a more desirable beam pattern can be achieved if a better designed feed horn is used, such as a corrugated horn rather than a conical horn.
In the implementation of the three-color Frequency multiplexing Scheme (3-color Frequency Reuse Scheme), 6 beams are required to be received and transmitted, and the 6 beams cover the whole irradiation range through beam scanning, and the working frequencies of the total 6 beams in the embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention are different, so that the embodiments 1 and 2 can be respectively used for implementing 3 beams of the three-color Frequency multiplexing Scheme. That is, with the reflection-type super-unit structure of the present invention, only 2 reflective array antennas are needed to meet the receiving/transmitting requirements of the three-color frequency multiplexing scheme, thereby realizing frequency multiplexing.
The above description is merely one exemplary application of the reflective superunit of the present invention, and the application of the reflective superunit of the present invention is not limited thereto. Because the working frequency bands of 3 basic units of the reflection array antenna superunit can be independently adjusted, one design is that the working frequency bands of the 3 basic units are discontinuous to ensure better isolation between 3 independent beams of the multi-beam reflection array antenna, and the multi-beam reflection array antenna is designed for the purpose in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the invention, not only can be used for solving the frequency multiplexing problem of satellite communication, but also can be used for measuring the speed and the distance of a target by a continuous wave radar; in another design, the working frequency bands of 3 basic units are continuous, so that 1 continuous wide frequency band is formed, and the broadband reflection array antenna can be realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A reflectarray antenna for achieving multi-beam circular polarization, comprising: a circularly polarized reflective array and a feed source; the feed source is a horn feed source placed on a focal plane of the circularly polarized reflection array; the horn feed source is positioned above the circularly polarized reflection array;
the circularly polarized reflective array includes: a plurality of reflection-type superunits regularly arranged on a two-dimensional plane; each reflection-type super unit is composed of a plurality of basic units distributed along the circumference; the same basic unit is used for the synthesis of the same beam.
2. The reflectarray antenna for implementing multiple beam circular polarization of claim 1, wherein the reflective superunit comprises: three kinds of regular hexagonal basic units, which specifically include: a first base unit (1), a second base unit (2) and a third base unit (3);
in each reflection type super unit, a first basic unit (1), a second basic unit (2) and a third basic unit (3) are opposite in vertex and are arranged at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumference;
in the whole circularly polarized reflective array, all the reflective super-units are closely arranged according to regular triangular lattices, so that the basic units are in a honeycomb network format layout; each basic unit rotates by different angles according to the compensation phase required by different positions of the array.
3. The reflectarray antenna for implementing multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 2, characterized in that the first (1), second (2) and third (3) basic cells each have a reflection phase and are calculated as:
wherein (x)i,yi) The position coordinates of the ith basic unit in the array are obtained; k is a radical of0A vacuum propagation constant at the operating frequency of the base unit at its center; diThe distance between the phase center of the feed source and the ith basic unit is taken as the distance; (theta)b,φb) For desired beam pointing, thetabAt a desired polar angle, phibIs the desired azimuth angle;
the reflection phase of the ith basic unit;
assuming a rotation angle phi of the first basic unit (1)1The rotation angle phi of the second basic unit (2)2The rotation angle phi of the third basic unit (3)3By adjusting the respective basic unitAdjusting the reflection phase of the basic unit having the respective operating frequency band;
wherein the rotation angle phi of the first basic unit (1) is calculated1；
Wherein,
a reflection phase required for the first elementary unit (1);
is the initial reflection phase of the first basic unit (1) under the current incident angle when the first basic unit does not rotate; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
calculating the rotation angle phi of the second basic unit (2)2；
Wherein,
a reflection phase required for the second elementary unit (2);
is the initial reflection phase of the second basic unit (2) under the current incident angle when the second basic unit is not rotated; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
calculating the rotation angle phi of the third basic unit (3)3；
Wherein,
a reflection phase required for the third basic cell (3);
is the initial reflection phase of the third basic unit (3) under the current incident angle when the third basic unit is not rotated; n is any integer, and a positive sign is taken for left-hand circular polarization and a negative sign is taken for right-hand circular polarization;
and (4) calculating the corresponding rotation angle for all the basic units in the array according to the positions and the working frequencies of the basic units by using the formulas (1) to (4).
4. Reflectarray antenna for the realization of multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 3, characterized in that the first (1), second (2) and third (3) basic cells have the same structure;
the structure comprises a metal floor (4), a dielectric substrate (5) and a metal patch (6) which are stacked from bottom to top;
the lower surface of the medium substrate (5) is connected with the upper surface of the metal floor (4); the lower surface of the metal patch (6) is connected with the upper surface of the medium substrate (5).
5. Reflectarray antenna for the realization of multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal patch (6) comprises a central patch (61) and two patch branches (62); the central patch (61) is an annular patch; the two patch branches (62) are rotationally symmetrical and are respectively loaded on the opposite sides of the central patch (61).
6. Reflectarray antenna for the implementation of multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 5, characterized in that the annular patches are regular hexagonal annular patches, the patch branches (62) comprising 2-4 segments.
7. The reflectarray antenna for implementing multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 6, characterized in that the first basic cell (1), the second basic cell (2), and the third basic cell (3) are each a regular hexagon with L of 4-4.2mm, and the outer edge lengths of the central patches of the first basic cell (1), the second basic cell (2), and the third basic cell (3) are each LOUTIs 2.5-2.7 mm.
8. Reflectarray antenna for the realization of multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the inner length L of the central patch (61) of the first base unit (1)IN1Is 2.35-2.5 mm. The patch minor matters (62) of the first basic unit (1) have 4 sections in total, and specifically comprise: a first section, a second section, a third section and a fourth section; first length L110.5mm, second segment length L212.4-2.6mm, third segment length L313-3.2mm, fourth length L411.3-1.5 mm; width w of patch branch (62)10.13-0.16mm。
9. Reflectarray antenna for the implementation of multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner length L of the central patch (61) of the second base unit (2)IN21.95-2 mm. The patch minor matters (62) of the second basic unit (2) have 3 sections in total, and specifically comprise: a first section, a second section, and a third section; first length L120.5mm, second segment length L222.4-2.6mm, third segment length L322.8 mm; width w of patch branch (62)2＝0.2mm。
10. Reflectarray antenna for the implementation of multiple beam circular polarization according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner length L of the central patch (61) of the third base element (3)IN31.45-1.46 mm. The patch minor matters (62) of the third basic unit (3) have 3 sections in total, and specifically comprise: a first section, a second section, and a third section; first length L130.5mm, second segment length L232.4-2.6mm, thThree section length L332.2 mm; width w of patch branch (62)3＝0.2mm。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115832722A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-03-21 | 南京理工大学 | All-metal multi-polarization reflective array antenna |
| CN116435761A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Dual circular polarization reflective array antenna and independent control method for radiation beam thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115832722A (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-03-21 | 南京理工大学 | All-metal multi-polarization reflective array antenna |
| CN115832722B (en) * | 2023-02-17 | 2023-05-30 | 南京理工大学 | All-metal multi-polarization reflection array antenna |
| CN116435761A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Dual circular polarization reflective array antenna and independent control method for radiation beam thereof |
| CN116435761B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2024-02-06 | 南京邮电大学 | Dual circular polarization reflective array antenna and independent control method for radiation beam thereof |
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