CN114013151A - Gradient multilayer damping material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gradient multilayer damping material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114013151A CN114013151A CN202111399419.5A CN202111399419A CN114013151A CN 114013151 A CN114013151 A CN 114013151A CN 202111399419 A CN202111399419 A CN 202111399419A CN 114013151 A CN114013151 A CN 114013151A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a gradient multilayer damping material; the multilayer damping film comprises a plurality of damping layers with different glass transition temperatures and a plurality of constraint layers with different elastic moduli, wherein the plurality of damping layers and the plurality of constraint layers are alternately stacked, and the plurality of constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic moduli in the direction away from a coated substrate; the restraint layer comprises a porous polyurethane layer and an aluminum sheet, wherein an epoxy resin layer is coated outside the porous polyurethane layer, and the aluminum sheet is attached to one side of the epoxy resin layer. The constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic modulus, the constraint layer with the small elastic modulus is closer to the base body, the shear loss of the damping layer and the constraint layer is changed from small to large, and the mechanical vibration energy can be transmitted to each damping layer to the maximum extent, so that different temperature ranges of the damping layers are utilized to the maximum extent. Simultaneously, the damping temperature of the damping layer is higher, the strength of the material is higher, and the constraint layer with the larger elastic modulus can be attached to the damping layer with the higher strength to play a better constraint role.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a gradient multilayer damping material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The constraint damping structure is used for absorbing and consuming internal energy of the equipment so as to reduce vibration and noise of the equipment. At present, more applied stages are multilayer constrained damping materials, and the damping performance of a damping structure is integrally improved and the damping temperature range is enlarged by arranging a plurality of damping layers.
Patent CN112092844A discloses a light wide temperature range lamellar restraint damping noise reduction section bar and a preparation method, wherein an IIR/EP lamellar restraint damping structure is adhered to the surface of the aluminum section bar, the lamellar restraint damping structure comprises a plurality of layers of IIR, the IIR is used as a damping layer, the EP is used as a restraint layer, and the use temperature range of the damping material can be widened through the plurality of layers of damping layers so as to realize the light weight of the damping structure.
However, in the scheme, the constraint layer with a single component has a weak constraint force on the damping layer, and the overall damping performance of the constraint damping structure is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gradient multilayer damping material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the gradient multilayer damping material is provided with a plurality of damping layers and a plurality of restraint layers, the plurality of restraint layers are arranged according to gradient, the restraint force of the restraint layers on the damping layers is improved, the restraint layers are provided with porous epoxy resin layers, and when the restraint layers are stressed, the restraint layers can consume internal energy to play a certain damping role, so that the damping performance of a multilayer damping structure is improved as a whole.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a gradient multilayer damping material comprises a plurality of damping layers with different glass transition temperatures and a plurality of constraint layers with different elastic moduli, wherein the plurality of damping layers and the plurality of constraint layers are alternately stacked, and the plurality of constraint layers are arranged in the direction away from a coated substrate from small to large in the elastic modulus;
the restraint layer comprises a porous polyurethane layer and an aluminum sheet, wherein an epoxy resin layer is coated outside the porous polyurethane layer, and the aluminum sheet is attached to one side of the epoxy resin layer.
In the invention, the constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic modulus, the constraint layer with the smaller elastic modulus is closer to the base body, the shear loss of the damping layer and the constraint layer is increased from small to large, and the mechanical vibration energy can be transmitted to each damping layer to the maximum extent, so that different temperature regions of the damping layer are utilized to the maximum extent. Simultaneously, the damping temperature of the damping layer is higher, the strength of the material is higher, and the constraint layer with the larger elastic modulus can be attached to the damping layer with the higher strength to play a better constraint role.
In the invention, the restraint layer contains porous polyurethane and an aluminum sheet, the aluminum sheet in the restraint layer can limit the movement of the damping layer, and the epoxy resin and the polyurethane can provide a certain damping effect, so that the restraint layer not only has the effect of restraining the damping layer, but also has a certain damping effect.
Further, the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in parts by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler and 5-10 parts of solvent;
wherein the reinforcing filler is one or more of chopped glass fiber, chopped basalt fiber and carbon fiber with the length of 0.1-0.5 mm.
In the invention, the reinforcing filler is added into the epoxy resin, on one hand, the epoxy resin layers with different elastic moduli can be obtained by adjusting the proportion of the reinforcing filler, on the other hand, the added short fiber is filled into the epoxy resin, the strength of the epoxy resin is improved, the weight of the epoxy resin layer is reduced, and the light weight of the restraint layer is further realized.
Further, the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in parts by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler, 5-10 parts of solvent, 30-50 parts of cyclodextrin and 1-5 parts of coupling agent.
A certain amount of cyclodextrin is added into the epoxy resin layer, a large number of hydroxyl groups exist in the cyclodextrin, the hydroxyl groups and the molecular chain of the epoxy resin form hydrogen bonds, and in the stress process, the hydrogen bonds are continuously broken and recombined to consume internal energy, so that the epoxy resin layer also has a certain damping effect, and the damping performance of the multilayer material is further improved.
Furthermore, the multiple damping layers are arranged from low to high in glass transition temperature, the aluminum sheet is located between the two damping layers, and the aluminum sheet is connected with the damping layers with the lower glass transition temperature in a sticking mode.
The damping layer is arranged from low to high according to the glass transition temperature, the restraint layer is arranged from small to large according to the elastic modulus, and the damping layer and the restraint layer are matched with each other, namely the small elastic modulus is matched with the low glass transition temperature, so that the damping property of the damping layer is larger. Namely, when the substrate covered with the multiple layers of damping materials is vibrated, one side close to the substrate is stressed firstly, the stress is more obvious, the damping layer with low glass transition temperature is close to the substrate, and the damping layer with high damping temperature is continuously stressed and deformed along with the continuous propagation of the force, so that more deformation energy is generated. The damping performance of the structure is mainly caused by the shear deformation of the damping layer, and the gradient arrangement of the damping layer has the advantages that different damping layers can generate shear deformation at different temperatures, so that the damping temperature is widened. The constraining layers with different elastic moduli and the damping layers with different glass transition temperatures are arranged in a gradient way and are matched with each other, so that the damping contribution of each constraining layer can be exerted to the maximum.
Further, the porous polyurethane layer is polyurethane rigid foam, the thickness of the porous polyurethane layer is 0.1mm-0.5mm, and the average pore diameter is 50-100 um.
Further, the damping layer is butyl rubber or a blend of butyl rubber and hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene resin.
Further, the difference of the glass transition temperatures of the adjacent damping layers is greater than or equal to 5 ℃.
Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the constraint layers is 1500MPa-2500MPa, and the elastic modulus difference between two adjacent constraint layers is greater than or equal to 200 MPa.
Furthermore, the thickness of the damping layer is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the thickness of the constraint layer is 0.5mm-1.5 mm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a gradient multilayer damping material, comprising the following steps
S1, plasticating 100phr of butyl rubber on a double-roll mill for 10min, adding 100phr of CaCO3, then hydrogenating dicyclopentadiene resin to obtain blending, then adding sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid and an accelerant to mix on the double-roll mill for 10min, and mixing uniformly;
s2, carrying out mould pressing vulcanization on a plate vulcanizing machine under the vulcanization condition of 165 ℃ multiplied by T90 and 20MPa, wherein T90 is the positive vulcanization time and is obtained by a vulcanization curve test; then placing the vulcanized blended rubber on a hot-pressing forming machine, hot-pressing for 5min at 130 ℃ under 10MPa, and then cold-pressing to room temperature under the same pressure to form to obtain a damping layer;
s3, adding the raw materials into epoxy resin, mixing uniformly, immersing the porous polyurethane into the epoxy resin, taking out, loading an aluminum sheet on one side of the porous polyurethane, and curing and molding at room temperature to obtain a restraint layer;
s4, the damping layer prepared in the step S2 and the restraint layer prepared in the step S3 are overlapped in a staggered mode, and the damping layer and the restraint layer are bonded with each other to obtain the multilayer damping material.
The invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the multilayer damping material comprises a plurality of constraint layers and a plurality of damping layers, wherein the constraint layers and the damping layers are alternately arranged according to gradients, the elastic modulus of the constraint layers is arranged from small to large, the constraint layer with the smaller elastic modulus is closer to a base body, the shear loss of the damping layers and the constraint layers is increased from small to large, and the mechanical vibration energy can be transmitted into each damping layer to the maximum extent, so that different temperature regions of the damping layers are utilized to the maximum extent. Simultaneously, the damping temperature of the damping layer is higher, the strength of the material is higher, and the constraint layer with the larger elastic modulus can be attached to the damping layer with the higher strength to play a better constraint role.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an inventive multilayer damping material;
icon: 1-damping layer, 2-constraint layer, 21-porous polyurethane layer, 22-aluminum sheet and 23-epoxy resin layer.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
preparing a damping layer; plasticating 100phr IIR on a double-roller open mill for 10min, adding 100phr CaCO3, then adding 50,100,150,200phr of HDCPD resin, preparing blend rubber containing different HDCPD contents, then respectively adding sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid and an accelerator into the blend rubber, mixing for 10min on the double-roller open mill, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed rubber with different HDCPD contents, carrying out mould pressing vulcanization on a flat vulcanizing machine under the vulcanization condition of 165 ℃ multiplied by T90 and 20MPa, placing a certain amount of vulcanized IIR on a hot-pressing forming machine, carrying out hot pressing for 5min at 130 ℃ and 10MPa, and then carrying out cold pressing at the same pressure to room temperature for forming to obtain damping layer sheets with different HDCPD contents, wherein the labels are IIR1, IIR2, IIR3 and IIR4 in sequence;
preparing a restraint layer: selecting porous polyurethane and aluminum sheets with different thicknesses, adding a curing agent, chopped glass fibers and a solvent into epoxy resin, then soaking the porous polyurethane into the epoxy resin, taking out the porous polyurethane and loading the aluminum sheets on one side of the porous polyurethane, and curing and molding at room temperature to obtain constraint layers respectively E1, E2, E3 and E4, wherein the elastic modulus is E1< E2< E3< E4 in sequence; the specific composition ratios of the epoxy resin layers are shown in table 2.
Preparing a multilayer damping material: the damping material is characterized in that a steel plate with the thickness of 1mm is used as a base material, the damping layer and the restraint layer are stacked in a staggered mode, the restraint layer and the damping layer are bonded together by utilizing the self-adhesion of the damping layer material, a multi-layer structure damping material is obtained, and the multi-layer structure damping material is bonded on the base material.
TABLE 1 Multi-layer damping materials of examples 1-5
TABLE 2 formulation of epoxy resin layers of examples 1-5
| Epoxy resin | Curing agent | Reinforcing filler | Solvent(s) | |
| E1 | 100 | 10 | 5 | 10 |
| E2 | 100 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| E3 | 100 | 10 | 15 | 10 |
| E4 | 100 | 10 | 20 | 10 |
In Table 2, the epoxy resin is designated as E20, the curing agent is phenolic amine, the reinforcing filler is 0.15mm chopped glass fiber, and the solvent is diglycidyl ester. In other embodiments of the present invention, chopped basalt fibers, carbon fibers of different lengths may also be used.
Comparative examples 1 to 5:
the damping layers and constraining layers prepared in examples 1-5 were selected to prepare a multilayer constrained damping material in the manner of lamination in table 2. Comparative examples 1 to 4 each of which used the same lamination method as in examples 1 to 4, except that in comparative example 1, a plurality of constraining layers were each E1, and no gradient arrangement was employed; in comparative example 2, the constraints were all E2; in comparative example 3, each of the plurality of constraining layers was E3; in comparative example 4, the plurality of constraining layers were arranged from small to large in elastic modulus, and the damping layers were arranged from large to small in glass transition temperature; in comparative example 5, the damping layer and the constraining layer were disposed in the same manner as in example 5, except that in comparative example 5, the damping layer was different in thickness.
TABLE 3 multilayered damping materials of comparative examples 1-5
The steel materials loaded with the damping materials of examples 1 to 5 and the steel materials of comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to DMA (dynamic thermal mechanical analysis) tests on cantilever beams to obtain composite damping factors of the respective damping structures, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 damping factor of the multilayer damping materials of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5
In the multilayer damping materials prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5, the damping factors of the embodiments 1, 2 and 5 at the temperature of-30 ℃ to 70 ℃ are above 0.14, and the multilayer damping materials meet the use standard of ship damping materials, namely the effective damping temperature range of the damping material base of the embodiments 1, 2 and 5 is-30 ℃ to 70 ℃.
In examples 1 to 5, the damping layers, the gradient arrangement order of the damping layers, and the thicknesses of the constraining layers were the same as those of comparative examples 1 to 5, but in examples 1 to 5, the elastic modulus of each of the constraining layers was different from those of comparative examples 1 to 5, and examples 1 to 5 were gradient-arranged. Specifically, the damping factor after the gradient design of the constrained layer in example 1 is obviously better than the damping factor without the gradient design of the constrained layer in comparative example 1. Similarly, the damping factor after the gradient design of the constrained layer in the example 2 is obviously better than that without the gradient design of the constrained layer in the comparative example 1. The restraint layers are set to have different elastic moduli and are arranged according to a certain gradient, so that the damping performance of the multilayer damping material can be obviously improved.
The damping layer, gradient arrangement order of the damping layer and elastic modulus of the constraining layer used in example 1 are the same as those of examples 2 and 3, and the thickness of the constraining layer used in example 1 is different from those of examples 2 and 3. Specifically, the damping factor of example 1 with a constraining layer thickness of 0.5mm is significantly better than that of comparative example 2 with a constraining layer thickness of 1 mm. The damping factor for a constraining layer thickness of 1mm in example 2 is significantly better than the damping factor for a constraining layer thickness of 1.5mm in example 3. The thickness of the restraint layer is within the range of 0.5mm-1.5mm, the smaller the thickness of the restraint layer is, the more the damping performance of the multilayer damping material is improved, and in the invention, the thickness of the restraint layer is set within the range of 0.5-1.5mm, and the obtained multilayer damping material can meet the requirements of ships. .
The damping layer, the thickness of the constraining layer and the elastic modulus of the constraining layer used in example 1 are the same as those of example 4, and the gradient arrangement order of the damping layer used in example 1 is different from that of example 4. Specifically, the gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layers in example 1 is IIR1, IIR2, IIR3 and IIR4 from low to high in terms of glass transition temperature, and the gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layers in example 4 is IIR4, IIR3, IIR2 and IIR1 from high to low in terms of glass transition temperature; at the temperature of between 30 ℃ below zero and 40 ℃, the damping factor of the embodiment 1 is slightly higher than that of the embodiment 4, and at the temperature of between 50 ℃ and 70 ℃, the damping factor of the embodiment 4 is higher than that of the embodiment 1, which shows that the gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layers is arranged from low to high according to the glass transition temperature, and the damping performance of the multilayer damping material can be obviously improved.
The damping layer, gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layer and thickness of the constraining layer used in example 1 are the same as those in example 5, and the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layer used in example 1 is different from that in example 5. Specifically, the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layers in example 1 is that E1, E2, E3 and E4 are arranged from low to high according to the elastic modulus, the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layers in example 5 is that E4, E3, E2 and E1 are arranged from high to low according to the elastic modulus, the damping factors of example 1 are all higher than that of example 5, and the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layers is arranged from low to high according to the elastic modulus, so that the damping performance of the multilayer damping material can be obviously improved, but compared with the gradient arrangement of the constraining layers in a comparative example, the damping factors of example 1 and example 5 are higher than that of the comparative example, so that the damping performance of the multilayer damping material can be improved by arranging the constraining layers in a gradient manner.
Examples 6 to 10
The difference from examples 1-5 is that the formulation of the materials for the constraining layers of examples 6-10 are different, specifically, the formulation of the epoxy resin layer of examples 6-10 is shown in table 5;
TABLE 5 epoxy layer formulations of examples 6-10
| Epoxy resin | Curing agent | Reinforcing filler | Solvent(s) | Cyclodextrin | Coupling agent | |
| E1 | 100 | 30 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 5 |
| E2 | 70 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 30 | 4 |
| E3 | 80 | 20 | 15 | 5 | 35 | 3 |
| E4 | 90 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 45 | 1 |
Epoxy resin layers were prepared in the formulation of table 5, wherein the damping layers and constraining layers of the multi-layer damping material of example 6 were the same in thickness and arrangement as those of example 1, example 7 was the same as example 2, example 8 was the same as example 3, example 9 was the same as example 4, and example 10 was the same as example 5.
The damping materials prepared in examples 6 to 10 were tested for damping factors at different temperatures by the same test method, and the structures of the damping materials of examples 6 to 10 are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 damping factor of the multilayer damping materials of examples 6-10
| Temperature/. degree.C | -30 | -20 | -10 | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 |
| Example 6 | 0.299 | 0.292 | 0.295 | 0.171 | 0.163 | 0.171 | 0.176 | 0.251 | 0.194 | 0.156 | 0.189 |
| Example 7 | 0.263 | 0.255 | 0.287 | 0.163 | 0.158 | 0.169 | 0.170 | 0.222 | 0.178 | 0.165 | 0.203 |
| Example 8 | 0.252 | 0.244 | 0.262 | 0.159 | 0.149 | 0.150 | 0.162 | 0.169 | 0.177 | 0.172 | 0.179 |
| Example 9 | 0.292 | 0.271 | 0.263 | 0.162 | 0.144 | 0.152 | 0.164 | 0.212 | 0.199 | 0.183 | 0.211 |
| Example 10 | 0.293 | 0.265 | 0.266 | 0.198 | 0.175 | 0.171 | 0.198 | 0.214 | 0.195 | 0.191 | 0.199 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the restraint layer prepared from the epoxy resin has a certain damping effect by adding cyclodextrin and a coupling agent into the epoxy resin layer, and the damping value of the multi-layer damping material prepared from the restraint layer at each temperature is improved (compared with the damping values of the damping materials prepared in examples 1-5).
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A gradient multilayer damping material, characterized by: the multilayer damping film comprises a plurality of damping layers with different glass transition temperatures and a plurality of constraint layers with different elastic moduli, wherein the plurality of damping layers and the plurality of constraint layers are alternately stacked, and the plurality of constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic moduli in the direction away from a coated substrate;
the restraint layer comprises a porous polyurethane layer and an aluminum sheet, wherein an epoxy resin layer is coated outside the porous polyurethane layer, and the aluminum sheet is attached to one side of the epoxy resin layer.
2. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in parts by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler and 5-10 parts of solvent;
wherein the reinforcing filler is one or more of chopped glass fiber, chopped basalt fiber and carbon fiber with the length of 0.1-0.5 mm.
3. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in parts by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler, 5-10 parts of solvent, 30-50 parts of cyclodextrin and 1-5 parts of coupling agent.
4. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the multiple damping layers are arranged from low to high in glass transition temperature, the aluminum sheets are located between the two damping layers, and the aluminum sheets are connected with the damping layers in a sticking mode, wherein the glass transition temperature of the aluminum sheets is lower than that of the damping layers.
5. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the porous polyurethane layer is polyurethane rigid foam, the thickness of the porous polyurethane layer is 0.1mm-0.5mm, and the average pore diameter is 50-100 um.
6. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the damping layer is butyl rubber or a blend of butyl rubber and hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene resin.
7. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the difference of the glass transition temperatures of the adjacent damping layers is greater than or equal to 5 ℃.
8. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic modulus of the constraint layers is 1500MPa-2500MPa, and the elastic modulus difference of two adjacent constraint layers is greater than or equal to 200 MPa.
9. A gradient multilayer damping material according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the damping layer is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the thickness of the restraint layer is 0.5mm-1.5 mm.
10. A method for preparing a gradient multilayer damping material according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: comprises the following steps
S1, plasticating 100phr of butyl rubber on a double-roll mill for 10min, adding 100phr of CaCO3, then hydrogenating dicyclopentadiene resin to obtain blending, then adding sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid and an accelerant to mix on the double-roll mill for 10min, and mixing uniformly;
s2, carrying out mould pressing vulcanization on a plate vulcanizing machine under the vulcanization condition of 165 ℃ multiplied by T90 and 20MPa, wherein T90 is the positive vulcanization time and is obtained by a vulcanization curve test; then placing the vulcanized blended rubber on a hot-pressing forming machine, hot-pressing for 5min at 130 ℃ under 10MPa, and then cold-pressing to room temperature under the same pressure to form to obtain a damping layer;
s3, adding the raw materials into epoxy resin, mixing uniformly, immersing the porous polyurethane layer into the epoxy resin, taking out, loading an aluminum sheet on one side of the porous polyurethane layer, and curing and molding at room temperature to obtain a restraint layer;
s4, the damping layer prepared in the step S2 and the restraint layer prepared in the step S3 are overlapped in a staggered mode, and the damping layer and the restraint layer are bonded with each other to obtain the multilayer damping material.
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