CN114012500A - Lubricating, cooling and complete machine structure of high-speed electric main shaft - Google Patents
Lubricating, cooling and complete machine structure of high-speed electric main shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012500A CN114012500A CN202111425743.XA CN202111425743A CN114012500A CN 114012500 A CN114012500 A CN 114012500A CN 202111425743 A CN202111425743 A CN 202111425743A CN 114012500 A CN114012500 A CN 114012500A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 243
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
- B23Q11/121—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction
- B23Q11/123—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine with lubricating effect for reducing friction for lubricating spindle bearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
- B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
- B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a lubricating and cooling structure of a high-speed electric spindle, which is provided with a front bearing set and a rear bearing set, wherein the front bearing set is provided with a front bearing set lubricating oil path structure; the front bearing set lubricating oil path structure comprises an oil path cavity flow passage, a first lubricating oil channel, a second lubricating oil channel and a lubricating oil discharging channel; one ends of the first lubricating oil channel and the second lubricating oil channel penetrate through the oil channel cavity flow channel to be connected with the lubricating oil discharging channel. The lubricating flow channel of the front bearing group is improved, so that the lubricating effect of the main shaft bearing is improved; and the back bearing oil return spacer ring is arranged, the lubricating oil gas of the upper bearing is recovered to the greatest extent, and meanwhile, the copper ring cooling sleeve is used as a cooling transmission medium of the floating bearing seat, so that the heating phenomenon of the back bearing is reduced, the working state of the back bearing is improved, and the service life of the floating bearing is prolonged. And the front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in a split splicing type, so that the Z-axis stroke is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing equipment, in particular to a lubricating and cooling structure of a high-speed electric spindle and a whole machine structure.
Background
The electric main shaft has a transmission structure mode of combining a built-in motor and a machine tool main shaft into a whole, can be more suitable for high-speed and high-precision rotation, has small vibration quantity, and further meets the actual requirements of precision machining and high-speed cutting of a die numerical control machine.
The bearing is the core of the electric main shaft and the rotating support component thereof, and the lubrication and cooling of the bearing play an important role in the rotating precision, the processing quality and the service life of the main shaft. The traditional lubricating mode mainly comprises grease lubrication and oil lubrication, and the current high-speed electric main shaft mainly adopts oil-gas lubrication. The oil-gas lubrication is that the lubricating oil is mixed with compressed air and sent to an oil nozzle through an oil pipeline, and the mixture is sprayed out of the oil nozzle to a bearing. The oil-gas lubrication of different bearings of part of the main shaft shares one lubrication flow channel, so that the bearing lubrication is not accurate enough, a bearing lubrication oil film is abnormal, the bearing temperature rise is abnormal, and the thermal elongation and the processing precision of the main shaft are affected. Most main shafts use independent lubrication flow passages, so that the bearing lubrication effect is better, but the machining precision of the lubrication flow passages on the shaft sleeve and the bearing seat influences the smooth degree of oil gas, the precision control is not convenient, the machining quantity of deep holes and pores of the shaft sleeve is increased, and the process complexity and the machining cost are increased. In addition, the main shaft of which the rear bearing adopts a constant-pressure pre-tightening mode cannot be cooled by the rear bearing due to the influence of the ball sliding sleeve, so that the rear-end floating bearing seat generates heat seriously, the working state of the rear bearing is worsened, and the service life of the bearing is shortened. The common main shaft bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are designed as independent flanges, the flange design of the bearing seat reduces the installation precision of the whole main shaft machine on a machine tool, the flange design of the shaft sleeve increases the extension amount of the main shaft at the outer end of a main shaft box of the machine tool, reduces the working stroke of a Z shaft of the machine tool, and causes adverse effects on the whole performance of the machine tool.
Patent application No. 201710013652.2 discloses an oil-air lubrication structure, and this lubricating arrangement's import setting also does not occupy the primary space of main shaft front end at the main shaft front end simultaneously, but two bearings sharing one lubricated runner, and lubricated effect is not good. And the lubricating loop needs to pass through the air gaps of the stator and the rotor, so that pollution is caused, the performance of the motor is influenced, and the design value of oil-gas lubrication collection is not high. The main shaft is mounted by adopting a flange of a front bearing seat type, so that the verticality of a main shaft sleeve relative to the mounting flange surface of the front bearing is reduced, the mounting precision of the main shaft on a machine tool is not facilitated, and the performance of the whole machine tool is not facilitated.
Patent application number is 201710079281.8 for accurate oil-gas lubrication structure, this lubricating structure sets up solitary lubricated runner, but has increased the quantity of axle sleeve elongated hole, has increased the sleeve processing technology degree of difficulty to the processingquality of axle sleeve deep hole pore wall is difficult to guarantee, has influenced oil-gas lubrication's unobstructed degree, has brought adverse effect to bearing lubrication.
Patent application No. 200820217125.X, 202022610719.0 discloses a structure for independently cooling and lubricating a front bearing of a main shaft, wherein a shaft sleeve at the front end of the main shaft is provided with a water inlet/outlet and a lubricating inlet, and the structure is arranged at the front end of the main shaft, but occupies most of the external space at the front end of the main shaft, and is not suitable for the type of processing that the head of the main shaft penetrates into a cavity.
Patent application No. 202010583057.4 discloses an electricity main shaft structure of level pressure pretension mode, and it has adopted spring + ball sliding sleeve formula's rear bearing seat floating structure, can't adopt the rear bearing cooling for the rear end floating bearing seat is generated heat seriously, has worsened the operating condition of rear bearing, has reduced the life of bearing. And the electric main shaft adopts the installation design of the flange ring, reduces the coaxiality and the verticality of the main shaft flange relative to the shaft sleeve, is not favorable for the installation precision of the main shaft on a machine tool, and is unfavorable for the whole machine performance of the machine tool.
Patent application No. 202110410021.0 discloses a high-speed electric main shaft structure, this electric main shaft structure adopts the flange mounting of front bearing seat formula, has reduced the straightness that hangs down of main shaft axle sleeve for front bearing installation flange face, is unfavorable for the installation accuracy of main shaft on the lathe, and is unfavorable to lathe complete machine performance.
Patent application No. 202011463378.7 discloses a high-speed electric main shaft structure, this electric main shaft structure adopts the flange mounting of axle sleeve formula, has strengthened the straightness that hangs down of main shaft for the machine tool installation, but this kind of mode design has increased the main shaft in the amount that stretches out of lathe headstock outer end, has reduced the working stroke of lathe Z axle, has caused adverse effect to the lathe wholeness ability.
In view of the above disadvantages, further improvements in the construction of electric spindles are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a lubricating and cooling structure for a high-speed electric spindle and a complete machine structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a lubricating and cooling structure of a high-speed electric spindle is provided with a front bearing set and a rear bearing set, wherein the front bearing set is provided with a front bearing set lubricating oil path structure; the front bearing set lubricating oil path structure comprises an oil path cavity flow passage, a first lubricating oil channel, a second lubricating oil channel and a lubricating oil discharging channel; one ends of the first lubricating oil channel and the second lubricating oil channel penetrate through the oil channel cavity flow channel to be connected with the lubricating oil discharging channel.
As a further improvement of the invention: the first lubricating oil channel comprises a first oil pipe, a first quick oil pipe joint, a front bearing seat lubricating first oil channel, a front bearing first lubricating oil channel and a front bearing spacer ring first lubricating oil channel which are sequentially connected, the first oil pipe is connected with the oil channel cavity flow channel, and the front bearing spacer ring first lubricating oil channel is connected with the front bearing group; the second lubricating oil channel comprises a second oil pipe, a second quick oil pipe joint, a front bearing seat lubricating second oil channel, a front bearing second lubricating oil channel and a front bearing spacer ring second lubricating oil channel which are sequentially connected, the second oil pipe is connected with the oil channel cavity flow channel, and the front bearing spacer ring second lubricating oil channel is connected with the front bearing assembly.
As a further improvement of the invention: the oil way cavity flow passage comprises a pipeline disc oil way cavity, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil way cavity and a shaft sleeve oil way cavity which are sequentially connected, and the shaft sleeve oil way cavity is respectively connected with the first lubricating oil channel and the second lubricating oil channel; the lubricating oil discharge channel comprises a first oil return path of a front bearing seat, a front bearing seat connecting oil return path, a front bearing seat second oil return path, a front bearing seat main shaft oil return path, a shaft sleeve oil return path, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil return path and a rear end pipeline disc oil return path which are sequentially connected; the first oil return path of the front bearing seat is connected with the front bearing group, and the oil return path of the rear end pipeline disc is connected with the shell of the electric spindle.
As a further improvement of the invention: the rear bearing group is provided with a rear bearing group lubricating oil path structure, and the rear bearing group lubricating oil path structure comprises a rear bearing group first lubricating oil path, a rear bearing group second lubricating oil path, a rear bearing oil return spacer ring and a rear bearing group oil discharge path; the first lubricating oil path of the rear bearing group and the second lubricating oil path of the rear bearing group are respectively connected with the rear bearing group, one end of the rear bearing oil return spacer ring is connected with the rear bearing group, and the other end of the rear bearing oil return spacer ring is connected with the oil discharge path of the rear bearing group.
As a further improvement of the invention: the rear bearing oil return spacer ring comprises a first oil collecting cavity, a first oil return ring groove of the bearing spacer ring, a second oil collecting cavity and a second oil return ring groove of the bearing spacer ring; the first oil collecting cavity and the second oil collecting cavity are respectively connected with the rear bearing set, the first oil collecting cavity is connected with the first oil return ring groove of the bearing spacer ring, and the first oil return ring groove of the bearing spacer ring is connected with the oil discharge channel of the rear bearing set; the second oil collecting cavity is connected with a second oil return annular groove of the bearing spacer ring, and the second oil return annular groove of the bearing spacer ring is connected with a discharge oil path of the rear bearing set.
As a further improvement of the invention: the rear bearing group first lubricating oil path comprises a rear bearing first lubricating oil path and a rear bearing second lubricating flow path which are sequentially connected, and the rear bearing second lubricating oil path is connected with the rear bearing group; the second lubricating oil path of the rear bearing group comprises a third lubricating oil path of the rear bearing and a fourth lubricating oil path of the rear bearing, and the fourth lubricating oil path of the rear bearing is connected with the rear bearing group; the rear bearing group oil discharge path comprises a rear bearing oil return groove, a rear bearing seat first oil return path and a rear end flange first oil return path which are sequentially connected; the rear bearing oil return groove is connected with the rear bearing oil return spacer ring, and the first oil return path of the rear end flange is connected with the shell of the electric spindle.
As a further improvement of the invention: the bearing assembly cooling structure comprises a front bearing assembly cooling water runner and a rear bearing assembly cooling water runner, the front bearing assembly cooling water runner is connected with the front bearing assembly, the rear bearing assembly cooling water runner is connected with the rear bearing assembly, the rear bearing assembly cooling water runner is provided with a copper ring cooling jacket, and the front bearing assembly cooling water runner is connected with a rear bearing assembly cooling water runner connecting pipeline disk backwater runner.
As a further improvement of the invention: the front bearing set cooling water flow channel comprises a pipeline plate first cooling flow channel, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve first cooling flow channel, a shaft sleeve cooling first flow channel, a front bearing seat first cooling flow channel, a front bearing seat second cooling flow channel, a front bearing seat third cooling flow channel, an annular notch first flow channel, an annular notch second flow channel, an annular notch third flow channel, a front bearing seat radial hole, a front bearing seat first water return flow channel, a front bearing seat second water return flow channel, a shaft sleeve first water return flow channel, a spiral annular water channel and a shaft sleeve first water return path which are sequentially connected; the pipeline disc first cooling channel is connected with the shell of the electric spindle, and the shaft sleeve first water return path is connected with the pipeline disc water return channel; the rear bearing group cooling water flow channel comprises a rear bearing cooling water connecting pipe, a rear bearing group introduction cooling flow channel, a rear bearing positioning sleeve first cooling flow channel, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve second cooling flow channel, the copper ring cooling sleeve, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve water return path and a main water outlet pipeline which are sequentially connected; the rear bearing cooling water connecting pipe is connected with the shell of the electric spindle, and the main water outlet pipeline is connected with the pipeline disc backwater flow passage; the copper ring cooling jacket comprises a first copper ring cooling flow cavity, a second copper ring cooling cavity and a third copper ring cooling cavity.
As a further improvement of the invention: the front bearing group comprises a front bearing seat and a shaft sleeve, and the front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in a split splicing type.
A whole machine structure comprises the lubricating and cooling structure of the high-speed motorized spindle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through the improvement to the lubricated runner of front bearing group, improved the processing technology nature of axle sleeve, and eliminated the pore wall quality and to the unobstructed adverse effect of oil-gas lubrication to guaranteed the independent lubrication parameter of every bearing, promoted main shaft bearing's lubricated effect.
2. The back bearing oil return spacer ring is arranged, lubricating oil gas of the upper bearing is recovered to the maximum extent, adverse effect of the oil gas lubrication of the upper bearing on the oil gas lubrication of the lower bearing is reduced, and the lubricating parameters of each bearing are controlled better.
3. The copper ring cooling sleeve is used as a cooling transmission medium of the floating bearing seat, so that the heating phenomenon of the rear bearing is reduced, the working state of the rear bearing is improved, and the service life of the floating bearing is prolonged.
4. The front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in split splicing type, so that the mounting precision of the whole main shaft and the whole precision retentivity are enhanced, the mounting precision of the whole main shaft and the extension of the nose end of the main shaft are considered, the Z-axis stroke is increased, and the overall performance index of the machine tool is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the oil-air lubrication of the high-speed motorized spindle of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of oil return of the high-speed electric spindle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the oil return spacer ring of the rear bearing of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rear bearing return spacer ring of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simplified cooling profile of the high speed motorized spindle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying description and examples:
the invention provides a lubricating and cooling structure of a high-speed electric spindle as shown in the attached figures 1-5, which is provided with a front bearing group 4 and a rear bearing group 15, wherein the front bearing group 4 is provided with a front bearing group lubricating oil path structure; the front bearing set lubricating oil path structure comprises an oil path cavity flow passage 41, a first lubricating oil path 42, a second lubricating oil path 43 and a lubricating oil discharging path 44; one ends of the first and second lubricating oil passages 42 and 43 pass through the oil passage cavity flow passage 41 to be connected to the lubricating oil discharge passage 44.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the first lubricating oil passage 42 includes a first oil pipe 20, a first quick oil pipe joint 7, a front bearing seat lubricating first oil passage 311, a front bearing first lubricating oil passage 312 and a front bearing spacer ring first lubricating oil passage 51 which are connected in sequence; the first oil pipe 20 is connected with the oil path cavity flow passage 41, and the front bearing spacer ring first lubricating oil path 51 is connected with the front bearing group 4; the second lubricating oil channel 43 comprises a second oil pipe 19, a second quick oil pipe joint 21, a front bearing seat lubricating second oil channel 321, a front bearing second lubricating oil channel 322 and a front bearing spacer ring second lubricating oil channel 52 which are sequentially connected, the second oil pipe 19 is connected with the oil channel cavity flow channel 41, and the front bearing spacer ring second lubricating oil channel 52 is connected with the front bearing group 4.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the oil passage cavity flow passage 41 includes a pipeline plate oil passage cavity 181, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil passage cavity 121 and a shaft sleeve oil passage cavity 81 which are connected in sequence, and the shaft sleeve oil passage cavity 81 is connected with the first lubricating oil passage 42 and the second lubricating oil passage 43 respectively; the lubrication oil discharge passage 44 comprises a front bearing seat first oil return path 331, a front bearing seat connection oil return path 332, a front bearing seat second oil return path 333, a front bearing seat main shaft oil return path 334, a shaft sleeve oil return path 83, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil return path 123 and a rear end pipeline disc oil return path 183 which are connected in sequence; the front bearing seat first oil return path 331 is connected to the front bearing group 4, and the rear end pipe disc oil return path 183 is connected to the housing of the electric spindle.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the rear bearing assembly 15 is provided with a rear bearing assembly lubrication oil path structure, which includes a rear bearing assembly first lubrication oil path 150, a rear bearing assembly second lubrication oil path 151, a rear bearing oil return spacer ring 16, and a rear bearing assembly discharge oil path 153; the rear bearing set first lubricating oil path 150 and the rear bearing set second lubricating oil path 151 are respectively connected with the rear bearing set 15, one end of the rear bearing oil return spacer ring 16 is connected with the rear bearing set 15, and the other end of the rear bearing oil return spacer ring 16 is connected with the rear bearing set oil discharge path 153.
Referring to fig. 1-4, rear bearing spacer ring 16 includes a first oil gallery 161, a bearing spacer ring first oil return annular groove 162, a second oil gallery 163, and a bearing spacer ring second oil return annular groove 164; the first oil collecting cavity 161 and the second oil collecting cavity 163 are respectively connected with the rear bearing set 15, the first oil collecting cavity 161 is connected with the bearing spacer first oil return ring groove 162, and the bearing spacer first oil return ring groove 162 is connected with the rear bearing set exhaust oil path 153; the second oil collection cavity 163 is connected to the bearing spacer second oil return annular groove 164, and the bearing spacer second oil return annular groove 164 is connected to the rear bearing set exhaust oil passage 153.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the rear bearing group first lubricating oil passage 150 includes a rear bearing first lubricating oil passage 1411 and a rear bearing second lubricating oil passage 1412, which are connected in sequence, and the rear bearing second lubricating oil passage 43 is connected to the rear bearing group 15; the rear bearing group second lubricating oil path 151 includes a rear bearing third lubricating oil path 1421 and a rear bearing fourth lubricating oil path 1422, and the rear bearing fourth lubricating oil path 1422 is connected to the rear bearing group 15; the rear bearing group oil discharge path 153 includes a rear bearing oil return groove 1431, a rear bearing seat first oil return path 1432 and a rear end flange first oil return path 173 that are connected in sequence; the rear bearing oil return groove 1431 is connected to the rear bearing oil return spacer ring 16, and the rear end flange first oil return path 173 is connected to the housing of the electric spindle.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the cooling structure further comprises a bearing assembly cooling structure, the bearing assembly cooling structure comprises a front bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 45 and a rear bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 46, the front bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 45 is connected with the front bearing assembly 4, the rear bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 46 is connected with the rear bearing assembly 15, the rear bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 46 is provided with a copper ring cooling jacket 13, and the front bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 45 is connected with the rear bearing assembly cooling water flow passage 46 to form a water return flow passage 1831.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the front bearing set cooling water flow passage 45 includes a pipeline plate first cooling flow passage 182, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve first cooling flow passage 122, a shaft sleeve cooling first flow passage 82, a front bearing seat first cooling flow passage 301, a front bearing seat second cooling flow passage 302, a front bearing seat third cooling flow passage 303, an annular gap first flow passage 304, an annular gap second flow passage 305, an annular gap third flow passage 306, a front bearing seat radial hole 307, a front bearing seat first water return flow passage 308, a front bearing seat second water return flow passage 309, a shaft sleeve first water return flow passage 801, a spiral annular water passage 901 and a shaft sleeve first water return path 802, which are connected in sequence; the pipeline disk first cooling channel 182 is connected with the housing of the electric spindle, and the shaft sleeve first water return path 802 is connected with the pipeline disk water return channel 1831; the rear bearing group cooling water flow passage 46 comprises a rear bearing cooling water connecting pipe 23, a rear bearing group introduction cooling flow passage 2301, a rear bearing positioning sleeve first cooling flow passage 1201, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve second cooling flow passage 1202, a copper ring cooling sleeve 13, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve water return path 1204 and a main water outlet pipeline 1205 which are sequentially connected; the rear bearing cooling water connection pipe 23 is connected with the shell of the electric spindle, and the main water outlet pipeline 1205 is connected with the pipeline panel backwater flow passage 1831; the copper ring cooling jacket 13 comprises a copper ring first cooling flow cavity 1301, a copper ring second cooling cavity 1302 and a copper ring third cooling cavity 1303.
According to the attached figure 1, the front bearing group 4 comprises a front bearing seat 3 and a shaft sleeve 8, and the front bearing seat 3 and the shaft sleeve 8 are in a split splicing type.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high-speed electric spindle comprises a complete machine structure, wherein the lubricating and cooling structure of the high-speed electric spindle comprises any one of the structures.
Detailed description of the invention:
the overall structure of the present invention is described in detail below, and as shown in fig. 1-5, the present invention includes a front end gland 1, a front bearing lock nut 2, a front bearing seat 3, a front bearing 4, a front bearing spacer ring 5, a shaft core 6, an oil pipe quick coupling 7, a shaft sleeve 8, a stator cooling water jacket 9, a stator 10, a rotor 11, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12, a copper ring cooling jacket 13, a rear bearing seat 14, a rear bearing 15, a rear bearing oil return spacer ring 16, a rear end flange 17, a rear end pipe plate 18, an oil pipe 19, an oil pipe 20, an oil pipe quick coupling 21, a pre-tightening spring 22, and a cooling water connection rod 23.
The front bearing set lubricating oil path of the invention is described in detail as follows:
the rear end of the front bearing block 3 is designed with two quick oil pipe joints (7 and 21) which are used for connecting a second oil pipe 19 and a first oil pipe 20 of the front bearing group 4, so that the oil pipes extending from an oil-gas lubrication station share one path channel, and the independent and accurate supply of oil-gas lubrication parameters of a plurality of different front bearing groups 4 is met. The second oil pipe 19 and the first oil pipe 20 are common transparent phi 4 oil pipes, and jointly penetrate through the pipeline disc oil way cavity 181 from an oil-gas lubrication station of the main shaft, then penetrate through the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil way cavity 121 and the shaft sleeve oil way cavity 81 to reach the first quick oil pipe joint 7 of the front bearing seat, so that the separated supply of the oil way of the front bearing group 4 is realized. First oil pipe 20 is first front bearing oil-gas lubrication pipe, is connected with first quick oil pipe joint 7, has realized that the oil circuit does not have reducing and reaches first oil circuit 311 of front bearing seat lubrication, and the first lubricated oil circuit 312 of back transmission oil-gas to front bearing reaches bearing ball department through first lubricated oil circuit 51 of front bearing spacer ring, realizes the oil-gas lubrication of front bearing group 4. The second oil pipe 19 is a second front bearing oil-gas lubrication pipe and is connected with the second quick oil pipe joint 21, so that the oil way reaches the front bearing seat without reducing to lubricate the second oil way 321, oil gas is transmitted to the front bearing second lubrication oil way 322, and the oil gas reaches the bearing balls through the front bearing spacer ring second lubrication oil way 52, so that the oil-gas lubrication of the front bearing group 4 is realized. The oil gas lubricated and contacted by the front bearing 4 respectively reaches a main shaft oil return path 334 of the front bearing seat through a front bearing seat first oil return path 331, a front bearing seat connecting oil return path 332 and a front bearing seat second oil return path 333, and then is discharged into the air through a shaft sleeve oil return path 83, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil return path 123 and a rear end pipeline disc oil return path 183.
The rear bearing set lubricating oil path of the invention is described in detail as follows:
one oil-gas lubrication flow passage of the rear bearing group 15 penetrates through the rear bearing second lubrication flow passage 1412 through the rear bearing first lubrication oil passage 1411, and the oil-gas lubrication of the first rear bearing 15 is realized by directly spraying the lubrication oil groove of the outer ring of the bearing. And the other oil-gas lubrication flow passage reaches the fourth lubrication oil passage 1422 of the rear bearing through the third lubrication oil passage 1421 of the rear bearing, and directly sprays the lubrication oil groove of the outer ring of the bearing, so that the oil-gas lubrication of the rear bearing group 15 is realized. One of the two oil-air channels after the oil-air lubrication is completed reaches the first oil returning groove 162 of the rear bearing spacer ring through the first oil collecting groove 161 of the rear bearing oil returning spacer ring 16, and finally is collected into the rear bearing oil returning groove 1431. The other oil-air lubrication is collected in the second oil collection cavity 163, reaches the rear bearing spacer ring second oil return annular groove 164, and is finally collected in the rear bearing oil return groove 1431. Finally, the two oil gases are discharged to the air through the rear bearing seat first oil return path 1432 and the rear end flange first oil return path 173. The design of the inclined oil collecting cavity of the rear bearing spacer ring has the functions of bearing, storing and discharging lubricating oil gas of the upper bearing, and serious heating of the lower bearing due to excessive oil gas in the vertical installation condition of the main shaft is avoided.
The rear bearing seat 14 and the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12 can slide, a gap is reserved between the flange end face of the rear bearing seat 14 and the end face of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve, and the pre-tightening spring 22 supports stress.
The bearing set cooling flow passage of the present invention is described in detail:
the whole machine of the main shaft adopts a cooling design of two inlets and one outlet, thereby reducing the flow resistance of cooling water in the main shaft and improving the cooling effect of the main shaft. Firstly, the cooling water of the rear bearing group 15 passes through the rear bearing group introduction cooling flow passage 2301 of the rear bearing cooling water connection pipe 23 and enters the rear bearing positioning sleeve first cooling flow passage 1201, and the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve second cooling flow passage 1202 enters the copper ring first cooling flow cavity 1301 of the copper ring cooling sleeve 13. And a gap between the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve 12 and the copper ring cooling sleeve 13 is matched and ground, and the middle part of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve adopts a radial sealing ring design. The copper ring cooling jacket 13 and the rear bearing seat 14 are subjected to interference match grinding, and the end part adopts a radial sealing ring design. The cooling water is circulated and cooled from the first cooling flow cavity 1301 of the copper ring and then passes through the second cooling cavity 1302 of the copper ring and the third cooling cavity 1303 of the copper ring. Then the water is collected to the outlet of the cooling cavity of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve from the outlet of the copper ring and reaches the main water outlet pipeline 1205 through the return path 1204 of the rear bearing seat positioning sleeve. The front bearing block 3 and the cooling water inlet of the motor in the front bearing group 4 enter from the first cooling flow channel 182 of the pipeline disc, then penetrate into the first shaft sleeve cooling flow channel 82 through the first cooling flow channel 122 of the rear bearing block positioning sleeve, then reach the front bearing block cooling flow channel, pass through the first cooling flow channel 301 of the front bearing block and the second cooling flow channel 302 of the front bearing block, then the cooling water passes through the third cooling flow channel 303 of the front bearing block, and then reach the first annular gap flow channel 304 of the front bearing block. Then, the water flows through the annular gap second flow channel 305 and the annular gap third flow channel 306, and is collected into the front bearing seat first water return flow channel 308 through the front bearing seat radial hole 307, and then reaches the shaft sleeve first water return flow channel 801 through the front bearing seat second water return flow channel 309, and then is collected into the spiral annular water channel 901 of the electronic cooling water channel through the crescent water inlet, and the motor is sufficiently cooled through the spiral flow channel, so that the heat of the motor and the front bearing is taken away and reaches the shaft sleeve first water return path 802. And finally, the water and the return water of the rear bearing are collected into a pipeline disc return water flow channel 1831 together, discharged back into the water cooler, and cooled again by the water cooler.
The flange mounting structure of the electric main shaft on the machine tool has the advantages that the end face of the front bearing seat 3 and the end face of the shaft sleeve 8 share the same role, the front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are split and spliced, the mounting precision and the integral precision retentivity of the whole main shaft are enhanced, the mounting precision and the nose end elongation of the main shaft are considered, the Z-axis stroke is increased, and the overall performance index of the machine tool is improved.
The invention solves the following technical problems:
1. through the improvement of the lubricating flow channels of the front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve, the problem that the oil-gas lubrication of different bearings of a part of main shafts shares one lubricating flow channel, so that the lubrication of the bearings is not accurate enough, the lubricating oil film of the bearings is abnormal, the temperature rise of the bearings is abnormal, and the thermal elongation and the machining precision of the main shafts are affected is solved. The problem of the unobstructed degree of oil gas and the lubricated effect of bearing have been influenced to axle sleeve pore wall machining precision is solved. The problems of reducing the processing quantity of deep holes and pores of the shaft sleeve, and reducing the process complexity and the processing cost of the oil-gas deep hole processing of the main shaft are solved.
2. The arrangement of the oil return spacer ring of the rear bearing solves the problem that the oil return of the upper bearing of the vertical machining main shaft changes the oil-gas lubrication amount of the lower bearing, so that the lower bearing generates heat seriously due to excessive oil gas.
3. The cooling problem of the floating bearing seat is solved by the arrangement of the copper ring cooling sleeve, the cooling of the front bearing, the rear bearing and the motor are simultaneously considered in the aspect of cooling, the processing temperature rise of the main shaft is reduced, and the thermal elongation performance of the main shaft is improved.
4. The front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in a split splicing type, so that the problems that the mounting precision of the whole main shaft is low, the nose end extends out greatly, and the overall performance of the Z shaft of the machine tool is reduced are solved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through the improvement to the lubricated runner of front axle bearing seat and axle sleeve, improved the processing technology nature of axle sleeve, and eliminated the pore wall quality and to the unobstructed adverse effect of oil-gas lubrication to guaranteed the independent lubrication parameter of every bearing, promoted main shaft bearing's lubricated effect.
2. The oil return spacer ring of the rear bearing recovers lubricating oil gas of the upper bearing to the maximum extent, reduces the adverse effect of the oil-gas lubrication of the upper bearing on the oil-gas lubrication of the lower bearing, and better controls the lubricating parameters of each bearing.
3. The invention cancels a ball sliding sleeve at the rear end of a spring pre-tightening bearing, and adopts a copper ring cooling sleeve as a cooling transmission medium of the floating bearing seat by virtue of the self-lubricating property of copper. The heating phenomenon of the rear bearing is reduced, the working state of the rear bearing is improved, and the service life of the floating bearing is prolonged.
4. The front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in split splicing type, so that the mounting precision of the whole main shaft and the whole precision retentivity are enhanced, the mounting precision of the whole main shaft and the extension of the nose end of the main shaft are considered, the Z-axis stroke is increased, and the overall performance index of the machine tool is improved.
5. Through the improvement of the lubricating flow channel of the front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve, the processing of a deep hole on the main shaft sleeve is avoided, the adverse effect of the hole wall quality on smooth oil-gas lubrication is eliminated, and the lubricating effect of the main shaft bearing is improved; the motor and the cooling of the front bearing and the rear bearing are simultaneously considered in the floating bearing seat, so that the processing temperature rise of the main shaft is reduced, and the thermal elongation performance of the main shaft is improved. The front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in split splicing type, the mounting precision of the whole main shaft and the extension amount of the nose end of the main shaft are both considered, the Z-axis stroke is increased, and the overall performance index of the machine tool is improved.
6. Through the improvement to the lubricated runner of front axle bearing and axle sleeve for the lubrication of every bearing is independently gone on along separate routes in the quick-operation joint department of front axle bearing, the processing of a plurality of thin deep holes on the main shaft sleeve has been avoided, through the route of sharing a large aperture, the BTA degree of difficulty has been reduced, the processing technology nature of axle sleeve has been improved, and eliminated pore wall quality and aperture change and to the unobstructed adverse effect of oil-gas lubrication, and guaranteed the independent lubrication parameter of every bearing, main shaft bearing's lubricated effect has been promoted.
7. The oil return structure avoids the change of oil return of the upper bearing of the vertical machining main shaft to the oil-gas lubrication amount of the lower bearing. The lower bearing is prevented from heating seriously due to excessive oil gas.
8. Under the condition that a bearing seat at the rear end of the main shaft floats, a ball sliding sleeve is omitted, and a copper ring cooling sleeve is used instead of the self-lubricating property of copper. The cooling flow channel design of the rear end floating bearing is increased, the heating phenomenon of the rear bearing is reduced, the working state of the rear bearing is improved, the machining precision of the main shaft is improved, and the service life of the floating bearing is prolonged.
9. The whole machine of the main shaft adopts a cooling design of two inlets and one outlet, thereby reducing the flow resistance of cooling water in the main shaft and improving the cooling effect of the main shaft.
10. The front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are in split splicing type, so that the mounting precision of the whole main shaft and the whole precision retentivity are enhanced, the extension of the main shaft at the outer end of a main shaft box of the machine tool is reduced, and the working stroke of a Z shaft of the machine tool is increased.
The main functions of the invention are as follows: the lubricating device is applied to lubricating and cooling structures of various electric main shafts and the whole structure.
In summary, after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can make various other corresponding changes without creative mental labor according to the technical solutions and concepts of the present disclosure, and all of them are within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A lubricating and cooling structure of a high-speed electric spindle is provided with a front bearing group and a rear bearing group, and is characterized in that the front bearing group is provided with a front bearing group lubricating oil path structure; the front bearing set lubricating oil path structure comprises an oil path cavity flow passage, a first lubricating oil channel, a second lubricating oil channel and a lubricating oil discharging channel; one ends of the first lubricating oil channel and the second lubricating oil channel penetrate through the oil channel cavity flow channel to be connected with the lubricating oil discharging channel.
2. The structure for lubricating and cooling the high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the first lubricating oil passage comprises a first oil pipe, a first quick oil pipe joint, a front bearing seat lubricating first oil passage, a front bearing first lubricating oil passage and a front bearing spacer ring first lubricating oil passage which are sequentially connected, the first oil pipe is connected with the oil passage cavity flow passage, and the front bearing spacer ring first lubricating oil passage is connected with the front bearing group; the second lubricating oil channel comprises a second oil pipe, a second quick oil pipe joint, a front bearing seat lubricating second oil channel, a front bearing second lubricating oil channel and a front bearing spacer ring second lubricating oil channel which are sequentially connected, the second oil pipe is connected with the oil channel cavity flow channel, and the front bearing spacer ring second lubricating oil channel is connected with the front bearing assembly.
3. The structure for lubricating and cooling the high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the oil passage cavity flow passage comprises a pipeline disc oil passage cavity, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil passage cavity and a shaft sleeve oil passage cavity which are sequentially connected, and the shaft sleeve oil passage cavity is respectively connected with the first lubricating oil passage and the second lubricating oil passage; the lubricating oil discharge channel comprises a first oil return path of a front bearing seat, a front bearing seat connecting oil return path, a front bearing seat second oil return path, a front bearing seat main shaft oil return path, a shaft sleeve oil return path, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve oil return path and a rear end pipeline disc oil return path which are sequentially connected; the first oil return path of the front bearing seat is connected with the front bearing group, and the oil return path of the rear end pipeline disc is connected with the shell of the electric spindle.
4. The structure for lubricating and cooling a high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the rear bearing set is provided with a rear bearing set lubrication oil path structure, the rear bearing set lubrication oil path structure including a rear bearing set first lubrication oil path, a rear bearing set second lubrication oil path, a rear bearing return spacer ring, and a rear bearing set drain oil path; the first lubricating oil path of the rear bearing group and the second lubricating oil path of the rear bearing group are respectively connected with the rear bearing group, one end of the rear bearing oil return spacer ring is connected with the rear bearing group, and the other end of the rear bearing oil return spacer ring is connected with the oil discharge path of the rear bearing group.
5. The structure for lubricating and cooling a high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 4, wherein the rear bearing oil return spacer ring comprises a first oil collection cavity, a bearing spacer ring first oil return annular groove, a second oil collection cavity and a bearing spacer ring second oil return annular groove; the first oil collecting cavity and the second oil collecting cavity are respectively connected with the rear bearing set, the first oil collecting cavity is connected with the first oil return ring groove of the bearing spacer ring, and the first oil return ring groove of the bearing spacer ring is connected with the oil discharge channel of the rear bearing set; the second oil collecting cavity is connected with a second oil return annular groove of the bearing spacer ring, and the second oil return annular groove of the bearing spacer ring is connected with a discharge oil path of the rear bearing set.
6. The structure for lubricating and cooling the high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 4, wherein the rear bearing set first lubricating oil passage comprises a rear bearing first lubricating oil passage and a rear bearing second lubricating oil passage which are sequentially connected, and the rear bearing second lubricating oil passage is connected with the rear bearing set; the second lubricating oil path of the rear bearing group comprises a third lubricating oil path of the rear bearing and a fourth lubricating oil path of the rear bearing, and the fourth lubricating oil path of the rear bearing is connected with the rear bearing group; the rear bearing group oil discharge path comprises a rear bearing oil return groove, a rear bearing seat first oil return path and a rear end flange first oil return path which are sequentially connected; the rear bearing oil return groove is connected with the rear bearing oil return spacer ring, and the first oil return path of the rear end flange is connected with the shell of the electric spindle.
7. The structure of claim 1, further comprising a bearing set cooling structure, wherein the bearing set cooling structure comprises a front bearing set cooling water flow channel and a rear bearing set cooling water flow channel, the front bearing set cooling water flow channel is connected to the front bearing set, the rear bearing set cooling water flow channel is connected to the rear bearing set, the rear bearing set cooling water flow channel is provided with a copper ring cooling jacket, and the front bearing set cooling water flow channel and the rear bearing set cooling water flow channel are connected to form a pipeline disk return water flow channel.
8. The structure of claim 7, wherein the front bearing assembly cooling water flow path comprises a first cooling flow path of a pipeline plate, a first cooling flow path of a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve, a first shaft sleeve cooling flow path, a first front bearing seat cooling flow path, a second front bearing seat cooling flow path, a third front bearing seat cooling flow path, an annular notch first flow path, an annular notch second flow path, an annular notch third flow path, a radial hole of the front bearing seat, a first front bearing seat water return flow path, a second front bearing seat water return flow path, a first shaft sleeve water return flow path, a spiral annular water path and a first shaft sleeve water return path which are connected in sequence; the pipeline disc first cooling channel is connected with the shell of the electric spindle, and the shaft sleeve first water return path is connected with the pipeline disc water return channel; the rear bearing group cooling water flow channel comprises a rear bearing cooling water connecting pipe, a rear bearing group introduction cooling flow channel, a rear bearing positioning sleeve first cooling flow channel, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve second cooling flow channel, the copper ring cooling sleeve, a rear bearing seat positioning sleeve water return path and a main water outlet pipeline which are sequentially connected; the rear bearing cooling water connecting pipe is connected with the shell of the electric spindle, and the main water outlet pipeline is connected with the pipeline disc backwater flow passage; the copper ring cooling jacket comprises a first copper ring cooling flow cavity, a second copper ring cooling cavity and a third copper ring cooling cavity.
9. The lubrication and cooling structure of a high-speed electric spindle according to claim 1, wherein the front bearing set comprises a front bearing seat and a shaft sleeve, and the front bearing seat and the shaft sleeve are split-jointed.
10. A complete machine structure, characterized by comprising the lubricating and cooling structure of the high-speed electric spindle according to any one of the claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202111425743.XA CN114012500B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Lubricating, cooling and complete machine structure of high-speed electric main shaft |
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| CN202111425743.XA CN114012500B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Lubricating, cooling and complete machine structure of high-speed electric main shaft |
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| CN114012500B CN114012500B (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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| CN116658304A (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-29 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | Bearing casing assembly of gas turbine shaft |
| CN116792415A (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-09-22 | 清研新能源汽车工程中心（襄阳）有限公司 | High-speed bearing pedestal |
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|---|---|
| CN114012500B (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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