CN114023571A - Preparation method of cathode expanded graphite paper current collector - Google Patents
Preparation method of cathode expanded graphite paper current collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN114023571A CN114023571A CN202111274627.2A CN202111274627A CN114023571A CN 114023571 A CN114023571 A CN 114023571A CN 202111274627 A CN202111274627 A CN 202111274627A CN 114023571 A CN114023571 A CN 114023571A
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- graphite paper
- current collector
- cathode
- expanded graphite
- paper current
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to the preparation of an electrode current collector, and provides a preparation method of a cathode expanded graphite paper current collector aiming at the problem that the prior graphite paper roughening treatment has defects, wherein the preparation method takes graphite paper as a cathode and a counter electrode as an anode to construct an electrochemical two-electrode system in an electrolyte aqueous solution; and applying negative voltage between the cathode and the anode to carry out expansion treatment on the graphite paper to prepare the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector. According to the invention, while the graphite paper current collector is subjected to roughening treatment, no oxygen-containing functional group is introduced to the surface of the graphite paper current collector, so that defects are avoided, and the excellent conductivity of the graphite paper current collector is maintained. The prepared cathode expanded graphite paper current collector can be used for an electrochemical energy storage device and can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of the prepared device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation of an electrode current collector, in particular to a preparation method of a cathode expanded graphite paper current collector.
Background
In recent years, the development and utilization of new clean energy has promoted the rapid development of energy storage devices. As an electrochemical energy storage device, a super capacitor has been widely paid attention to due to the performance characteristics of high power density, high energy density, long cycle life, safety, reliability, environmental friendliness and the like. The super capacitor has huge application potential in the fields of wearable electronic equipment, uninterruptible power supplies, new energy automobiles and the like. The component parts of a supercapacitor generally include a current collector, an electrode material, an electrolyte, and a separator. The current collector plays an important role in charge transfer with the electrode material, and thus has an important influence on the electrochemical performance of the prepared electrode and the corresponding supercapacitor device.
The current collectors traditionally used at present mainly include copper foils, aluminum foils, carbon cloths, graphite papers, and the like. The graphite paper is widely used as a current collector of an electrochemical energy storage device due to the advantages of low price, high conductivity, light weight and the like. However, the graphite paper has a smooth surface, so that the contact area with the electrode material is small, and thus the charge transmission with the electrode material is limited, which is not favorable for the prepared electrode and the improvement of the electrochemical performance of the device. In order to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of the prepared supercapacitor, the mainstream method at present is to roughen the graphite paper so as to increase the contact area between the graphite paper and an electrode material. According to the documents and patents which have been published so far, the roughening treatment of graphite paper is mainly achieved by electrochemical anode expansion. However, this method generates a large amount of oxygen during the expansion process, resulting in the introduction of more oxygen-containing functional groups on the graphite surface, thereby generating more defects and greatly reducing the electrical conductivity. This limits the electrochemical performance of the produced supercapacitor, preventing the application of this preparation method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a cathode expansion graphite paper current collector, which is characterized in that oxygen-containing functional groups are not introduced into the surface of the graphite paper current collector while the graphite paper current collector is subjected to roughening treatment, so that defects are avoided, and the excellent conductivity of the graphite paper current collector is maintained. The method can prepare the graphite paper current collector with the highly roughened surface, and has the characteristics of mild preparation conditions, high preparation speed, simple process, low cost, large-scale preparation and the like. The graphite paper current collector prepared by the method can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of the constructed super capacitor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a cathode expanded graphite paper current collector comprises the following steps:
(1) graphite paper is used as a cathode, a counter electrode is used as an anode, an electrochemical two-electrode system is constructed in an electrolyte aqueous solution,
(2) and applying negative voltage between the cathode and the anode to perform cathode expansion treatment on the graphite paper to prepare the expanded graphite paper current collector. The adoption of cathode expansion can not introduce defects into the graphite crystal, thereby maintaining the high conductivity of the graphite current collector.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte is at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride. The selected electrolyte has low price and high ionic conductivity.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative voltage is-2V to-10V. The lower voltage is selected to reduce energy consumption and prevent the graphite paper from being damaged due to over expansion.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the counter electrode is any one of gold, platinum, a graphite rod, and a glassy carbon electrode.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution is 0.1 to 10 mol/L. The proper electrolyte concentration ensures that swelling proceeds and the degree of swelling is controlled.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the cathode and the anode is 1.5cm to 4 cm. Proper spacing can ensure that the cathode and the anode do not influence each other and the size of the electrolytic cell is controlled.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the graphite paper is subjected to the cathodic expansion treatment for 30 to 270 seconds. Proper inflation time ensures control of the degree of inflation.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the graphite paper subjected to the cathodic expansion treatment is 4 to 60 ℃. Proper treatment temperature can be ensured in a mild environment, thereby reducing the requirements on equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the cathode expansion method provided by the invention, while the graphite paper current collector is subjected to roughening treatment, introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups and generation of defects caused by anode expansion are avoided, so that high conductivity of the current collector is maintained.
2. The cathode expanded graphite paper current collector prepared by the invention can be used for an electrochemical energy storage device and can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of the prepared device.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, short time consumption, mild condition, high repeatability, low cost and large-scale preparation. The preparation conditions are highly controllable, and the damage of the current collector caused by graphite falling due to excessive expansion can be avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a digital photograph of a cathode expanded graphite paper current collector prepared in example 1, with the left portion before expansion and the right portion after expansion.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector prepared in example 2 before and after expansion.
Fig. 4 is a raman spectrum of the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector prepared in example 2 before and after expansion.
Fig. 5 shows the area capacitance values of the assembled supercapacitor made of the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector loaded with the polypyrrole electrode material according to example 5 under different charging and discharging current densities.
Detailed Description
In order to show the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly, the following description is made with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but these embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Respectively immersing graphite paper and gold foil into an electrolytic cell filled with 3mol/L KCl aqueous solution, and keeping the distance between the two electrodes at 1.5 cm. And then connecting the negative electrode of a direct current power supply with the graphite paper, connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply with the gold foil to form a two-electrode system, and applying a voltage of-5V for 270s between the negative electrode and the positive electrode to perform electrochemical expansion treatment. The electrochemical expansion treatment temperature was 25 ℃. And then, washing the expanded graphite paper by deionized water, and airing at room temperature to obtain the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, short time consumption, mild conditions, high repeatability, low cost and large-scale preparation. The preparation conditions are highly controllable, and the damage of the current collector caused by graphite falling due to excessive expansion can be avoided.
The graphite paper before and after expansion is schematically shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from fig. 1 that the cathode expansion treatment changes the surface of the graphite paper from smooth to rough.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the prepared cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector. It can be seen from fig. 2 that the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector surface is comprised of a number of crimped graphite sheets which result in a rough surface as seen in the right portion of fig. 1.
Example 2
Graphite paper and platinum foil are respectively immersed in an electrolytic cell containing 1mol/L KOH aqueous solution, and the distance between the two electrodes is kept to be 2 cm. And then connecting the negative electrode of a direct current power supply with the graphite paper, connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply with the platinum foil to form a two-electrode system, and then applying a voltage of-8V for 120s between the negative electrode and the positive electrode to perform electrochemical expansion treatment. The electrochemical expansion treatment temperature was 25 ℃. And then, washing the expanded graphite paper by deionized water, and airing at room temperature to obtain the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, short time consumption, mild conditions, high repeatability, low cost and large-scale preparation. The preparation conditions are highly controllable, and the damage of the current collector caused by graphite falling due to excessive expansion can be avoided.
Fig. 3 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphite paper current collector before and after cathodic expansion treatment, in which the O/C atomic ratio is unchanged, indicating that no oxygen-containing functional group is introduced during the cathodic expansion treatment.
FIG. 4 shows the Raman spectra before and after cathodic expansion of the graphite paper current collector, showing ID/IGThe strength ratio was not changed, indicating that no defects were caused during the cathode expansion treatment.
Example 3
Respectively immersing graphite paper and glassy carbon electrode in 10mol/L H2SO4In electrolytic cells for aqueous solutionsAnd the distance between the two electrodes is kept to be 4 cm. And then connecting the negative electrode of the direct current power supply with the graphite paper, and connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply with the glassy carbon electrode. After the two-electrode system is built, a voltage of-2V is applied between the cathode and the anode for 60s to carry out electrochemical expansion treatment. The electrochemical expansion treatment temperature was 4 ℃. And then, washing the expanded graphite paper by deionized water, and airing at room temperature to obtain the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector. The prepared graphite paper current collector also shows a rough surface. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, short time consumption, mild conditions, high repeatability, low cost and large-scale preparation. The preparation conditions are highly controllable, and the damage of the current collector caused by graphite falling due to excessive expansion can be avoided.
Example 4
Respectively immersing graphite paper and graphite rod electrodes into an electrolytic cell filled with 0.1mol/L NaCl aqueous solution, and keeping the distance between the two electrodes at 2 cm. And then connecting the negative electrode of the direct current power supply with the graphite paper, and connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply with the graphite rod. After the two-electrode system is built, a voltage of-10V is applied between the cathode and the anode for 30s to carry out electrochemical expansion treatment. The electrochemical expansion treatment temperature was 60 ℃. And then, washing the expanded graphite paper by deionized water, and airing at room temperature to obtain the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector. The prepared graphite paper current collector also shows a rough surface. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, short time consumption, mild conditions, high repeatability, low cost and large-scale preparation. The preparation conditions are highly controllable, and the damage of the current collector caused by graphite falling due to excessive expansion can be avoided.
Example 5
Respectively immersing graphite paper and glassy carbon electrodes into an electrolytic cell filled with 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, and keeping the distance between the two electrodes at 3 cm. And then connecting the negative electrode of the direct current power supply with the graphite paper, and connecting the positive electrode of the direct current power supply with the glassy carbon electrode. After the two-electrode system is built, a voltage of-3V is applied between the cathode and the anode for 120s to carry out electrochemical expansion treatment. The electrochemical expansion treatment temperature was 35 ℃. And then, washing the expanded graphite paper by deionized water, and airing at room temperature to obtain the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector. The method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, short time consumption, mild conditions, high repeatability, low cost and large-scale preparation. The preparation conditions are highly controllable, and the damage of the current collector caused by graphite falling due to excessive expansion can be avoided.
The cathode expanded graphite paper prepared in the embodiment is used as a current collector, and 1mg/cm of the current collector is loaded on the surface of the cathode expanded graphite paper2The polypyrrole electrode material is assembled into a symmetrical super capacitor, and the capacitance performance of the symmetrical super capacitor is tested in 1M KCl electrolyte. As shown in FIG. 5, the supercapacitor was operated at 0.2mA/cm2At a test current density of 82.9mF/cm2Area capacitance of (d). When the test current density increased to 8mA/cm2Which shows 58.3mF/cm2Area capacitance of (d).
Comparative example 1
Graphite paper is used as a current collector, and 1mg/cm of graphite paper is loaded on the surface of the current collector2The polypyrrole electrode material is assembled into a symmetrical super capacitor, and the capacitance performance of the symmetrical super capacitor is tested in 1M KCl electrolyte. The super capacitor is at 0.2mA/cm2At a test current density of 71.4mF/cm2Area capacitance of (d). When the test current density increased to 8mA/cm2Which shows 42.5mF/cm2Area capacitance of (d). The comparison shows that the super capacitor assembled by the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector prepared by the invention has more excellent electrochemical performance.
The above embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary to further illustrate the technical solutions, principles, applications, and efficacies, and those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept, which falls into the protection scope of the present invention. That is, the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing an electrochemical two-electrode system in an electrolyte aqueous solution by taking graphite paper as a cathode and a counter electrode as an anode;
and applying negative voltage between the cathode and the anode to perform cathode expansion treatment on the graphite paper, then cleaning the expanded graphite paper by using deionized water, and airing at room temperature to prepare the cathode expanded graphite paper current collector.
2. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte is at least one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
3. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the negative potential voltage is-2V to-10V.
4. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the counter electrode is any one of gold foil, platinum foil, graphite rod and glassy carbon electrode.
5. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the electrolyte aqueous solution is 0.1-10 mol/L.
6. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the cathode and the anode is 1.5-4 cm.
7. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the time for carrying out cathode expansion treatment on the graphite paper is 30-270 s.
8. The method of making a cathodically expanded graphite paper current collector of claim 1, wherein: the temperature for performing cathode expansion treatment on the graphite paper is 4-60 ℃.
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| CN110610814A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-12-24 | 中北大学 | Nano-scale electrochemical expansion graphite paper conductive matrix and preparation method thereof |
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- 2021-10-29 CN CN202111274627.2A patent/CN114023571A/en active Pending
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| CN102923697A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-02-13 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing graphene energy storing material through electrochemical cathodic disbonding |
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| CN110610814A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-12-24 | 中北大学 | Nano-scale electrochemical expansion graphite paper conductive matrix and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220208 |