CN114011875A - Method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using ornamental plants - Google Patents
Method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using ornamental plants Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using ornamental plants, which comprises the following steps: seeds of different kinds of ornamental plants are placed in hexavalent chromium solutions with different concentrations for cultivation, the germination rate is tested, and plant seeds tolerant to hexavalent chromium are screened out; sowing the tolerant plant seeds into the chromium-contaminated soil to grow into tolerant plants; harvesting the whole plant after the flowering period of the tolerant plant is over, and testing the chromium content of the root system and the plant; and harvesting the tolerant plants through multiple planting for removing chromium in the chromium-polluted soil to finish the restoration of the polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, in particular to a method for remediating chromium contaminated soil by using ornamental plants.
Background
Soil is an important part constituting the ecological environment of land, is closely related to the development of human society, and maintains the material conversion and energy cycle of the global ecosystem. The rapid development of industrial and agricultural industries, the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the unreasonable development of mineral resources and the like in China accelerate the accumulation of heavy metals in soil.
Chromium is an important strategic metal element, is a necessary chemical raw material in industrial production, and is widely applied to important fields of national economy such as electroplating, tanning, dyes, spices, wood preservation and the like. China is the main production country of chromium salt, the annual output is about 40 ten thousand tons, and the annual output accounts for about 40 percent of the world output. The harmless treatment of chromium-containing waste gas, waste water and waste residue also becomes the headmost problem in the chromium chemical industry. The repair technology of chromium-contaminated soil is always a hot point of research at home and abroad.
At present, common treatment methods for chromium-polluted sites comprise soil dressing, chemical extraction, solidification and stabilization, electric remediation, chemical reduction, chemical cleaning and other technologies. The soil-covering method is to cover the polluted soil with the uncontaminated soil, and the problem of chromium pollution is not solved fundamentally. The solidification stabilization restoration technology is characterized in that a certain adhesive is mixed with the soil polluted by the heavy metal to further fix the heavy metal in the soil, the method is suitable for treating chromium slag, the treatment effect on the chromium-polluted soil is general, in addition, the stabilizer can change the physical and chemical properties and the fertility of the soil, and the restored soil is difficult to restore to the original state. The electric restoration method needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, is only suitable for small-area polluted soil, and factors such as soil type and pollutant characteristics can influence the electric restoration efficiency. The chemical reduction method not only consumes a large amount of reducing agent, but also the reduced trivalent chromium is easy to be converted into hexavalent chromium again after a period of time in a complex soil environment. The chemical cleaning method has extremely high cost and is difficult to be popularized and applied.
The plant repairing technology in biological repair is generally considered to have incomparable advantages of other repairing methods, such as low price, no secondary pollution, simple operation and the like. In chromium pollution remediation areas requiring certain environmental beautification, finding suitable remediation plants has become a hot problem of research in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for restoring soil contaminated by chromium using ornamental plants, so as to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using ornamental plants, which comprises the following steps: seeds of different kinds of ornamental plants are placed in hexavalent chromium solutions with different concentrations for cultivation, the germination rate is tested, and plant seeds tolerant to hexavalent chromium are screened out; sowing the tolerant plant seeds into chromium-contaminated soil to grow into tolerant plants; harvesting the whole plant after the flowering period of the tolerant plant is over, and testing the chromium content of the root system and the plant; and harvesting the tolerant planting beads through multiple planting for removing chromium in the chromium-polluted soil to finish the restoration of the polluted soil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the seeds of the above different kinds of ornamental plants include one or more of marigold, sunflower, coreopsis, ageratum, zinnia, schizonepeta, orychophragmus violaceus and chrysanthemums; the concentration of the hexavalent chromium solution with different concentrations comprises 0-90 mg/L
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the hexavalent chromium-tolerant plant seed comprises marigold.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sowing of the tolerant plant seeds into the soil contaminated by chromium comprises: and preparing the chromium-polluted soil according to the concentrations of different hexavalent chromium, and balancing for 2 weeks for later use.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the different hexavalent chromium may include 0 to 50 mg/kg.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the whole plant is harvested after the flowering phase of the tolerant plant, and the chromium content of the root system and the plant is tested, wherein the method comprises the following steps: harvesting the whole plants after the flowering phase of the tolerant plants is over, and performing harmless treatment; testing the chromium content of the root system and the overground part of the plant; and calculating an enrichment coefficient and a transfer coefficient to determine that the tolerant plants have stronger enrichment and transfer capacities on chromium.
The invention provides a method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by utilizing ornamental plants, which comprises the steps of putting different types of ornamental plant seeds into a hexavalent chromium solution for culturing, testing the germination rate, screening out plant seeds tolerant to hexavalent chromium as marigold, sowing the marigold into the chromium-contaminated soil to grow into plants, harvesting the whole plants after the flowering phase is over, testing the chromium content of the root systems and the plants of the marigold, and showing that the marigold has strong chromium enrichment and transfer capabilities through the enrichment coefficient and the transfer coefficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for remediating chromium-contaminated soil using ornamental plants according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
In the related art, the plants with chromium enrichment capacity are few in types, at present, the known chromium-enriched plants are mostly wild herbaceous plants, such as Leersia hexandra Swartz, and have the problems of low ornamental value and limited application in chromium pollution production places requiring landscaping.
Tagetes erecta (Tagetes erecta) is an annual herb of Tagetes of Compositae, and has ornamental value, upright stem, stout, uniflorous head, and yellow flower. The native Mexico is distributed in China, has wide growth range, low requirement on environment, high temperature resistance, barren resistance and less plant diseases and insect pests, and is a common landscaping flower. Marigold has large flower size, long flowering period and rapid growth, and is usually planted in flower beds, flower diameters, flower clusters and the like. The method has the advantages of simple propagation, high seedling rate and the like, generally adopts seeding or cutting propagation, the spring seeding is carried out from late 3 to early 4 months, the summer seeding is also carried out, the flower can be carried out 60 days after the seedling emergence of the summer seeding, and the flowering period is 7-9 months.
Marigold and other ornamental plant seeds are cultured in a hexavalent chromium polluted environment, and plant seeds tolerant to chromium are screened, so that the plant has chromium restoration and landscape effects, and can be applied to large areas of chromium-polluted production places needing landscape beautification.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for remediating chromium-contaminated soil using ornamental plants, comprising: seeds of different kinds of ornamental plants are placed in hexavalent chromium solutions with different concentrations for cultivation, the germination rate is tested, and plant seeds tolerant to chromium are screened out; sowing the tolerant plant seeds into chromium-contaminated soil to grow into tolerant plants; harvesting the whole plant after the flowering period of the tolerant plant is over, and testing the chromium content of the root system and the plant; and harvesting the tolerant planting beads through multiple planting for removing chromium in the chromium-polluted soil to finish the restoration of the polluted soil.
In the embodiment of the invention, different types of ornamental plant seeds are placed in a hexavalent chromium solution for cultivation, the germination rate is tested, the plant seeds tolerant to chromium are screened out to be marigold, the marigold is sown in chromium-contaminated soil to grow into plants, the whole plants are harvested after the flowering phase is over, the chromium content of the root systems and the plants of the marigold is tested, the marigold has strong chromium enrichment and transfer capacity through the enrichment coefficient and the transfer coefficient, the marigold is harvested through multiple planting, the chromium in the chromium-contaminated soil is removed, the soil remediation is completed, and the result shows that the marigold not only has ornamental value, but also has the soil remediation capacity.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the seeds of the above different kinds of ornamental plants include one or more of marigold, sunflower, coreopsis, ageratum, zinnia, schizonepeta, orychophragmus violaceus, and chrysanthemums; the concentration of the chromium solution with different concentrations comprises 0-90 mg/L.
In the embodiment of the invention, the concentrations of the hexavalent chromium solutions with different concentrations include 0 to 90mg/L, for example, 0mg/L, 5mg/L, 15mg/L, 45mg/L, and 90 mg/L.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the chromium-tolerant plant seed comprises marigold.
In the embodiment of the invention, marigold is a common landscaping flower, has the advantages of simple propagation, high seedling rate and the like, and is generally propagated by sowing or cutting.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein sowing the tolerant plant seeds into chromium-contaminated soil comprises: and preparing the chromium-polluted soil according to the concentrations of different hexavalent chromium, and balancing for 2 weeks for later use.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the chromium concentration of the different hexavalent chromium may include 0 to 50 mg/kg.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the chromium concentration of the different hexavalent chromium includes 0 to 50mg/kg, for example, 0mg/kg, 25mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the whole plant is harvested after the flowering phase of the tolerant plant, and the chromium content of the root system and the plant is tested, wherein the method comprises the following steps: harvesting the whole plants after the flowering phase of the tolerant plants is over, and performing harmless treatment; testing the chromium content of the root system and the overground part of the plant; and calculating an enrichment coefficient and a transfer coefficient to determine that the tolerant plants have stronger enrichment and transfer capacities on chromium.
In the embodiment of the invention, the whole plant of the tolerant plant is harvested after the flowering phase of the tolerant plant is passed, and the harmless treatment is carried out, so that the death of the plant is avoided, and after the hexavalent chromium in the plant is decomposed, the hexavalent chromium in the plant returns to a soil system again, so that the hexavalent chromium absorbed by the plant is prevented from being diffused to the environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the enrichment coefficient is the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of hexavalent chromium in the plant (the sum of the chromium concentrations of the root system and the overground part of the plant) to the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the soil (the original configuration concentration is 0mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50 mg/kg).
In the embodiment of the invention, the transfer coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of hexavalent chromium on the overground part of the plant to the concentration of hexavalent chromium on the root system.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Screening of chromium-tolerant ornamental plants
Eight garden plants with strong growth adaptability and stress resistance are selected as test plants, namely marigold, sunflower, cosmos, ageratum, zinnia elegans, schizonepeta, orychophragmus violaceus and gynura segetum. And (4) selecting the plump seeds for disinfection treatment, and soaking the seeds for 10 minutes by using potassium permanganate. Two layers of filter paper were placed in 12cm petri dishes with 50 seeds in each dish. 10ml of chromium treatment solution was added to each dish according to different concentration gradients, as K2CrO7Concentration treatment was 0mg/L, 5mg/L, 15mg/L, 45mg/L, and 90mg/L in this order as contaminants, and 3 replicates were set for each treatment solution. Supplementing deionized water in time according to experimental conditions to ensure cultureThe filter paper in the dish was wet and the chromium concentration was relatively stable. The temperature of the illumination incubator is set to be 18-25 ℃, and the illumination time is 12 hours. The germination of the seeds is marked by the occurrence of equal length of radicles and seeds, the germination condition is recorded at regular time every day, no seed germination for 7 continuous days is regarded as the end of the germination process of the species, and the germination experiment lasts for 10 days. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 average germination rates of eight ornamental plants in hexavalent chromium treatment solutions of different concentrations
As can be seen from Table 1, the average germination rates of marigold in the hexavalent chromium treatment solutions of different concentrations were higher than 90%, the germination rates of sunflower in the hexavalent chromium treatment solutions of different concentrations were lower than that of marigold, and the germination rates of ageratum, boswellia and others were lower than 90%. Therefore, the germination rate of marigold is highest and the inhibition effect of chromium is minimum, and the germination rate is kept above 90% under different chromium treatment concentrations. The marigold has high tolerance to hexavalent chromium and has the potential of normal growth and flowering in hexavalent chromium contaminated soil.
Example 2
Chromium enrichment characteristics of marigold under different pollution levels
Collecting non-polluted garden soil, naturally drying, grinding with a 2mm sieve, and loading dry soil into red pottery pots with a height of 20cm, a top diameter of 18cm and a bottom diameter of 13cm, wherein the loading amount of each pot is 2.5 kg. Measuring and calculating the water consumption required by each flowerpot when the soil humidity reaches 65% of the saturated water holding capacity of the soil, and adding K with the same volume of 0mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg2Cr2O7The aqueous solution is fully mixed with soil and used after 2 weeks of balance. Each concentration treatment was set to 6 replicates, each replicate seeding two pots.
The marigold seeds with consistent plumpness are selected to be soaked and disinfected by potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, and then are washed clean by deionized water, and the marigold seeds are sowed in flowerpot soil, and 20 seeds are sowed in each pot. After the seeds emerge for 20 days, uniform seedlings are selected and reserved, and 5 seedlings are reserved in each pot. According to the evaporation condition of soil moisture, pouring distilled water at irregular intervals to keep the water holding capacity of the soil to be 60-70%, and incubating at the medium humidity of 25 +/-5 ℃ in a greenhouse.
And harvesting the whole plant and the corresponding soil 90 days after sowing. The height and fresh weight of the plants were measured. The chromium content of hexavalent chromium concentration (original configuration concentration is 0, 25 and 50mg/kg) in the overground part, the underground part (root system) and the soil of the plant is measured by using a dibenzoyl Dihydrazide (DPIC) ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 chromium enrichment characteristics of hexavalent chromium contaminated soil marigold
Note: after the same column of data, different lower case letters represent that the difference between the hexavalent chromium treatments with different concentrations reaches a remarkable level (P is less than 0.05)
Table 2 the results show that: when the concentration of hexavalent chromium is increased from 0mg/kg and 25mg/kg to 50mg/kg, the plant height of marigold is changed from 22.550cm and 17.475cm to 9.496cm, the plant height is reduced sequentially, the fresh weight of marigold is reduced sequentially from 2.904 g/plant, 1.815 g/plant to 0.565 g/plant, and the data show that the plant height and the fresh weight of marigold are reduced gradually along with the increase of the concentration of hexavalent chromium in soil, the growth is inhibited to a certain extent, but no obvious toxic action is shown, and the plant grows normally and blooms and has strong tolerance. With the increase of the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the soil, the chromium content of the root system and the overground part is gradually increased. At the same chromium concentration level, the chromium content of the root system is slightly higher than that of the overground part. Under the chromium pollution level of 25mg/kg, the enrichment coefficient and the transfer coefficient are respectively 0.701 and 0.757; under the chromium pollution level of 50mg/kg, the enrichment coefficient and the transfer coefficient are respectively 0.581 and 0.793, and the standard of a super-enriched plant is not met, wherein the standard of the super-enriched plant is that the super-enriched plant has super-strong absorption capacity to specific heavy metal elements, and compared with a common plant, the enrichment capacity to a certain heavy metal is more than 100 times higher than that of the common plant. The standard value of the chromium hyper-enriched plant is 1000 mg/kg.
Although the chromium enrichment coefficient and the chromium transfer coefficient of marigold do not reach the standard of a hyper-enriched plant, the marigold still has strong enrichment capacity and transfer capacity to chromium under the condition of chromium pollution with lower concentration, is an excellent chromium-enriched ornamental plant, and can remove chromium in soil by planting and harvesting marigold for multiple times.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for restoring chromium-contaminated soil by using ornamental plants comprises the following steps:
seeds of different kinds of ornamental plants are placed in hexavalent chromium solutions with different concentrations for cultivation, the germination rate is tested, and plant seeds tolerant to hexavalent chromium are screened out;
sowing the tolerant plant seeds into chromium-contaminated soil to grow into tolerant plants;
harvesting the whole plant after the flowering period of the tolerant plant is over, and testing the chromium content of the root system and the plant; and
and harvesting the tolerant plants through multiple planting for removing chromium in the chromium-polluted soil, and completing the restoration of the polluted soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds of the different species of ornamental plant comprise one or more of marigold, sunflower, cosmos, ageratum, zinnia, catnip, february, and dewberry;
the concentration of the hexavalent chromium solution with different concentrations comprises 0-90 mg/L.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the hexavalent chromium-tolerant plant seed comprises marigold.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said sowing said tolerant plant seed into chromium contaminated soil comprises:
and preparing the chromium-polluted soil according to the concentrations of different hexavalent chromium, and balancing for 2 weeks for later use.
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of said different hexavalent chromium comprises 0 to 50 mg/kg.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said harvesting the whole plant after the flowering phase of said tolerant plant, testing the chromium content of the root system and plant, comprises:
harvesting the whole plant after the flowering phase of the tolerant plant is over, and performing harmless treatment;
testing the chromium content of the root system and the overground part of the plant; and
and calculating an enrichment coefficient and a transfer coefficient to determine that the tolerant plant has stronger enrichment and transfer capacities on chromium.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101941018A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2011-01-12 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for remediating cadmium contaminated soil by using ornamental plant smooth joyweed |
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| CN108126976A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-08 | 煜环环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method that chromium-polluted soil is repaired using plant rye grass |
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2021
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| CN102085528A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-08 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for repairing cadmium polluted soil by using ornamental chrysanthemum carinatum plant |
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| CN104607444A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-05-13 | 河南金谷实业发展有限公司 | Method for restoring Cr-polluted soil by utilizing cyperus rotundus L. |
| CN108126976A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-08 | 煜环环境科技有限公司 | A kind of method that chromium-polluted soil is repaired using plant rye grass |
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