CN114009152A - Power limiting controller - Google Patents
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- CN114009152A CN114009152A CN201980097669.8A CN201980097669A CN114009152A CN 114009152 A CN114009152 A CN 114009152A CN 201980097669 A CN201980097669 A CN 201980097669A CN 114009152 A CN114009152 A CN 114009152A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
- H05B47/24—Circuit arrangements for protecting against overvoltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/56—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving measures to prevent abnormal temperature of the LEDs
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Abstract
A controller for limiting the output power of a controlled power supply provided to a load circuit. The load circuit has a load voltage and a load current when connected to the output power. The controller includes a voltage reference circuit for providing a control reference voltage. The controller also includes a normalization circuit to detect a load voltage signal based on the load voltage and a load current signal based on the load current, scale the load voltage signal to produce a normalized load voltage signal, and scale the load current signal to produce a normalized load current signal. The controller also includes a power limiting circuit having an amplifier to amplify a difference between the control reference voltage and a sum of the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal. The power limiting circuit thereby generates a control signal at the power limiting circuit output terminal to control the output power of the controlled power supply. Associated methods are also provided.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a controller and method for limiting the output power of a power converter, such as a DC-DC converter used in power supplies and Light Emitting Diode (LED) drivers, but the invention is not limited to these particular uses.
Background
Many power converters can provide variable voltage and current, limiting the maximum output voltage or current. There are also converters that can only provide a defined output power. When combining these features, as in some LED drivers, the converter needs to operate at a regulated maximum current, a regulated maximum voltage, and a regulated maximum power. The output of the converter is required to comply with all three constraints simultaneously. This is typically achieved by complex circuitry including analog or digital multiplication circuitry.
In general, the constant power limit feature only needs to protect certain components from overheating, and therefore does not require high precision in proper operation. For example, a two-stage LED driver is employed, where the first stage is a Power Factor Control (PFC) stage that converts AC to a DC voltage, and the second stage converts the DC voltage to a regulated DC current or voltage to drive the LED load. The second stage voltage and current limits may allow for an output power greater than the total output power capability of the first stage. Therefore, it is advantageous to provide a continuously regulated current limit of the output voltage, current and power for the second stage.
Converters are designed at the lowest cost, which is why their power handling may not be sufficient to provide the output power (defined by the product of the output voltage and the current limit) in the worst case. Sacrificing maximum power handling of the converter in this manner can save costs, especially in the PFC stage. However, control circuits capable of limiting output power require a signal representing the product of load voltage and current produced by an analog or digital multiplier, both of which are expensive. This approach would offset any potential cost savings.
Examples of such existing circuits include the circuit disclosed in US 4,837,653, which is a circuit for signaling when an electrical component consumes excessive power and for protecting the electrical component from the excessive power. The circuit generates a comparison voltage representing the sum of the current passed and the voltage across the element, which approximates the power consumed by the element. The circuit generates a signal to interrupt the supply of current to the component if the comparison voltage exceeds a threshold voltage representing an approximate maximum power level for the component.
US 5,087,870 discloses another such prior circuit which detects excessive power by measuring the voltage across the load and the current drawn by the load according to programmed load values and determining whether the sum of the measured current and voltage exceeds the power limit of the load. If the power limit is exceeded, the load dissipates power at a constant power level defined by the constant power limit by oscillating the power level within a hysteresis band around the constant power limit. The output of the power stage is then driven to follow the oscillating output power level until the excess power condition is no longer measured.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
It is an object of some embodiments of the invention to provide a low cost method of implementing constant power control in a constant voltage and/or constant current converter.
Disclosure of Invention
In a first aspect, embodiments of the invention provide a controller for limiting output power of a controlled power supply provided to a load circuit, the load circuit having a load voltage and a load current when connected to the output power, the controller comprising:
a voltage reference circuit for providing a control reference voltage;
a normalization circuit for detecting a load voltage signal based on a load voltage and a load current signal based on a load current, scaling the load voltage signal to produce a normalized load voltage signal, and scaling the load current signal to produce a normalized load current signal; and
a power limiting circuit having an amplifier to amplify a difference between the control reference voltage and a sum of the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal, whereby the power limiting circuit generates a control signal at a power limiting circuit output terminal to control an output power of the controlled power supply.
In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of limiting output power of a controlled power supply provided to a load circuit, the load circuit having a load voltage and a load current when connected to the output power, the method comprising:
providing a control reference voltage;
detecting a load voltage signal based on the load voltage;
detecting a load current signal based on the load current;
scaling the load voltage signal to produce a normalized load voltage signal;
scaling the load current signal to produce a normalized load current signal;
summing the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal to produce a load power signal;
amplifying a difference between the control reference voltage and the load power signal to generate a power limit control signal; and
controlling an output power of the controlled power supply based on the power limit control signal.
Other features and embodiments of the invention may be found in the appended claims.
Throughout this specification, including the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and other similar terms are to be construed in an inclusive sense, i.e., in a sense including but not limited to "and not in an exclusive or exhaustive sense unless otherwise expressly stated or the context clearly requires otherwise.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments according to the best mode of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, unless otherwise specified, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art power limiting controller;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another prior art power limiting controller;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing output limiting characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention with an ideal constant power curve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a controller for a power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a controller for a power supply according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings, a controller 1 is provided for limiting the output power of a controlled power supply 2 provided to a load circuit 3. The load circuit 3 has a load voltage and a load current when connected to the output power. A method of limiting the output power of a controlled power supply 2 provided to a load circuit 3 is also provided.
The controller 1 and the method are low cost solutions for controlling a power supply providing an output characteristic with an approximately constant power limit. Embodiments of the present invention, including those presently described, replace the ideal Constant Power (CP) algorithm (which requires some form of multiplication) with a simpler Quasi-Constant Power (QCP) algorithm based on simple analog addition and scaling. The QCP algorithm implements an approximation to the CP algorithm, avoiding the need for expensive analog or digital multiplication (digital multiplication).
The equations for the CP and QCP curves are as follows:
CP (V × I) (ideal CP algorithm)
Where CP is the normalized power limit (fixed value), V is the normalized voltage, I is the normalized current, and K is the scaling factor.
Fig. 3 shows the output characteristics of an exemplary power supply controlled by an embodiment of the present invention, which provides Constant Voltage (CV), Constant Current (CC), and QCP limits. The curve in fig. 3 compares the QCP approximation with the ideal CP algorithm, where the normalized power limit CP is 50%, the scaling value K is 2.0 and K is 2.1. Note that the CP limit may be set at any value between 0% and 100% of CC CV product. It can be seen that the QCP deviates slightly from the ideal CP output characteristics approximately. Assuming K is chosen to minimize QCP error, the worst-case error in the power limit can be represented by CP by the following equation:
thus, for the example given in fig. 3, where CP is 50%, the power limit error is 8.6%, which is generally acceptable for preventing the power in the power converter from being excessive.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a regulation controller for controlling a power supply connected to a load having a constant power limit, having one or more optional limiting features.
Returning now to the embodiment shown in the figure, the controller 1 comprises means for providing a control reference voltage VREF Voltage reference circuit 4. The normalization circuit 5 is configured to detect a load voltage signal VS based on a load voltage of the load circuit 3 and a load current signal CS based on a load current of the load circuit 3. The normalization circuit 5 is further configured to scale the load voltage signal VS to generate a normalized load voltage signal NVS and to scale the load current signal CS to generate a normalized load current signal NCS. The power limiting circuit 6 has an amplifier A5 for amplifying the control reference voltage VREFAnd the difference between the normalized load voltage signal NVS and the normalized load current signal NCS. The power limiting circuit 6 thus generates a control signal 7 at a power limiting circuit output terminal 8 to control the output power of the controlled power supply 2.
In some embodiments, the sum of the normalized load voltage signal NVS and the normalized load current signal NCS is a weighted sum (weighted sum).
The operation of the power limiting circuit 6 can be described by the following equation:
wherein VCTRLIs a control signal 7, VREFIs a control reference voltage, VNVSIs the average voltage of NVS, VNCSIs the average voltage of NCS, R9And R10Is a resistance, C2Is a capacitance. In the presently described embodiment, R9And R10Advantageously the same value.
The above equation can be rewritten as follows:
this clearly shows that it is the control reference voltage V that is being amplifiedREFAnd the difference between the normalized load voltage signal NVS and the normalized load current signal NCS.
The current limiting circuit 9 has an amplifier a6 for amplifying the difference between the normalized load current signal NCS and the constant current reference voltage CCSET. The current limiting circuit 9 thus generates a control signal 10 at a current limiting circuit output terminal 11 to control the output power of the controlled power supply 2.
The operation of the current limiting circuit 9 can be described by the following equation:
this can of course be rewritten as follows:
wherein VCTRLIs a control signal 10, VREFIs a control reference voltage, VNCSIs the average voltage of NCS, R11And R13Is a resistance, C3Is a capacitance. In the presently described embodiment, advantageously, R11＝R13And R is12＝R14Wherein R is12And R14Also shown as a resistor.
In the above equation, it can be seen that in the presently described embodiment, the difference between the normalized load current signal NCS and the constant current reference voltage CCSET is based on the control reference voltage VREFAre cancelled out.
The resistance sensing circuit 12 has a first resistance sensing circuit input terminal 13, the voltage at the first resistance sensing circuit input terminal 13 being held at a constant voltage, V in this embodimentREF. The resistance sensing circuit 12 also has a resistance sensing circuit output terminal 14 whose voltage is linearly dependent on the current flowing through a second resistance sensing circuit input terminal 19. The resistance sensing circuit output terminal 14 thus generates a constant current reference voltage CCSET. In particular, the resistance sensing circuit 12 includes a resistance RSETAnd CCSET responds to RSETOhmic value of (d).
The operation of the resistance sensing circuit 12 can be described by the following equation:
VCCSET＝VREF·(1+R7/RSET)
the voltage limiting circuit 15 has an amplifier A4 for amplifying the normalized load voltage signal NVS and the control reference voltage VREFThe difference between them. The voltage limiting circuit 15 thus generates a control signal 16 at a voltage limiting circuit output terminal 17 to control the output power of the controlled power supply 2.
The operation of the voltage limiting circuit 15 can be described by the following equation:
wherein VCTRLIs a control signal 16, VREFIs a control reference voltage, VNVSIs the average voltage of NVS, R8Is a resistance, C1Is a capacitance.
As shown, the controller 1 has a plurality of limiting circuits, i.e., a power limiting circuit 6, a current limiting circuit 9, and a voltage limiting circuit 15. These limiting circuits each have limiting circuit output terminals, i.e., a power limiting circuit output terminal 8, a current limiting circuit output terminal 11, and a voltage limiting circuit output terminal 17. The respective limiter circuit output terminals 8, 11 and 17 are interconnected in a wired-OR configuration such that the common control signal CTRL is pulled low by any one of the respective control signals 7, 10 and 16 generated at the respective limiter circuit output terminals 8, 11 and 17. The common control signal CTRL controls the output power of the controlled power supply 2. As described above, the term "limiting circuit" may refer to any type of limiting circuit, i.e., each of the power limiting circuit 6, the current limiting circuit 9, and the voltage limiting circuit 15 is a "limiting circuit". "plurality of limiting circuits" refers to two or more of these limiting circuits of any type or combination of types. Also as described above, the term "control signal" may refer to any of the control signals 7, 10, 16 and the common control signal CTRL, unless a particular control signal is referenced or the context specifies one of these particular control signals. The control signal 7 generated by the power limiting circuit 6 is also referred to as "power limiting control signal". The control signal 10 generated by the current limiting circuit 9 is also referred to as "current limit control signal". The control signal 16 generated by the voltage limiting circuit 15 is also referred to as "voltage limiting control signal".
The integrators (amplifiers) in each limiting circuit 6, 9 and 15 obtain feedback (via C) from the common control signal CTRL1、C2And C3). This provides a smooth switching between the different limiting circuits 6, 9 and 15, minimizing glitches and discontinuities caused by integrator saturation (integrator saturation) when switching from one limiting mode to another.
Fig. 4 shows more generally the controller 1, whichHas the limiting characteristics of constant voltage, constant current and quasi-constant power. The controlled power supply 2 is part of an LED driver block 18 and is shown in the form of a controlled current source. The controlled power supply 2 is controlled by a common control signal CTRL in the form of an analog signal and is connected to a current sense resistor RCSAre connected in series. The LED driver block 18 supplies current to the load circuit 3 (in this example, an LED string), and the negative terminal (i.e., cathode terminal) of the load circuit 3 is connected to the common node COM. The sensed load voltage signal VS and the sensed load current signal CS are passed to the normalization circuit 5. The normalization circuit 5 applies scaling to the VS and CS signals to produce normalized signals NVS and NCS, respectively. Typically, the scaling is chosen such that the full scale voltages of NCS and NVS are the same, as this best fits the quasi-power curve to the ideal power curve. Reference resistance RSETSensed by resistance sensing circuit 12, resistance sensing circuit 12 is used to set the CC current limit provided by signal CCSET.
To provide the CP, CC and CV limiting functions, the normalized NVS and NCS signals are routed to CP, CC and CV limiting circuits 6, 9 and 15. Each of the CP, CC and CV limit circuits 6, 9 and 15 has a class a amplifier output stage (passive pull-up, active pull-down) that drives a common control signal CTRL. In this way, the CTRL signal can be pulled low by any of the limiting circuits 6, 9 or 15, thereby controlling the power supply 2 and reducing the power delivered to the load. This interconnection method is referred to herein as wired-OR (wired-OR), while the amplifier output terminals have wired-OR characteristics.
In addition, a method of limiting the output power of a controlled power supply 2 provided to a load circuit 3 is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
providing a control reference voltage VREF；
Detecting a load voltage signal VS based on the load voltage;
detecting a load current signal CS based on the load current;
scaling the load voltage signal VS to generate a normalized load voltage signal NVS;
scaling the load current signal CS to produce a normalized load current signal NCS;
summing the normalized load voltage signal NVS and the normalized load current signal NCS to produce a load power signal;
amplifying the difference between the control reference voltage and the load power signal to produce a power limit control signal 7; and
the output power of the controlled power supply 2 is controlled based on the power limit control signal 7.
The method includes weighting the sum of the normalized load voltage signal NVS and the normalized load current signal NCS.
The above method can be described by the following equation:
wherein VCTRLIs a control signal 7, VREFIs a control reference voltage, VNVSIs the average voltage of NVS, VNCSIs the average voltage of NCS, R9And R10Is a resistance, C2Is a capacitance. In the presently described embodiment, R9And R10Advantageously the same value.
The method further comprises the following steps:
amplifying the difference between the normalized load current signal NCS and the constant current reference voltage CCSET to generate a current limit control signal 10; and
the output power of the controlled power supply 2 is controlled based on the current limit control signal 10.
In doing so, the method further comprises controlling the reference voltage V based onREFTo cancel out (offset) the difference between the normalized load current signal NCS and the constant current reference voltage CCSET.
These features of the method can be described by the following equations:
wherein VCTRLIs a control signal 10, VREFIs a control reference voltage, VNCSIs the average voltage of NCS, R11And R13Is a resistance, C3Is a capacitance. In the presently described embodiment, advantageously, R11＝R13And R is12＝R14Wherein R is12And R14Also shown as a resistor.
The method further comprises the following steps:
maintaining a constant voltage V at the first resistance sensing circuit input terminal 13REF(ii) a And
a voltage is generated at the resistance sensing circuit output terminal 14 that is linearly dependent on the current flowing through the second resistance sensing circuit input terminal 19, thereby generating a constant current reference voltage CCSET at the resistance sensing circuit output terminal 14.
These features of the method can be described by the following equations:
VCCSET＝VREF·(1+R7/RSET)
the method further comprises the following steps:
amplifying normalized load voltage signal NVS and controlling reference voltage VREFThe difference between to generate a voltage limit control signal 16; and
the output power of the controlled power supply 2 is controlled based on the voltage limit control signal 16.
These features of the method can be described by the following equations:
wherein VCTRLIs a control signal 16, VREFIs a control reference voltage, VNVSIs the average voltage of NVS, R8Is a resistance, C1Is a capacitance.
In the case where a plurality of limit control signals are generated, for example in the presently described embodiment, the method may further include:
interconnecting the limit control signals 7, 10 and 16 in a wired or manner to generate the common control signal CTRL, whereby the common control signal CTRL is pulled low by any one of the limit control signals 7, 10 or 16; and
the output power of the controlled power supply 2 is controlled based on the common control signal CTRL.
It is to be further understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments for illustrating the principles of the present invention and that the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and the essence of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are also included in the scope of the present invention. Thus, although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that features of the various examples described may be combined in other combinations.
Claims (14)
1. A controller for limiting output power of a controlled power supply provided to a load circuit, the load circuit having a load voltage and a load current when connected to the output power, the controller comprising:
a voltage reference circuit for providing a control reference voltage;
a normalization circuit for detecting a load voltage signal based on a load voltage and a load current signal based on a load current, scaling the load voltage signal to produce a normalized load voltage signal, and scaling the load current signal to produce a normalized load current signal; and
a power limiting circuit having an amplifier to amplify a difference between the control reference voltage and a sum of the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal, whereby the power limiting circuit generates a control signal at a power limiting circuit output terminal to control an output power of the controlled power supply.
2. The controller of claim 1, wherein the sum of the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal is a weighted sum.
3. The controller of any of claims 1-2, comprising a current limiting circuit having an amplifier to amplify a difference between the normalized load current signal and a constant current reference voltage to generate a control signal at a current limiting circuit output terminal to control an output power of the controlled power supply.
4. The controller of claim 3, further comprising a resistance sensing circuit having a first resistance sensing circuit input terminal having a voltage held at a constant voltage and a resistance sensing circuit output terminal having a voltage linearly dependent on a current flowing through a second resistance sensing circuit input terminal, the resistance sensing circuit output terminal thereby generating a constant current reference voltage.
5. The controller of any of claims 3-4, wherein a difference between the normalized load current signal and the constant current reference voltage is cancelled based on the control reference voltage.
6. The controller of any of claims 1 to 5, comprising a voltage limiting circuit having an amplifier to amplify a difference between the normalized load voltage signal and the control reference voltage to generate a control signal at a voltage limiting circuit output terminal to control an output power of the controlled power supply.
7. A controller as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, having a plurality of said limiting circuits, each having a respective limiting circuit output terminal, the respective limiting circuit output terminals being interconnected in a wired or configuration such that a common control signal is pulled low by any one of the respective control signals generated at the respective limiting circuit output terminals, the common control signal controlling the output power of the controlled power supply.
8. A method of limiting output power provided to a controlled power supply of a load circuit, the load circuit having a load voltage and a load current when connected to the output power, the method comprising:
providing a control reference voltage;
detecting a load voltage signal based on the load voltage;
detecting a load current signal based on the load current;
scaling the load voltage signal to produce a normalized load voltage signal;
scaling the load current signal to produce a normalized load current signal;
summing the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal to produce a load power signal;
amplifying a difference between the control reference voltage and the load power signal to generate a power limit control signal; and
controlling an output power of the controlled power supply based on the power limit control signal.
9. The method of claim 8, comprising weighting the sum of the normalized load voltage signal and the normalized load current signal.
10. The method of any of claims 8 to 9, comprising:
amplifying a difference between the normalized load current signal and a constant current reference voltage to generate a current limit control signal; and
controlling an output power of the controlled power supply based on the current limit control signal.
11. The method of claim 10, comprising:
maintaining a constant voltage at the first resistance sensing circuit input terminal; and
a voltage is generated at the resistive sense circuit output terminal that is linearly dependent on the current flowing through the second resistive sense circuit input terminal, thereby generating a constant current reference voltage at the resistive sense circuit output terminal.
12. The method of any of claims 10 to 11, comprising cancelling a difference between the normalized load current signal and the constant current reference voltage based on the control reference voltage.
13. The method of any of claims 8 to 12, comprising:
amplifying a difference between the normalized load voltage signal and the control reference voltage to generate a voltage limit control signal; and
controlling an output power of the controlled power supply based on the voltage limit control signal.
14. The method of any of claims 8 to 13, wherein a plurality of limit control signals are generated, the method comprising:
interconnecting the limit control signals in a wired or manner to generate a common control signal such that the common control signal is pulled low by any one of the limit control signals; and
controlling the output power of the controlled power supply based on the common control signal.
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| PCT/CN2019/091453 WO2020252605A1 (en) | 2019-06-17 | 2019-06-17 | Controller for limiting power |
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