CN114018740A - Small-size rock abrasiveness testing device and method - Google Patents
Small-size rock abrasiveness testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114018740A CN114018740A CN202111247804.8A CN202111247804A CN114018740A CN 114018740 A CN114018740 A CN 114018740A CN 202111247804 A CN202111247804 A CN 202111247804A CN 114018740 A CN114018740 A CN 114018740A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052612 amphibole Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052626 biotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052652 orthoclase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing abrasiveness of small-size rocks. The device comprises a sample die, wherein the sample die is formed by combining an outer shell and an inner shell; the inner shell is of a square structure and is supported by a support column; the supporting column is positioned in the center of the bottom surface of the outer shell, and the inner shell is used for placing a sample; a telescopic device is connected between the side wall of the inner shell and the opposite side wall of the outer shell; the telescoping device can support the side of the sample through telescoping. The abrasion resistance test method can be used for performing abrasion resistance test on samples such as natural mineral crude stones or soft broken rocks, the size of which does not meet the requirements of Cerchar standard samples, and the like, comprehensively considering the influence of various mineral components and the soft broken rocks on the abrasion resistance of the rocks, and providing reference standards for TBM hob abrasion mechanism and abrasion prediction research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock measurement, in particular to a device and a method for testing abrasiveness of a small-size rock.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and the increasing energy demand, China urgently needs to build a batch of deep-buried long tunnels. Thanks to the mechanization process and the advantages of safety, economy, environmental protection, high efficiency and the like, the full face rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is increasingly applied to hard rock tunnel excavation. The hob is a main part for crushing rocks in the TBM tunneling process, and the cutter stress changes and the cutter abrasion forms are different due to factors such as non-uniformity of the rocks, complexity of strata, variability of rock fracture joints and the like in the tunneling process, so that the hob is abraded to different degrees when the cutterhead tunnels for a certain distance, the hob needs to be replaced periodically, and the construction cost and the construction period are severely restricted. According to statistics, the time consumed by tool maintenance, tool replacement and cutter head maintenance in the hard rock tunneling of the TBM in actual engineering is about 1/3 of the total construction time, and the cost consumed by tool abrasion can reach about 1/3 of the whole engineering cost.
The abrasiveness of a rock is mainly determined by the strength and mineral composition of the rock, i.e. the higher the proportion of hard mineral constituents in the rock, the harder the rock and the higher its abrasiveness. Some researches adopt quartz content to evaluate the strength of the rock abrasiveness, and the quartz is considered to be the main abrasive mineral in the rock, but besides the quartz, minerals with high hardness such as feldspar, pyroxene and amphibole in the rock have a large influence on the rock abrasiveness, so that the rock abrasiveness is not fully measured only by using the quartz content, and the influence of each mineral component on the rock abrasiveness needs to be researched. Currently, the Cerchar scratch test is a widely accepted rock abrasiveness test, and the principle of the test is that an alloy steel needle with a conical angle of 90 ° is used to scratch 10mm on the rock surface under the static load of 70N, and then the diameter (unit mm) of the wear surface of the steel needle is measured and read under a microscope, wherein 10 times of the diameter is the final index CAI value, namely 0.1 mm-1 CAI value. The Cerchar scratch test has the advantages of simple device, convenient operation and the like, but the sample is processed into a cylindrical or rectangular standard sample with the diameter or the length and the width of 50mm and the height of 40mm by three processes of drilling, cutting and grinding, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the sample are kept parallel. Because the high-purity natural mineral rock raw material has small size, such as common pyroxene, orthoclase, calcite, biotite, amphibole and the like, the lumpiness is mostly different from several centimeters to ten and several centimeters, the requirements of standard samples are not met, the Cerchar scratch test cannot be carried out, and the abrasiveness of the rock cannot be fully researched.
According to the ISRM recommendation, at least five scratch tests are carried out on each rock sample surface during the Cerchar test, and the average value is taken as the abrasion value of the scratch test, namely, the influence of factors such as the types and contents of mineral components and the cementing mode on the test result is reduced through multiple tests. However, due to the uncontrollable and unpredictable nature of the mineral constituents in the sliding region, the existing test equipment still fails to adequately take into account the effect of the mineral constituents on the abrasiveness of the rock. The existing Cerchar scratch test has the following defects that the content of mineral components of each rock in the sliding distance of a steel needle cannot be accurately measured or obtained, and further the influence of the mineral components on the abrasiveness of the rock cannot be quantitatively researched. The main reasons are that the rock is discontinuous, inhomogeneous and anisotropic, the rock is an aggregate of various minerals in nature, and the types, contents and arrangement modes of mineral components have strong influence on test results; secondly, the test steel needle has a thin needle point, a scratch area is a straight line section of 10mm, and the test range is small, so that the influence of mineral components on test results is enhanced.
According to the search, Chinese patent CN201910504988.8 discloses an accurate detection method for rock mineral abrasiveness, which adopts a self-developed novel rock-like transparent resin material as a medium, and arranges single or multiple high-purity mineral particles on the surface of a mold in advance to cast a sample. However, the invention has the following disadvantages: firstly, for particles with the particle size of more than 10mm in a steel needle sliding area, due to the irregular shape of the ground mineral particles, the surface of the particles is not a horizontal plane, and a resin medium is coagulated in a scratch area of a test surface when a resin sample is poured, so that the test result is influenced; secondly, for the particles with the particle size less than 10mm in the sliding area of the steel needle, the influence of the connection among the mineral particles and the microstructure surface cannot be considered, and in addition, the overall or local arrangement area density of the mineral particles in the actual sliding area is difficult to control due to the small size and different shapes of the particles; thirdly, the simulation test piece can only be tested on one surface of the raw mineral stone, other surfaces of the mineral stone are wrapped in the resin medium and cannot be tested, and meanwhile, the mold has no repeatability and cannot be recycled after the test is finished.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the abrasiveness of a small-size rock. The device can carry out the abrasiveness test to the rock that does not satisfy Cerchar scratch test standard sample requirement, and the abrasiveness of research mineral rock raw materials or weak rock is surveyed the quantitative law that mineral composition influences TBM hobbing cutter abrasion, provides actual reference standard for TBM hobbing cutter wearing and tearing.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a small-size rock abrasiveness testing device, characterized in that: the device comprises a sample die, wherein the sample die is formed by combining an outer shell and an inner shell;
the inner shell is of a square structure with holes on the side wall and is supported by a support column; the supporting column is positioned in the center of the bottom surface of the outer shell, and the inner shell is used for placing a sample;
a telescopic device is connected between the side wall of the inner shell and the opposite side wall of the outer shell; the telescoping device penetrates out of the side wall open hole of the inner shell, and the side face of the pattern can be supported through telescoping.
Furthermore, the inner shell and the outer shell are fixed through pouring of filling materials.
Further, the outer shell size meets the size requirements of the Cerchar standard sample.
Further, the length, width and height of the outer shell are 50mm × 50mm × 40mm respectively.
Further, the inner shell needs to meet the requirements of Cerchar test scratch length.
Furthermore, the length, the width and the height of the inner shell are both larger than 10 mm. Preferably, the length, width and height of the inner shell are respectively 15mm multiplied by 15 mm.
Further, the height of the inner shell 3 is 2mm-5mm higher than that of the outer shell 2.
Further, the telescopic device comprises a screw rod, a first threaded sleeve and a second threaded sleeve;
the screw rod is of a two-section structure and is respectively provided with reverse threads;
the screw is in threaded connection with the first threaded sleeve and the second threaded sleeve;
the first threaded sleeve is connected with a circular plate to support a sample;
the second threaded sleeve is connected to the outer housing sidewall.
Further, the diameter of the circular plate is larger than 10mm and smaller than the diameter of the inscribed circle on the surface of the inner shell. Preferably, the circular plate has a diameter of 15 mm.
Furthermore, a hexagon nut is arranged in the middle of the screw rod; the second threaded sleeve is then attached to the housing sidewall by a nut.
The invention also provides a method for testing the abrasiveness of the small-size rock by using the small-size rock abrasiveness testing device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): processing the sample into a cube with the side length larger than 10mm and smaller than the length of the inner shell, keeping each surface of the sample flat, and keeping the flatness tolerance of the end face of the sample less than 0.05 mm;
step 2): placing the sample in an inner housing;
step 3): rotating the screw rod to extend the telescopic device so as to tightly support the side face of the sample;
step 4): performing abrasiveness test by using an ATA-IGGI rock abrasion servo tester, recording test results, and taking out a sample after the test is finished;
step 5): taking the anisotropy of the sample into consideration, performing the abrasion test again in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first test, and repeating the steps 2) to 4);
step 6): taking the microstructure surface of the sample into consideration, performing abrasiveness tests on two adjacent surfaces of the test surface, and repeating the steps 2) to 5);
step 7): and calculating the average value of the results of the six tests, namely the abrasion value of the sample.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can be used for carrying out abrasiveness test on samples such as natural minerals or soft broken rocks with the size not meeting the requirements of Cerchar standard samples, determining the quantitative relation between mineral components and abrasion values, comprehensively considering the influence of various mineral components or soft broken rocks on the abrasiveness of the rocks, and providing a reference standard for TBM hob abrasion mechanism and abrasion prediction research.
2. The invention effectively reduces the size requirement on the sample through the telescopic device, the sample size can meet a certain negative tolerance, the size of the circular plate is close to that of the sample, the circular plate is fixedly connected with the telescopic device, the sample is fixed through the telescopic device, the extrusion force of the circular plate uniformly acts on the surface of the sample, and the influence of sample disturbance on a test result is avoided.
3. The test method has simple test process, and the test result is the average value of six surfaces, so that the influence of internal defects such as mineral cleavage, microcracks, interparticle gaps, lattice defects, lattice boundaries and the like can be reduced.
4. The telescopic device is telescopic through the hexagon nut connected to the bolt, so that the operation is simple, and the device is convenient to disassemble and replace. Meanwhile, the die is convenient to prepare, the test device can be recycled, and the die is widely applicable to the abrasiveness test of small-size rocks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a small-sized rock abrasiveness testing apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a small-scale rock abrasiveness testing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a small-scale rock abrasiveness testing apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the retractor;
in the figure, 1-sample mold, 2-outer shell, 3-inner shell, 4-telescoping device, 5-screw, 6-thread sleeve, 6.1-inner thread sleeve, 6.2-outer thread sleeve, 7-circular plate, 8-middle part of two shells, 9-support column, 10-hexagon nut, 11-nut.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments, to which the invention is not restricted at all.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a small-sized rock abrasiveness testing apparatus includes a sample mold 1. The sample mold 1 is composed of an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 3. The inner shell and the outer shell are of a square structure. The side wall of the inner shell 3 is provided with a hole slightly larger than the circular plate 7 so as to be convenient for penetrating the telescopic device 4, and the inner shell 3 is supported by a support column 9; the supporting column 9 is located at the center of the bottom surface of the outer shell 2, and the inner shell 3 is used for placing samples. The inner shell and the outer shell are fixed by pouring through filling materials. The size of the outer shell 2 meets the size requirement of a Cerchar standard sample, and the length, the width and the height are respectively 50mm multiplied by 40 mm. The inner shell 3 is required to meet the requirements of the Cerchar test scratch length (10 mm). Preferably, the length, width and height are 15mm × 15mm × 15mm, respectively. The height of the inner shell 3 is 2mm-5mm higher than that of the outer shell 2, and the height can be selected according to actual conditions so that the tweezers can clamp a sample conveniently. The upper end face and the lower end face of the sample are kept parallel, the flatness tolerance of the end face of the sample is less than 0.05mm, and the perpendicularity deviation of the end face to the axis of the sample is less than or equal to 0.25 degrees. The support columns 9 are 10mm in diameter.
And a telescopic device 4 is connected between the side wall of the inner shell and the side wall of the opposite outer shell. The end of the expansion device 4 provided with the circular plate 7 can penetrate through the side wall opening of the inner shell 3, and the side face of the sample can be supported through expansion. The telescopic device 4 comprises a screw 5, a first threaded sleeve 6.1 and a second threaded sleeve 6.2.
The screw 5 is of a two-section structure and is provided with reverse threads respectively, and a hexagonal nut 10 is arranged between the two threads, so that the screw 5 can be rotated conveniently. The reverse threads are arranged, so that when the screw rod 5 rotates, the threaded sleeve moves in the opposite direction to achieve the telescopic effect. Taking fig. 4 as an example, the view from the nut 11 to the circular plate 7 shows that the inner half of the bolt 5 is left-handed threaded, the outer half is right-handed threaded, the corresponding inner threaded sleeve 6.1 is left-handed threaded and the outer threaded sleeve 6.2 is right-handed threaded, and the bolt can be extended when rotated clockwise and shortened when rotated counterclockwise.
The screw rod 5 is in threaded connection with a first threaded sleeve 6.1 and a second threaded sleeve 6.2; a circular plate 7 is connected to the first threaded sleeve 6.1 to support the sample; said second threaded sleeve 6.2 is connected to the outer housing side wall. The diameter of the circular plate 7 is larger than 10mm and smaller than the diameter of the inscribed circle of the surface of the inner shell. Preferably, the circular plate 7 has a diameter of 15 mm.
The method for testing the abrasiveness of the small-size rock by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
step 1): processing the sample into a cube with the side length larger than 10mm and smaller than the length of the inner shell, keeping each surface of the sample flat, and keeping the flatness tolerance of the end face of the sample less than 0.05 mm;
step 2): placing the sample in the inner housing 3 using tweezers;
step 3): the four hexagonal nuts 10 are rotated clockwise to extend the extension and contraction device 4, so that the circular plate 7 is closely attached to the surface of the sample.
Step 4): performing abrasiveness test by using an ATA-IGGI rock abrasion servo tester, recording test results, rotating the four hexagon nuts 10 anticlockwise, and taking out a sample;
step 5): considering the anisotropy of the sample, performing the abrasion test again in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first test, and repeating the steps 2 to 4;
step 6): taking the microstructure surface of the sample into consideration, performing abrasiveness tests on two adjacent surfaces of the test surface, and repeating the steps 2 to 5;
step 7): and calculating the average value of the results of the six tests, namely the abrasion value of the sample.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A small-size rock abrasiveness testing device, characterized in that: the device comprises a sample die, wherein the sample die is formed by combining an outer shell and an inner shell;
the inner shell is of a square structure with holes on the side wall and is supported by a support column; the supporting column is positioned in the center of the bottom surface of the outer shell, and the inner shell is used for placing a sample;
a telescopic device is connected between the side wall of the inner shell and the opposite side wall of the outer shell; the telescoping device penetrates out of the side wall hole of the inner shell, and the side face of the sample can be supported through telescoping.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and the inner shell and the outer shell are fixed by pouring through filling materials.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outer shell size meets the size requirements of the Cerchar standard sample.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the length, width and height of the outer shell are respectively 50mm multiplied by 40 mm.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inner shell needs to meet the requirements of Cerchar test scratch length.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the length, width and height of the inner shell are all larger than 10 mm.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the height of the inner shell 3 is 2mm-5mm higher than that of the outer shell 2.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the telescopic device comprises a screw rod, a first threaded sleeve and a second threaded sleeve;
the screw rod is of a two-section structure and is respectively provided with reverse threads;
the screw is in threaded connection with the first threaded sleeve and the second threaded sleeve;
the first threaded sleeve is connected with a circular plate to support a sample;
the second threaded sleeve is connected to the outer housing sidewall.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein: a hexagonal nut is arranged in the middle of the screw rod; the second threaded sleeve is then attached to the housing sidewall by a nut.
10. A method for testing the abrasiveness of small-sized rocks using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
step 1): processing the sample into a cube with the side length larger than 10mm and smaller than the length of the inner shell, keeping each surface of the sample flat, and keeping the flatness tolerance of the end face of the sample less than 0.05 mm;
step 2): placing the sample in an inner housing;
step 3): rotating the screw rod to extend the telescopic device so as to tightly support the side face of the sample;
step 4): performing abrasiveness test by using an ATA-IGGI rock abrasion servo tester, recording test results, and taking out a sample after the test is finished;
step 5): taking the anisotropy of the sample into consideration, performing the abrasion test again in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first test, and repeating the steps 2) to 4);
step 6): taking the microstructure surface of the sample into consideration, performing abrasiveness tests on two adjacent surfaces of the test surface, and repeating the steps 2) to 5);
step 7): and calculating the average value of the results of the six tests, namely the abrasion value of the sample.
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| CN202111247804.8A CN114018740A (en) | 2021-10-26 | 2021-10-26 | Small-size rock abrasiveness testing device and method |
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Application publication date: 20220208 |