CN114017028A - Rock stratum splitting equipment and tunnel top rock stratum splitting method - Google Patents
Rock stratum splitting equipment and tunnel top rock stratum splitting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114017028A CN114017028A CN202111239173.5A CN202111239173A CN114017028A CN 114017028 A CN114017028 A CN 114017028A CN 202111239173 A CN202111239173 A CN 202111239173A CN 114017028 A CN114017028 A CN 114017028A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock stratum splitting device and a roadway top rock stratum splitting method. The rock stratum splitting equipment and the roadway top rock stratum splitting method disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the high-pressure water pump is adopted to supply high-pressure water into the bidirectional splitting device, and the splitting rod is pushed out by the high-pressure water to act on the hole wall of the drill hole of the roadway top rock stratum so as to split the roadway top rock stratum into the gaps, so that the operation is convenient, and the safety is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of roadway roof cutting splitting pressure relief, in particular to rock stratum splitting equipment and a roadway roof rock stratum splitting method.
Background
In the coal mining process, the roof rock stratum of the roadway is sometimes required to be split and decompressed. At present, blasting pressure relief is mainly adopted for coal mine underground gob-side entry retaining roof cutting pressure relief, explosive needs to be installed in a drill hole of a rock stratum, the efficiency is low, the labor intensity is high, and potential safety hazards exist.
In view of this, it is necessary to provide a rock stratum splitting apparatus and a top rock stratum splitting method with convenient operation and high safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide rock stratum splitting equipment and a tunnel top rock stratum splitting method which are convenient to operate and high in safety.
The technical scheme of the invention provides rock stratum splitting equipment which comprises a drilling machine, a plurality of drill rods, a two-way splitting device, a water tank and a high-pressure water pump, wherein the drill rods are sequentially connected through threads;
the drilling machine comprises an upright post, a clamp fixedly arranged on the upright post and used for clamping the drill rod, and a lifting platform which is positioned below the clamp and used for conveying the drill rod to the clamp, wherein the lifting platform is connected with the upright post in a sliding manner through a sliding frame;
the bidirectional splitting device is arranged on the uppermost drill rod through a connecting cylinder;
the bidirectional splitting device comprises a cylinder with a flow channel and a plurality of pairs of splitting rods which are arranged in the cylinder and can extend and retract;
a plurality of pairs of mounting holes are formed in the column body at intervals, each splitting rod is slidably mounted in one mounting hole, a limiting step for limiting the splitting rod is arranged in each mounting hole, and a partition plate is mounted on an orifice of the mounting cavity facing the flow channel side;
the splitting rod is provided with an installation cavity, a spring is arranged in the installation cavity, the spring is connected between the partition plate and the splitting rod, a communication hole for communicating the installation cavity with the flow channel is formed in the partition plate, and a baffle capable of being matched with the limiting step is arranged on the splitting rod;
the lower end of the column body is provided with a valve joint communicated with the flow channel, the valve joint extends into the connecting cylinder and comprises a liquid inlet valve and a liquid return valve, and the cylinder wall of the connecting cylinder is provided with a cylinder wall opening;
the water inlet of the high-pressure pump is communicated with the water tank, the water outlet of the high-pressure pump is connected with the liquid inlet valve through a water supply pipe, the liquid return valve is connected with the water tank through a water return pipe, and the water supply pipe and the water return pipe penetrate through the cylinder wall opening.
In one optional technical scheme, the clamp comprises a sleeve which is arranged on the upright column through a fixed frame and is used for the drill rod to pass through, and a first air cylinder which is arranged on the sleeve and is used for clamping the drill rod;
the piston rod of the first cylinder extends towards the axis of the sleeve.
In one optional technical scheme, a turntable and a motor for driving the turntable to rotate are mounted on the lifting platform;
the rotary table is provided with a rotary table groove for placing the lower end of the drill rod, a second air cylinder for clamping the drill rod is arranged on the wall of the rotary table groove, and a piston rod of the second air cylinder extends towards the axis of the rotary table.
In one optional technical scheme, a lifting oil cylinder is connected below the lifting platform.
In one optional technical scheme, a rack is arranged on the upright column, a motor is installed on the lifting platform, a gear is installed at the output end of the motor, and the gear is meshed with the rack.
In one optional technical scheme, the top end of the column body is a conical guide end.
In one optional technical scheme, the lower end of the drill rod is provided with a lower drill rod connecting end in a cone frustum shape, and the lower drill rod connecting end is provided with an external thread;
the upper end of the drill rod is provided with a cone-frustum-shaped drill rod upper connecting groove, and an internal thread is arranged in the drill rod upper connecting groove;
in any two adjacent drill rods, the lower connecting end of the drill rod above the drill rod is in threaded connection with the upper connecting groove of the drill rod below the drill rod.
In one optional technical scheme, the lower end of the connecting cylinder is connected with the drill rod through an adapter, the lower end of the adapter is provided with a lower adapter connecting end in a circular truncated cone shape, the upper end of the adapter is provided with an upper cylindrical adapter connecting end, and the lower adapter connecting end and the upper adapter connecting end are respectively provided with an external thread;
the upper connecting end of the adapter is in threaded connection with the connecting cylinder, and the lower connecting end of the adapter is in threaded connection with the upper connecting groove of the drill rod.
In an alternative solution, the water supply pipe and the water return pipe are tied to the drill rod connected to the connecting cylinder.
The technical scheme of the invention also provides a roadway top rock stratum splitting method, which adopts the rock stratum splitting equipment in any one of the technical schemes;
the rock stratum bidirectional splitting method comprises the following steps:
s1: drilling a borehole into a top rock layer of the roadway in the crossheading of the stope face;
s2: connecting the bidirectional splitting device with a drill rod, and clamping the drill rod through a clamp;
s3: placing the next drill rod on the lifting platform, and connecting and fixing the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod;
s4: loosening the clamp, after the lifting platform rises for a preset distance, clamping the next drill rod through the clamp, and returning the lifting platform to the initial position;
s5: repeatedly executing S3-S4 until the bidirectional splitting device is sent to a designated position in the drill hole;
s6: starting a high-pressure water pump to supply high-pressure water into a flow channel of the bidirectional splitting device through a water supply pipe, enabling the high-pressure water to enter the installation cavity through a communication hole of the partition plate and ejecting the end part of the splitting rod out of the installation hole so as to split the top rock stratum of the roadway;
s7: after splitting is completed, the high-pressure water pump is closed, and water in the installation cavity and the flow channel returns to the water tank through the water return pipe;
s8: and (4) sending the bidirectional splitting device to the next designated position in the drill hole, and executing the steps S7-S8 until the bidirectional splitting of the top rock stratum of the roadway is completed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the rock stratum splitting equipment and the roadway top rock stratum splitting method provided by the invention have the advantages that the high-pressure water pump is adopted to supply high-pressure water into the bidirectional splitting device, and the splitting rod is pushed out by the high-pressure water to act on the hole wall of the drill hole of the roadway top rock stratum so as to split the roadway top rock stratum into the gaps, so that the operation is convenient, and the safety is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock stratum splitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, when performing splitting operation on a top rock stratum of a roadway;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a formation cleaving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lift cylinder connected to the underside of a lift table on a column of a drilling rig;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a motor mounted on a lifting table on an upright post of a drilling machine, with a gear of the motor engaged with a rack on the upright post;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the turntable coupled to a motor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fixture with the sleeve having a first cylinder mounted thereon;
figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the bidirectional splitting apparatus, the connecting cylinder and the adaptor;
figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a bi-directional cleaving device;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the cleaving bar in an initial position in the mounting hole;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the cleaving rod being extended from the mounting hole under the influence of water pressure;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a pair of mounting holes in the column;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the connection of a valve fitting, a connecting cylinder, a water supply pipe and a water return pipe;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a connecting cylinder having a cylinder wall opening in the wall;
figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of a drill rod.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 7 to 14, a rock stratum splitting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a drilling machine 1, a plurality of drill pipes 2 connected in sequence by a screw, a bidirectional splitting device 3 for bidirectionally splitting a rock stratum, a water tank 4 for supplying a water source, and a high pressure water pump 5 for supplying high pressure water into the bidirectional splitting device 3.
The drilling machine 1 comprises a vertical column 11, a clamp 12 fixedly installed on the vertical column 11 and used for clamping the drill rod 2, and a lifting platform 13 which is located below the clamp 12 and used for conveying the drill rod 2 to the clamp 12, wherein the lifting platform 13 is connected with the vertical column 11 in a sliding mode through a sliding frame 15.
The bidirectional splitting device 3 is mounted on the uppermost drill rod 2 by a connecting cylinder 6.
The bi-directional cleaving device 3 includes a cylinder 31 having a runner 312 and a plurality of pairs of cleaving rods 32 mounted in the cylinder 31 and capable of extension and retraction.
The cylinder 31 is provided with a plurality of pairs of mounting holes 313 at intervals, each cleaving rod 32 is slidably mounted in one of the mounting holes 313, the mounting holes 313 are provided with limiting steps 314 for limiting the cleaving rods 32, and a partition 33 is mounted on an opening of the mounting cavity 322 facing the flow channel 312.
The splitting rod 32 is provided with a mounting cavity 322, a spring 34 is arranged in the mounting cavity 322, the spring 34 is connected between the partition plate 33 and the splitting rod 32, the partition plate 33 is provided with a communication hole 331 for communicating the mounting cavity 322 with the flow channel 312, and the splitting rod 32 is provided with a baffle 321 which can be matched with the limiting step 314.
The lower end of the column 31 is provided with a valve joint 35 communicated with the flow passage 312, the valve joint 35 extends into the connecting cylinder 6, the valve joint 35 comprises a liquid inlet valve 351 and a liquid return valve 352, and the cylinder wall of the connecting cylinder 6 is provided with a cylinder wall opening 61.
The water inlet of high-pressure pump and water tank 4 intercommunication, the delivery port of high-pressure pump passes through delivery pipe 8 and is connected with feed liquor valve 351, and return valve 352 passes through wet return 9 and is connected with water tank 4, and delivery pipe 8 and wet return 9 all pass section of thick bamboo wall opening 61.
The rock stratum splitting equipment provided by the invention is used for splitting the top rock stratum 300 of the roadway above the coal seam 200, so that the top rock stratum 300 of the roadway is split into a certain gap, and pressure relief of the rock stratum is realized.
The rock stratum splitting equipment comprises a drilling machine 1, a drill rod 2, a two-way splitting device 3, a water tank 4, a high-pressure water pump 5, a water supply pipe 8 and a water return pipe 9.
The drilling machine 1 has a mast 11, which mast 11 can be a hydraulic mast. A jig 12 is attached to the upper end of the column 11, and an elevating table 13 is attached to the column 11 below the jig 12. The lifting table 13 is connected to the column 11 via a carriage 15. The lifting platform 13 can slide up and down along the upright post 11 to provide guidance for the lifting of the lifting platform 13. The clamp 12 may clamp the drill rod 2 to stabilise the drill rod 2 and the bi-directional cleaving device 3 in the borehole 400. The elevator table 13 may push the next drill rod 2 upwards so that the upper drill rod 2 and the two-way cleaving device 3 move upwards in the borehole 400.
The drill rods 2 adjacent to each other up and down are connected through threads. The lower end of the bidirectional splitting device 3 is connected to the drill rod 2 at the uppermost end through a connecting cylinder 6.
The bidirectional splitting device 3 is used for splitting the roadway top rock layer 300 in two directions. The bidirectional cleaving device 3 includes a cylinder 31, pairs of cleaving rods 32, a spacer 33, a spring 34 and a valve fitting 35.
The center of the column 31 has a flow channel 312 extending up and down, the lower end of the flow channel 312 is open at the bottom of the column 31, and the upper end of the flow channel 312 is closed.
A plurality of pairs of mounting holes 313 are arranged in the column 31 at intervals in the up-down direction, and each pair of mounting holes 313 is arranged on opposite sides of the axis of the column 31, so that two rows of the mounting holes 313 are formed at the opposite sides of the column 31 at intervals up and down. The side wall of the mounting hole 313 has a stopper step 314.
A cleaving rod 32 is fitted in each mounting hole 313 with a clearance, and a dust ring 315 and a seal ring 316 are mounted between the head end of the cleaving rod 32 and the wall of the mounting hole 313. The dust ring 315 is located outside the seal ring 316. The dust ring 315 prevents external dust from entering the mounting hole 313. The sealing ring 316 prevents water 10 from flowing out of the gap between the cleaving rod 32 and the wall of the bore 313.
The tail of the cleaving rod 32 has a stop 321, and the tail of the cleaving rod 32 also has a mounting cavity 322 opening to the runner 312.
The partition 33 is installed in the flow passage 312 for blocking the opening of the installation hole 313 toward the flow passage 312. The partition plate 33 has a communication hole 331, and the communication hole 331 communicates the flow path 312 and the mounting chamber 322.
The spring 34 is a compression spring which is connected between the spacer 33 and the wall of the mounting cavity 322 and is used to pull the cleaving rod 32 so that the cleaving rod 32 retracts into the mounting hole 313.
When the cleaving bar 32 is in the initial position, the cleaving bar 32 is retracted into the mounting bore 313, the trailing end of the cleaving bar 32 contacts the spacer 33 and the stop 321 clears the stop step 314.
When the installation cavity 322 enters high-pressure water 10, the water pressure drives the splitting rod 32 to move and extend towards the outer side of the installation hole 313, the head end of the splitting rod 32 abuts against the hole wall of the drill hole 400, and the roadway top rock layer 300 can be split into gaps.
The valve adapter 35 is installed at the lower end of the cylinder 31 and the upper end thereof is connected in the flow passage 312. The lower end of the valve connector 35 is in the connector barrel 6. The connecting cylinder 6 has a cylinder wall opening 61 in its wall for the passage of a water line. Both the water supply pipe 8 and the water return pipe 9 pass through the cylindrical wall opening 61.
The valve joint 35 comprises a liquid inlet valve 351 and a liquid return valve 352. A high-pressure pump 5 is mounted on the water tank 4. The water outlet of the high-pressure pump 5 is connected with a liquid inlet valve 351 through a water supply pipe 8, and a liquid return valve 352 is connected with the water tank 4 through a water return pipe 9.
The liquid inlet valve 351 may employ a solenoid valve, which is a one-way valve that allows only water to enter the flow passage 312. The liquid return valve 352 may be a solenoid valve, which is a one-way valve that only allows water to flow out of the flow passage 312. When the high-pressure pump 5 is operated, the liquid inlet valve 351 is opened, and the liquid return valve 352 is closed, so that the water 10 in the flow passage 312 is prevented from flowing out of the liquid return valve 352. When the high pressure pump 5 stops working, the liquid return valve 352 is opened, the liquid inlet valve 351 is closed, and the water 10 in the flow passage 312 can flow out of the liquid return valve 352.
The water pressure in the invention is determined by the high-pressure pump 5, and the water pressure can be selected according to the requirement.
When the rock stratum splitting equipment is used for splitting the top rock stratum 300 of the roadway in two directions, the drilling machine 1, the water tank 4 and the high-pressure water pump 5 are installed in the stope face gateway 100. A drill bit is mounted on the drill rod 2. A borehole 400 is then drilled through the coal seam 200 and the roof layer 300 upwardly within the rig 2. After drilling 400 is complete, the drill rod 2 and drill bit are removed. And then the bidirectional splitting device 3 is connected with a drill rod 2 through a connecting cylinder 6. The elevator table 13 then moves the drill rod 2 and the two-way cleaving device 3 upwards, and after moving into position, the drill rod 2 is gripped by the gripper 12 and the elevator table 13 returns to the initial position. And then the next drill rod 2 is placed on the lifting platform 13, and the drill rod 2 below is rotated, so that the upper drill rod 2 and the lower drill rod 2 are connected and fixed well through threads. Then the clamp 12 is released, the lifting platform 13 is lifted for a preset distance, and then the next drill rod 2 is clamped by the clamp 12, and the operation is repeated in sequence until the bidirectional splitting device 3 is sent to the specified position in the drill hole 400. And starting the high-pressure water pump 5 to supply high-pressure water into the flow channel 312 of the bidirectional splitting device 3 through the water supply pipe 8, wherein the high-pressure water enters the installation cavity 322 through the communication hole 331 of the partition plate 33 and pushes out the end part of the splitting rod 32 from the installation hole 313 so as to split the top rock layer 300 of the roadway. Because the two sides of the column 31 are provided with the row of the splitting rods 32, the column can be propped against the hole walls of the two opposite sides of the drill hole 400 so as to split the roadway top rock layer 300 in two directions, and the pressure relief of a crack formed in the roadway top rock layer 300 is facilitated.
After the splitting is completed, the high pressure water pump 5 is turned off, and the water 10 in the installation cavity 322 and the flow passage 312 returns to the water tank 4 through the water return pipe 9.
Then, according to the previous steps, the bidirectional splitting device 3 is moved upwards to be sent to the next designated position in the drill hole 400, and then the bidirectional splitting is performed on the section of the top roadway rock layer 300 until the splitting operation of the preset area of the top roadway rock layer 300 is completed.
In one of the embodiments, as shown in fig. 3-4 and 6, the clamp 12 comprises a sleeve 121 mounted on the upright 11 by means of the fixing frame 14 for the passage of the rod 2 and a first cylinder 122 mounted on the sleeve 121 for clamping the rod 2. The piston rod 1221 of the first cylinder 122 extends toward the axis of the sleeve 121.
In the present embodiment, the jig 12 includes a sleeve 121 and a first cylinder 122. The sleeve 121 is mounted on the column 11 by the fixing frame 14, and the drill rod 2 can pass through the through hole of the sleeve 121. The first cylinder 122 is mounted on the wall of the sleeve 121 with its piston rod 1221 extending towards the axis of the sleeve 121.
After the elevator table 13 moves the drill rod 2 upward to a preset distance, the lower end of the drill rod 2 is seated in the sleeve 121. The first cylinder 122 is then opened and the piston rod 1221 of the first cylinder 122 is extended against the drill rod 2 to temporarily fix the drill rod 2, at which point the elevator table 13 may be reset to the initial position.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-5, a turntable 16 and a motor 17 for driving the turntable 16 to rotate are mounted on the lifting table 13.
The rotary table 16 has a rotary table groove 161 on which the lower end of the drill rod 2 is placed, a second air cylinder 162 for clamping the drill rod 2 is provided on a groove wall of the rotary table groove 161, and a piston rod 1621 of the second air cylinder 162 extends toward the axis of the rotary table 16.
In this embodiment, a turntable 16 is installed on the top surface of the lifting platform 13, a motor 17 is installed inside the lifting platform 13 or below the lifting platform 13, and an output shaft of the motor 17 is connected to the rotation 16 for driving the turntable 16 to rotate. The rotary table 16 has a rotary table recess 161 thereon for receiving the lower end of the drill rod 2. Mounted on the walls of the turntable groove 161 is a second cylinder 162, the piston rod 1621 of which extends towards the axis of the turntable 16 for gripping the drill rod 2.
When the upper and lower drill rods 2 need to be connected, the upper end of the lower drill rod 2 is aligned with the lower end of the upper drill rod 2, while the lifting platform 13 is moved upwards, the motor 17 drives the rotary table 16 to rotate in the forward direction, so that the lower drill rod 2 rotates towards the locking direction, and the upper and lower drill rods 2 are connected together in a threaded manner.
When the upper and lower drill rods 2 need to be disassembled, the lifting platform 13 is moved downwards, and the motor 17 drives the rotary table 16 to rotate reversely, so that the lower drill rod 2 rotates towards the unscrewing direction, and the upper and lower drill rods 2 are disassembled.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a lift cylinder 17 is connected below the lift table 13. In this embodiment, the elevating table 13 is driven to be elevated up and down by the elevating cylinder 17. The piston rod of the lift cylinder 17 is connected to the lift table 13.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a rack 111 is provided on the upright post 11, a motor 18 is installed on the lifting platform 13, a gear 19 is installed on the output end of the motor 18, and the gear 19 is engaged with the rack 111.
In this embodiment, the up-and-down operation of the lifting table 13 is driven by the cooperation of the motor 18, the gear 19 and the rack 111.
The motor 18 is fixedly installed in the elevating platform 13 or installed below the elevating platform 13. The rotating shaft of the gear 19 is connected with the lifting platform 13 through a bracket. The output shaft of the motor 18 can be directly connected with the rotating shaft of the gear 19, and the output shaft of the motor 18 can also be connected with the rotating shaft of the gear 19 through a transmission mechanism (a transmission belt, a transmission gear set) and the like so as to drive the gear 19 to rotate. A rack 111 is fixedly installed at a side of the column 11 facing the elevating platform 13, and the rack 111 extends in a vertical direction. The gear 19 meshes with the rack 111.
When the motor 18 rotates in the forward direction, the gear 19 climbs upward along the rack 111, thereby lifting the lifting table 13. When the motor 18 rotates in the reverse direction, the gear 19 climbs down the rack 111, thereby lowering the lift table 13.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 7-8, the top end of the post 31 is a tapered guide end 311 to help guide the post 31 upward in the bore 400.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2 and 14, the lower end of the drill rod 2 has a lower drill rod coupling end 21 in the shape of a truncated cone, and the lower drill rod coupling end 21 is provided with an external thread. The upper end of the drill rod 2 is provided with a cone-shaped upper drill rod connecting groove 22, and an internal thread is arranged in the upper drill rod connecting groove 22. In any two adjacent drill rods 2, the lower drill rod connecting end 21 of the upper drill rod 2 is screwed into the upper drill rod connecting groove 22 of the lower drill rod 2.
The sections of the lower connecting end 21 of the drill rod and the upper connecting groove 22 of the drill rod are trapezoidal, and the upper part is wide and the lower part is narrow. During connection, the lower drill rod connecting end 21 of the upper drill rod 2 is positioned in the upper drill rod connecting groove 22 of the lower drill rod 2, and the external thread of the lower drill rod connecting end 21 is meshed with the internal thread in the upper drill rod connecting groove 22, so that connection is facilitated.
In one embodiment, as shown in figures 12-13, the lower end of the connector barrel 6 is connected to the drill rod 2 by means of an adapter 7. The lower end of the adapter 7 has a lower adapter connecting end 71 in the shape of a truncated cone, and the upper end of the adapter 7 has an upper cylindrical adapter connecting end 72. External threads are respectively arranged on the adapter lower connecting end 71 and the adapter upper connecting end 72.
The upper adapter coupling end 72 is screwed into the coupling cylinder 6 and the lower adapter coupling end 71 is screwed into the upper drill rod coupling groove 22 of the drill rod 2.
The shape and size of the lower adapter connecting end 71 are the same as those of the lower drill rod connecting end 21, so that the lower adapter connecting end can be conveniently connected with the upper drill rod connecting groove 22.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, both the water supply pipe 8 and the water return pipe 9 are tied to the drill rod 2 connected to the connection cylinder 6, so that both the water supply pipe 8 and the water return pipe 9 can move with the drill rod 2. The water supply pipe 8 and the water return pipe 9 are soft rubber pipes.
Referring to fig. 1 to 14, an embodiment of the present invention provides a roof rock stratum splitting method, which uses the rock stratum splitting apparatus according to any of the foregoing embodiments.
The rock stratum bidirectional splitting method comprises the following steps:
s1: a borehole 400 is drilled into the roof strata 300 within the stope gateway 100.
S2: the two-way cleaving device 3 is connected to a drill rod 2 and the drill rod 2 is gripped by a clamp 12.
S3: and placing the next drill rod 2 on the lifting platform 13, and connecting and fixing the upper drill rod 2 and the lower drill rod 2.
S4: after the clamp 12 is released and the lifting platform 13 is lifted for a preset distance, the next drill rod 2 is clamped by the clamp 12, and the lifting platform 13 returns to the initial position.
S5: S3-S4 are repeated until the bidirectional cleaving device 3 is fed into the bore 400 at the designated location.
S6: and starting the high-pressure water pump 5 to supply high-pressure water into the flow channel 312 of the bidirectional splitting device 3 through the water supply pipe 8, wherein the high-pressure water enters the installation cavity 322 through the communication hole 331 of the partition plate 33 and pushes out the end part of the splitting rod 32 from the installation hole 313 so as to split the top rock layer 300 of the roadway.
S7: after the splitting is completed, the high pressure water pump 5 is turned off, and the water in the installation cavity 322 and the flow passage 312 returns to the water tank 4 through the water return pipe 9.
S8: the bidirectional splitting apparatus 3 is advanced to the next designated position in the borehole 400 and steps S7-S8 are performed until the bidirectional splitting of the roof strata 300 is completed.
When the rock stratum splitting equipment is used for splitting the top rock stratum 300 of the roadway in two directions, the drilling machine 1, the water tank 4 and the high-pressure water pump 5 are installed in the stope face gateway 100. A drill bit is mounted on the drill rod 2. A borehole 400 is then drilled through the coal seam 200 and the roof layer 300 upwardly within the rig 2. After drilling 400 is complete, the drill rod 2 and drill bit are removed. And then the bidirectional splitting device 3 is connected with a drill rod 2 through a connecting cylinder 6. The elevator table 13 then moves the drill rod 2 and the two-way cleaving device 3 upwards, and after moving into position, the drill rod 2 is gripped by the gripper 12 and the elevator table 13 returns to the initial position. And then the next drill rod 2 is placed on the lifting platform 13, and the drill rod 2 below is rotated, so that the upper drill rod 2 and the lower drill rod 2 are connected and fixed well through threads. Then the clamp 12 is released, the lifting platform 13 is lifted for a preset distance, and then the next drill rod 2 is clamped by the clamp 12, and the operation is repeated in sequence until the bidirectional splitting device 3 is sent to the specified position in the drill hole 400. And starting the high-pressure water pump 5 to supply high-pressure water into the flow channel 312 of the bidirectional splitting device 3 through the water supply pipe 8, wherein the high-pressure water enters the installation cavity 322 through the communication hole 331 of the partition plate 33 and pushes out the end part of the splitting rod 32 from the installation hole 313 so as to split the top rock layer 300 of the roadway. Because the two sides of the column 31 are provided with the row of the splitting rods 32, the column can be propped against the hole walls of the two opposite sides of the drill hole 400 so as to split the roadway top rock layer 300 in two directions, and the pressure relief of a crack formed in the roadway top rock layer 300 is facilitated.
After the splitting is completed, the high pressure water pump 5 is turned off, and the water 10 in the installation cavity 322 and the flow passage 312 returns to the water tank 4 through the water return pipe 9.
Then, according to the previous steps, the bidirectional splitting device 3 is moved upwards to be sent to the next designated position in the drill hole 400, and then the bidirectional splitting is performed on the section of the top roadway rock layer 300 until the splitting operation of the preset area of the top roadway rock layer 300 is completed.
In summary, according to the rock stratum splitting equipment and the roadway top rock stratum splitting method provided by the invention, the high-pressure water pump is adopted to supply high-pressure water to the bidirectional splitting device, and the splitting rod is pushed out by the high-pressure water to act on the hole wall of the drill hole of the roadway top rock stratum, so that the roadway top rock stratum is split into the gap, the operation is convenient, and the safety is high.
According to the needs, the above technical schemes can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made on the basis of the principle of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be regarded.
Claims (10)
1. The rock stratum splitting equipment is characterized by comprising a drilling machine, a plurality of drill rods, a two-way splitting device, a water tank and a high-pressure water pump, wherein the drill rods are sequentially connected through threads;
the drilling machine comprises an upright post, a clamp fixedly arranged on the upright post and used for clamping the drill rod, and a lifting platform which is positioned below the clamp and used for conveying the drill rod to the clamp, wherein the lifting platform is connected with the upright post in a sliding manner through a sliding frame;
the bidirectional splitting device is arranged on the uppermost drill rod through a connecting cylinder;
the bidirectional splitting device comprises a cylinder with a flow channel and a plurality of pairs of splitting rods which are arranged in the cylinder and can extend and retract;
a plurality of pairs of mounting holes are formed in the column body at intervals, each splitting rod is slidably mounted in one mounting hole, a limiting step for limiting the splitting rod is arranged in each mounting hole, and a partition plate is mounted on an orifice of the mounting cavity facing the flow channel side;
the splitting rod is provided with an installation cavity, a spring is arranged in the installation cavity, the spring is connected between the partition plate and the splitting rod, a communication hole for communicating the installation cavity with the flow channel is formed in the partition plate, and a baffle capable of being matched with the limiting step is arranged on the splitting rod;
the lower end of the column body is provided with a valve joint communicated with the flow channel, the valve joint extends into the connecting cylinder and comprises a liquid inlet valve and a liquid return valve, and the cylinder wall of the connecting cylinder is provided with a cylinder wall opening;
the water inlet of the high-pressure pump is communicated with the water tank, the water outlet of the high-pressure pump is connected with the liquid inlet valve through a water supply pipe, the liquid return valve is connected with the water tank through a water return pipe, and the water supply pipe and the water return pipe penetrate through the cylinder wall opening.
2. The formation cleaving apparatus of claim 1, wherein the clamp comprises a sleeve mounted on the column by a mount for the drill rod to pass through and a first cylinder mounted on the sleeve for gripping the drill rod;
the piston rod of the first cylinder extends towards the axis of the sleeve.
3. The formation cleaving apparatus of claim 1, wherein the elevator table has a turntable mounted thereon and a motor for driving the turntable in rotation;
the rotary table is provided with a rotary table groove for placing the lower end of the drill rod, a second air cylinder for clamping the drill rod is arranged on the wall of the rotary table groove, and a piston rod of the second air cylinder extends towards the axis of the rotary table.
4. A rock formation cleaving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a lift cylinder is connected to the underside of the lift table.
5. The rock stratum splitting apparatus of claim 1, wherein a rack is provided on the column, a motor is mounted on the elevating platform, a gear is mounted on an output end of the motor, and the gear is engaged with the rack.
6. A formation cleaving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the top end of the cylinder is a tapered guide end.
7. The formation cleaving apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower end of the drill rod has a lower drill rod connection end having a truncated cone shape, the lower drill rod connection end being provided with an external thread;
the upper end of the drill rod is provided with a cone-frustum-shaped drill rod upper connecting groove, and an internal thread is arranged in the drill rod upper connecting groove;
in any two adjacent drill rods, the lower connecting end of the drill rod above the drill rod is in threaded connection with the upper connecting groove of the drill rod below the drill rod.
8. The rock stratum splitting apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a lower end of the connecting cylinder is connected to the drill rod through an adapter, a lower end of the adapter has a lower adapter connecting end in a truncated cone shape, an upper end of the adapter has an upper cylindrical adapter connecting end, and the lower adapter connecting end and the upper adapter connecting end are respectively provided with external threads;
the upper connecting end of the adapter is in threaded connection with the connecting cylinder, and the lower connecting end of the adapter is in threaded connection with the upper connecting groove of the drill rod.
9. The formation cleaving apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water supply pipe and the water return pipe are bound to the drill pipe connected to the connector barrel.
10. A roof strata splitting method in a roadway, characterised by using the strata splitting apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9;
the rock stratum bidirectional splitting method comprises the following steps:
s1: drilling a borehole into a top rock layer of the roadway in the crossheading of the stope face;
s2: connecting the bidirectional splitting device with a drill rod, and clamping the drill rod through a clamp;
s3: placing the next drill rod on the lifting platform, and connecting and fixing the upper drill rod and the lower drill rod;
s4: loosening the clamp, after the lifting platform rises for a preset distance, clamping the next drill rod through the clamp, and returning the lifting platform to the initial position;
s5: repeatedly executing S3-S4 until the bidirectional splitting device is sent to a designated position in the drill hole;
s6: starting a high-pressure water pump to supply high-pressure water into a flow channel of the bidirectional splitting device through a water supply pipe, enabling the high-pressure water to enter the installation cavity through a communication hole of the partition plate and ejecting the end part of the splitting rod out of the installation hole so as to split the top rock stratum of the roadway;
s7: after splitting is completed, the high-pressure water pump is closed, and water in the installation cavity and the flow channel returns to the water tank through the water return pipe;
s8: and (4) sending the bidirectional splitting device to the next designated position in the drill hole, and executing the steps S7-S8 until the bidirectional splitting of the top rock stratum of the roadway is completed.
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114635695A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Axial crack-making pre-splitting method |
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