CN114016986B - Compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system - Google Patents
Compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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Abstract
The air compressor air outlet is communicated with the artificial underground heat storage structure through an air pipeline, and the air pipeline is communicated with an air inlet of the air compressor energy storage generator set; the enhanced geothermal exploitation system comprises a ground cold reservoir, a ground hot reservoir, a heat exchange system and a geothermal generator set, wherein the artificial underground thermal storage structure is respectively communicated with the ground cold reservoir and the ground hot reservoir through water pipelines, the ground hot reservoir is communicated with the ground cold reservoir through water pipelines, the water pipelines are provided with the heat exchange system, and the outlets of the heat exchange system are respectively communicated with the geothermal generator set and the air inlets of the compressed air energy storage generator set; the air compressor, the compressed air energy storage generator set and the geothermal generator set are respectively connected with a power grid. The coupling system can simultaneously store compressed air in the geothermal exploitation process, achieves the purpose of 'simultaneous exploitation and storage', and effectively improves the use value and economic benefit of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underground energy storage and geothermal resource development for realizing 'carbon reaching peak and carbon neutralization', in particular to a compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system.
Background
The primary measure for achieving the peak-to-carbon goal is to reduce the use of fossil energy and increase the utilization of green renewable energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic power and the like. In order to cut peaks and fill valleys and balance the supply and demand relationship of a power grid, the renewable energy source has obvious intermittence and fluctuation, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the intermittence renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like, and in recent years, the country clearly indicates that the energy storage technology is to be greatly developed, and the compressed air energy storage is a large-scale physical energy storage technology and has wide application prospect.
The earth has abundant geothermal resources, the total capacity of which is located at the first place of all renewable energy sources, and has huge application and development space. The dry thermal rock is taken as one of geothermal energy and is usually stored in solid rock with a certain depth in the ground, but the thermal energy stored in the dry thermal rock is quite considerable, but the development difficulty is high, and the energy in the dry thermal rock can be extracted by adopting an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) based on hydraulic fracturing or other reservoir excitation technologies, so that the exploitation cost is greatly increased.
The technology of combining compressed air energy storage and geothermal exploitation has not been reported at home and abroad, and has important significance on how to realize the purpose of energy storage in the renewable energy exploitation process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system which can simultaneously store compressed air energy in the geothermal exploitation process, thereby realizing the purpose of 'store while exploitation', and effectively improving the use value and economic benefit of the system.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system comprises a compressed air energy storage system and an enhanced geothermal exploitation system;
the air compressor is provided with an air outlet communicated with an artificial underground heat storage structure through an air pipeline, the air pipeline is communicated with an air inlet of the air compressor energy storage generator set, and the artificial underground heat storage structure is an underground crack grid structure formed in underground dry hot rock through blasting and drilling;
the enhanced geothermal exploitation system comprises a ground cold water reservoir, a ground hot water reservoir, a heat exchange system and a geothermal power generator set, wherein the artificial underground heat storage structure is respectively communicated with the ground cold water reservoir and the ground hot water reservoir through water pipelines, the ground hot water reservoir is communicated with the ground cold water reservoir through water pipelines, the water pipelines are provided with the heat exchange system, and outlets of the heat exchange system are respectively communicated with air inlets of the geothermal power generator set and the compressed air energy storage power generator set;
the air compressor, the compressed air energy storage generator set and the geothermal generator set are respectively connected with a power grid;
when the coupling system is operated for the first time, cold water in the ground cold reservoir flows into the artificial underground heat storage structure through the water passage pipeline, and under the drive of high water head pressure, the cold water flows through the artificial underground heat storage structure to be changed into hot water, so that the geothermal collection process is completed;
in the energy storage stage, the air compressor is driven by surplus energy in the power grid to generate high-pressure air, the high-pressure air enters the artificial underground heat storage structure along the ventilation pipeline, hot water stored in the artificial underground heat storage structure flows into the ground hot reservoir through the water passage pipeline under the drive of the high-pressure air, the hot water in the ground hot reservoir extracts heat through the heat exchange system, most of the heat extracted by the heat exchanger enters the geothermal power generator set to generate power, and the rest of the heat enters the compressed air energy storage power generator set to be used as the complementary heat of the compressed air energy storage system for storage in the energy release stage, so that the compressed air energy storage and geothermal power generation process are completed;
and in the energy release stage, releasing high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure, injecting cold water in the ground cold water reservoir into the artificial underground heat storage structure through a water passage, discharging the high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure into the compressed air energy storage generator set along the air passage, and driving the compressed air energy storage generator set to generate electricity after supplementing heat by the stored heat, so that the electricity generation process of compressed air energy storage is completed.
The compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system of the invention operates in a cycle as follows: the method comprises the steps that cold water in a ground cold reservoir enters a crack grid of an artificial underground heat storage structure to absorb heat and become hot water, high-pressure air enters the crack grid of the artificial underground heat storage structure and presses the hot water to the ground cold reservoir, the hot water releases heat energy through a heat exchange system and drives a geothermal generator set to generate power, when the high-pressure air is released, the cold water in the ground cold reservoir reenters the crack grid of the artificial underground heat storage structure to fill a space discharged by the high-pressure air, and the high-pressure air drives a compressed air energy storage generator set to generate power.
The invention takes a huge artificial underground heat storage structure formed in the geothermal exploitation process as a heat exchange medium between underground dry hot rock and a working medium, and takes the artificial underground heat storage structure as a gas storage space of a compressed gas energy storage system. The invention creatively combines the compressed air energy storage system and the enhanced geothermal exploitation system into one system, can simultaneously store compressed air energy in the geothermal exploitation process, achieves the purpose of 'storing while exploiting', effectively improves the use value and economic benefit of the system, accords with the national energy policy of lowering carbon and reducing emission, and has important significance for achieving the targets of 'carbon reaching peak' and 'carbon neutralization'.
Preferably, the upper side and the lower side of the artificial underground heat storage structure are respectively excavated with a first horizontal tunnel and a second horizontal tunnel, the first horizontal tunnel and the second horizontal tunnel are respectively communicated with the artificial underground heat storage structure, the left side and the right side of the artificial underground heat storage structure are respectively excavated with a first vertical shaft and a second vertical shaft, the first horizontal tunnel is communicated with the first vertical shaft, the second horizontal tunnel is communicated with the second vertical shaft, the ventilation pipeline penetrates through the first vertical shaft to stretch into the first horizontal tunnel, and the water pipe passes through the second vertical shaft to stretch into the second horizontal tunnel.
Preferably, a first concrete sealing plug is arranged between the outer side of the ventilation pipeline and the inner side wall of the first horizontal roadway, and a second concrete sealing plug is arranged between the outer side of the ventilation pipeline and the inner side wall of the second horizontal roadway. The first concrete sealing plug and the second concrete sealing plug are used for preventing high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure from diffusing outwards along the first vertical shaft and the second vertical shaft, so that energy loss is reduced.
Preferably, a first valve is arranged between the air outlet of the air compressor and the ventilation pipeline, a second valve is arranged between the ventilation pipeline and the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage generator set, a third valve is arranged between the water passage pipeline and the inlet of the ground cold water reservoir, a fourth valve is arranged between the water passage pipeline and the inlet of the ground hot water reservoir, the outlet of the heat exchange system is communicated with the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage generator set through a heat supplementing pipeline, and a fifth valve is arranged on the heat supplementing pipeline. The first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve can better control the circulating operation of the whole coupling system, and the automatic switching of the coupling system between different operation stages is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention creatively combines the compressed air energy storage system and the enhanced geothermal exploitation system into one system, can simultaneously store compressed air energy in the geothermal exploitation process, achieves the purpose of 'storing while exploiting', effectively improves the use value and economic benefit of the system, accords with the national energy policy of lowering carbon and reducing emission, and has important significance for achieving the targets of 'carbon reaching peak' and 'carbon neutralization'.
(2) The medium-pressure air energy storage system is a normal-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the pressure of the medium-pressure air energy storage system is kept unchanged in the energy storage process or the energy release process, smooth output of energy is facilitated, and the energy storage efficiency is improved.
(3) The air stored underground can avoid the loss of heat energy of the air, the air can be further heated by the dry hot rock, and the hot high-pressure air is output in the energy release stage, so that the compressed air energy storage system does not need afterburning in the power generation stage, and the whole process can realize carbon-free emission.
(4) According to the invention, an artificial underground heat storage structure formed by blasting and drilling is used as a heat storage fracturing system, compared with a hydraulic fracturing mode adopted by a traditional EGS system, the heat storage fracturing system is easier to control, the heat collection area is larger, meanwhile, the influence on the environment can be reduced, and the risk of inducing earthquakes is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupling system for compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation (arrows in the figure indicate electric energy transfer).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a compressed air energy storage system and an enhanced geothermal exploitation system; the air compressor 1 is communicated with an artificial underground heat storage structure 4 through an air pipeline 3, the air pipeline 3 is communicated with an air inlet of the air compressor energy storage generator set 2, and the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 is an underground crack grid structure formed in underground dry hot rock through blasting and drilling; the enhanced geothermal exploitation system comprises a ground cold reservoir 5, a ground hot reservoir 6, a heat exchange system 7 and a geothermal power generator set 8, wherein the artificial underground thermal storage structure 4 is respectively communicated with the ground cold reservoir 5 and the ground hot reservoir 6 through a water pipeline 9, the ground hot reservoir 6 is communicated with the ground cold reservoir 5 through a water pipeline 10, the heat exchange system 7 is arranged on the water pipeline 10, and the outlet of the heat exchange system 7 is respectively communicated with the geothermal power generator set 8 and the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage power generator set 2; the air compressor 1, the compressed air energy storage generator set 2 and the geothermal generator set 8 are respectively connected with a power grid 11.
In the embodiment, a first horizontal roadway 12 and a second horizontal roadway 13 are respectively excavated on the upper side and the lower side of the artificial underground heat storage structure 4, the first horizontal roadway 12 and the second horizontal roadway 13 are respectively communicated with the artificial underground heat storage structure 4, a first vertical shaft 14 and a second vertical shaft 15 are respectively excavated on the left side and the right side of the artificial underground heat storage structure 4, the first horizontal roadway 12 is communicated with the first vertical shaft 14, the second horizontal roadway 13 is communicated with the second vertical shaft 15, a ventilation pipeline 3 penetrates through the first vertical shaft 14 to extend into the first horizontal roadway 12, and a water pipeline 9 penetrates through the second vertical shaft 15 to extend into the second horizontal roadway 13; a first concrete sealing plug 16 is arranged between the outer side of the ventilation pipeline 3 and the inner side wall of the first horizontal roadway 12, and a second concrete sealing plug 17 is arranged between the outer side of the ventilation pipeline 9 and the inner side wall of the second horizontal roadway 13.
In this embodiment, a first valve 18 is installed between the air outlet of the air compressor 1 and the ventilation pipeline 3, a second valve 19 is installed between the ventilation pipeline 3 and the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage generator set 2, a third valve 20 is installed between the water ventilation pipeline 9 and the inlet of the ground cold water reservoir 5, a fourth valve 21 is installed between the water ventilation pipeline 9 and the inlet of the ground hot water reservoir 6, the outlet of the heat exchange system 7 is communicated with the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage generator set 2 through a heat supplementing pipeline 22, and a fifth valve 23 is installed on the heat supplementing pipeline 22.
The construction process of the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 comprises the following steps: first, structures such as a first vertical shaft 14, a second vertical shaft 15, a first horizontal roadway 12 and a second horizontal roadway 13 are excavated, and surrounding rock is loosened and collapsed by drilling and blasting the roadway in the direction perpendicular to the first horizontal roadway 12 and the second horizontal roadway 13, so that the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 is formed.
The specific operation process of the coupling system is as follows: when the coupling system is operated for the first time, the third valve 20 is opened, the rest valves are kept in a closed state, cold water in the ground cold water reservoir 5 flows into the second horizontal roadway 13 through the water passage 9 and enters the artificial underground heat storage structure 4, the cold water flows through the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 to be changed into hot water under the driving of high water head pressure, and the third valve 20 is closed, so that the geothermal collection process is completed; in the energy storage stage, the first valve 18, the fourth valve 21 and the fifth valve 23 are opened, the rest valves are kept in a closed state, the air compressor 1 is driven by surplus energy in the power grid 11 to generate high-pressure air, the high-pressure air enters the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 along the ventilation pipeline 3, hot water stored in cracks of the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 flows into the ground hot water reservoir 6 through the water through pipeline 9 under the driving of the high-pressure air, hot water in the ground hot water reservoir 6 extracts heat through the heat exchange system 7, most of the heat extracted by the heat exchanger enters the geothermal generator set 8 through the heat supplementing pipeline 22 to generate electricity, the rest heat enters the compressed air energy storage generator set 2 to serve as the heat supplementing heat of the compressed air energy storage system for storage in the energy release stage, and the first valve 18, the fourth valve 21 and the fifth valve 23 are closed, so that the compressed air energy storage and geothermal power generation processes are completed; in the energy release stage, the third valve 20 and the second valve 19 are opened, the rest valves are kept in a closed state, high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 is released, cold water in the ground cold water reservoir 5 is injected into the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 through the water passage 9, at the moment, the high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure 4 is discharged into the air-compressing energy storage generator set 2 along the ventilation pipeline 3, the stored heat is compensated to drive the air-compressing energy storage generator set 2 to generate electricity, and the third valve 20 and the second valve 19 are closed, so that the electricity generation process of air-compressing energy storage is completed. The above is the operation flow of the coupling system in one cycle, and the other cycles repeat the above process.
Claims (4)
1. The compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation coupling system is characterized by comprising a compressed air energy storage system and an enhanced geothermal exploitation system;
the air compressor is provided with an air outlet communicated with an artificial underground heat storage structure through an air pipeline, the air pipeline is communicated with an air inlet of the air compressor energy storage generator set, and the artificial underground heat storage structure is an underground crack grid structure formed in underground dry hot rock through blasting and drilling;
the enhanced geothermal exploitation system comprises a ground cold water reservoir, a ground hot water reservoir, a heat exchange system and a geothermal power generator set, wherein the artificial underground heat storage structure is respectively communicated with the ground cold water reservoir and the ground hot water reservoir through water pipelines, the ground hot water reservoir is communicated with the ground cold water reservoir through water pipelines, the water pipelines are provided with the heat exchange system, and outlets of the heat exchange system are respectively communicated with air inlets of the geothermal power generator set and the compressed air energy storage power generator set;
the air compressor, the compressed air energy storage generator set and the geothermal generator set are respectively connected with a power grid;
when the coupling system is operated for the first time, cold water in the ground cold reservoir flows into the artificial underground heat storage structure through the water passage pipeline, and under the drive of high water head pressure, the cold water flows through the artificial underground heat storage structure to be changed into hot water, so that the geothermal collection process is completed;
in the energy storage stage, the air compressor is driven by surplus energy in the power grid to generate high-pressure air, the high-pressure air enters the artificial underground heat storage structure along the ventilation pipeline, hot water stored in the artificial underground heat storage structure flows into the ground hot reservoir through the water passage pipeline under the drive of the high-pressure air, the hot water in the ground hot reservoir extracts heat through the heat exchange system, most of the heat extracted by the heat exchanger enters the geothermal power generator set to generate power, and the rest of the heat enters the compressed air energy storage power generator set to be used as the complementary heat of the compressed air energy storage system for storage in the energy release stage, so that the compressed air energy storage and geothermal power generation process are completed;
and in the energy release stage, releasing high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure, injecting cold water in the ground cold water reservoir into the artificial underground heat storage structure through a water passage, discharging the high-pressure air in the artificial underground heat storage structure into the compressed air energy storage generator set along the air passage, and driving the compressed air energy storage generator set to generate electricity after supplementing heat by the stored heat, so that the electricity generation process of compressed air energy storage is completed.
2. The coupling system for compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation according to claim 1, wherein a first horizontal tunnel and a second horizontal tunnel are respectively excavated on the upper side and the lower side of the artificial underground thermal storage structure, the first horizontal tunnel and the second horizontal tunnel are respectively communicated with the artificial underground thermal storage structure, a first vertical shaft and a second vertical shaft are respectively excavated on the left side and the right side of the artificial underground thermal storage structure, the first horizontal tunnel is communicated with the first vertical shaft, the second horizontal tunnel is communicated with the second vertical shaft, the ventilation pipeline penetrates through the first vertical shaft to extend into the first horizontal tunnel, and the water pipe penetrates through the second vertical shaft to extend into the second horizontal tunnel.
3. The coupling system for compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation according to claim 2, wherein a first concrete sealing plug is arranged between the outer side of the ventilation pipeline and the inner side wall of the first horizontal roadway, and a second concrete sealing plug is arranged between the outer side of the water ventilation pipeline and the inner side wall of the second horizontal roadway.
4. A coupling system for compressed air energy storage and enhanced geothermal exploitation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a first valve is installed between the air outlet of the air compressor and the ventilation pipeline, a second valve is installed between the ventilation pipeline and the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage generator set, a third valve is installed between the water passage pipeline and the inlet of the ground cold water reservoir, a fourth valve is installed between the water passage pipeline and the inlet of the ground hot water reservoir, the outlet of the heat exchange system is communicated with the air inlet of the compressed air energy storage generator set through a heat supplementing pipeline, and a fifth valve is installed on the heat supplementing pipeline.
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