CN114005980B - Negative electrode material and lithium ion battery containing same - Google Patents
Negative electrode material and lithium ion battery containing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN114005980B CN114005980B CN202111217600.XA CN202111217600A CN114005980B CN 114005980 B CN114005980 B CN 114005980B CN 202111217600 A CN202111217600 A CN 202111217600A CN 114005980 B CN114005980 B CN 114005980B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative electrode material and a lithium ion battery containing the same. The special stacking structure of the cathode material endows the cathode material with extremely high acid-base stability (pH value of 0-14), and meanwhile, the abundant binding sites greatly enhance the capability of the material for inserting and extracting lithium ions. The cathode material has a porous structure, can quickly absorb a large amount of electrolyte to quickly transmit lithium ions; the cathode material also has a plurality of redox sites, so that the material has higher theoretical specific capacity. The cathode material has a stable framework, a high specific surface area, abundant hydrogen bond action sites and a strong adsorption effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery electrode materials and preparation thereof, relates to a negative electrode material and a lithium ion battery containing the negative electrode material, and particularly relates to a covalent organic framework negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and a negative plate and a lithium ion battery containing the negative electrode material.
Background
The energy crisis in the 21 st century attracts more and more attention, and the shortage of energy and environmental pollution compels researchers to find alternative energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, biological energy and battery type storage devices, to become the focus of attention. The battery storage device has double roles of energy storage and release, and the development of a cheap, efficient and novel lithium ion battery cathode material has important significance for preparing the battery device with high energy density and stable cycle performance.
However, the market places higher demands on the storage density and the bendability of the lithium ion battery, and therefore, new electrode materials need to be developed to meet the demands. The traditional lithium ion battery negative electrode material is mainly used as a negative electrode active material and mainly comprises various carbon-based negative electrode active materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon and the like. However, the above carbon-based negative electrode active material has only a low capacity of about 360 mAh/g. For silicon cathode materials which are researched more at present, when the silicon cathode materials are used, the expansion of silicon can cause that an SEI film breaks and fails, particles break and pulverize, and the volume change generated in the circulating process can cause great strain interface damage, and the silicon particles which are continuously pulverized and cracked can continuously consume electrolyte, so that the SEI film continuously grows and thickens at the interface of an electrode and the electrolyte, the expansion of a battery is caused, the stable output of the battery energy and the improvement of the circulating life are seriously influenced, and great potential safety hazard is brought to the battery. The organic negative electrode material can avoid the problems of reserves and cyclic expansion, has green sustainability and is an ideal negative electrode material for future lithium batteries. At present, the main electroactive organic negative electrode materials can be roughly classified into the following types: a conductive polymer, an organic sulfur compound, an organic radical compound, and an organic carbonyl compound. Among them, the organic carbonyl compounds have a high theoretical specific capacity, and thus have received great attention. However, the organic carbonyl compound has problems of poor conductivity and poor cycle stability. Therefore, there is a need to develop a novel organic negative electrode material having a stable skeleton, a high specific surface area, abundant hydrogen bonding sites, and a strong adsorption effect. Meanwhile, the method can be prepared in situ and applied to solid batteries to become a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an organic negative electrode material, a method for preparing the same, and an application thereof, wherein the negative electrode material is composed of a single crystal of a three-dimensional framework material assembled by oligomers, and has a strong covalent bond and a highly reversible cooperative assembly between hydrogen bonds, thereby further promoting crystal growth. The special stacking structure of the cathode material of the invention endows the cathode material with extremely high acid-base stability (pH of 0-14), and simultaneously, the abundant binding sites greatly enhance the capability of the material for inserting and extracting lithium ions. The cathode material has a porous structure, can quickly absorb a large amount of electrolyte to quickly transmit lithium ions; the cathode material also has a plurality of redox sites, so that the material has higher theoretical specific capacity. The cathode material has a stable framework, a high specific surface area, abundant hydrogen bond action sites and a strong adsorption effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a negative electrode material, which is composed of single crystals of a three-dimensional organic framework material assembled by oligomers.
Wherein the oligomer is a kinetic product having a plurality of unreacted aldehyde groups.
Wherein the oligomer has a structure represented by formula I or formula II:
formula I
And (5) formula II.
Wherein the number average molecular weight of the oligomer is 50 to 4000.
Wherein the anode material has a porous structure.
Wherein the anode material has more than 1 redox site.
Wherein the anode material has more than 1 hydrogen bonding site.
Wherein the specific surface area of the anode material is 800-850 m 2 /g。
The invention also provides a negative plate which comprises the negative electrode material.
The negative plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer positioned on the surface of at least one side of the current collector, wherein the active material layer comprises the negative electrode material.
Wherein, the active material layer also comprises a conductive agent and a binder;
wherein the mass ratio of the negative electrode material, the conductive agent and the adhesive is (6-8) to (1-13) to 1.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which comprises the negative electrode material; alternatively, the negative electrode sheet is included.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a negative electrode material composed of single crystals of a three-dimensional framework material assembled by oligomers, which has strong covalent bonds and synergistic assembly between highly reversible hydrogen bonds to promote crystal growth. The special stacking structure of the cathode material of the invention endows the cathode material with extremely high acid-base stability (pH of 0-14), and simultaneously, the abundant binding sites greatly enhance the capability of the material for inserting and extracting lithium ions. The cathode material has a porous structure, can quickly absorb a large amount of electrolyte to quickly transmit lithium ions; the cathode material also has a plurality of redox sites, so that the material has higher theoretical specific capacity. The cathode material has a stable framework, a high specific surface area, abundant hydrogen bond action sites and a strong adsorption effect. The concrete expression is as follows:
(1) The cathode material has higher ion transmission capability;
(2) The cathode material has good structural stability and low cost, and is expected to become a new green lithium battery electrode material;
(3) The electrode prepared from the negative electrode material has the specific capacity of more than 1800 mAh/g, and can be used for preparing a high-energy-density lithium battery;
(4) The lithium battery assembled by the negative electrode material has good cycle stability, and has 80% capacity retention rate after 600 cycles under the charging and discharging conditions of 1C/1C.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph comparing XRD diffractogram of the COF-1 material single crystal produced in example 1 and polycrystalline powder formed at the interface with the calculation result derived from the single crystal structure thereof.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing cycle characteristics of lithium ion batteries manufactured in examples 1 to 2 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2.
Detailed Description
As described above, the present invention provides a negative electrode material composed of a single crystal of a three-dimensional organic frame material assembled from oligomers.
In the present invention, the negative electrode material is composed of a single crystal of a three-dimensional frame material assembled from oligomers, and has a strong covalent bond and a highly reversible cooperative assembly between hydrogen bonds, thereby further promoting crystal growth.
According to the invention, the single crystal has an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as shown in figure 1.
According to the present invention, the oligomer is a kinetic product having a plurality of unreacted aldehyde groups, and the unreacted aldehyde groups can also serve as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors and assemble the oligomer into a three-dimensional framework material. At the same time, the continuous formation of firm covalent bonds and highly reversible hydrogen bonds also enhances long-range symmetry and promotes the production of large single crystals.
According to the invention, the oligomer has a structure represented by formula I or formula II below:
formula I
And (3) a formula II.
According to the invention, the number average molecular weight of the oligomer is about 50 to 4000.
In the present invention, the negative electrode material has extremely high acid-base stability (extremely high stability in the range of pH =0 to 14) due to its specific stacking structure.
According to the present invention, the anode material has a porous structure. Due to the porous structure, the cathode material has extremely strong adsorption capacity, and can quickly absorb a large amount of electrolyte so as to quickly transmit lithium ions. For example, the absorption time of the electrolyte on the surface of the anode material may be less than 1min.
In the invention, the cathode material has abundant binding sites, and the capability of the material for inserting and extracting lithium ions is greatly enhanced.
According to the invention, the anode material has more than 1 oxidation-reduction site, and the existence of a plurality of oxidation-reduction sites enables the material to have higher theoretical specific capacity.
According to the invention, the anode material has more than 1 hydrogen bonding site.
According to the invention, the specific surface area of the anode material is 800-850 m 2 A/g, for example 820 to 830 m 2 Per g, exemplary is 800 m 2 /g、810 m 2 /g、820 m 2 /g、826 m 2 /g、830 m 2 /g、840 m 2 /g、850 m 2 And/g or any one of the above ranges of values.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the anode material, which comprises the following steps: and carrying out in-situ reaction and self-assembly on the monomers for forming the oligomer to obtain the single crystal of the three-dimensional frame material assembled by the oligomer.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: reacting tetra (4-aminophenyl) methane with 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-formaldehyde (4,4 ' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde) or 4,4' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde (4,4 ' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde) to prepare the anode material.
According to the invention, the mass ratio of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane to 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (4,4 ' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde) or 4,4' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde (4,4 ' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde) is 1 (0.9-1), exemplary is 1.
According to the invention, the tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane and 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-carbaldehyde or 4,4' -biphenyldicarboxaldehyde are added to the reaction system in the form of a solution. For example, a mixed solution of tetra (4-aminophenyl) methane, an acetic acid solution, and 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-carbaldehyde or a mixed solution of 4,4' -biphenyldicarboxaldehyde, ethyl acetate/mesitylene, is prepared, and the two solutions are mixed to obtain a mixed solution.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the mixing volume ratio of ethyl acetate to mesitylene in the mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/mesitylene is (2-4): 1, exemplary 2:1, 3:1, 4:1.
According to the invention, the reaction of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane with 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-carbaldehyde or 4,4' -biphenyldicarboxaldehyde is carried out in the presence of a PAN ultrafiltration membrane. Preferably, a mixed solution of acetic acid solution of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane, 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-carbaldehyde or ethyl acetate/mesitylene of 4,4' -biphenyldicarboxaldehyde is added to both sides of the reactor containing the PAN ultrafiltration membrane, respectively.
According to the invention, the reaction time is not less than 1 day, for example 2 days. Further, the temperature of the reaction is room temperature. According to the present invention, the method for preparing the organic anode material further comprises washing the reaction product to remove residual monomers, thereby preparing the organic anode material. For example, the washing solvent is ethyl acetate.
According to the invention, the preparation method of the anode material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: vertically placing the PAN ultrafiltration membrane in the middle of the diffusion cell;
s2: dissolving tetra (4-aminophenyl) methane in acetic acid, dissolving 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-formaldehyde (6- (4-formolphenyl) nicotinaldehyde) or 4,4' -biphenyldicarboxaldehyde in a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/mesitylene, and respectively placing the mixed solvent on two sides of a diffusion pool;
s3: the reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 2 days;
s4: the resulting crystals were washed with an ethyl acetate mixture to remove residual monomer and the product was collected.
The invention also provides application of the negative electrode material as a negative electrode active material of a lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a negative plate which comprises the negative electrode material.
According to the present invention, the anode material serves as an anode active material.
According to the invention, the negative plate comprises a current collector and an active material layer positioned on at least one side surface of the current collector, wherein the active material layer comprises the negative electrode material.
According to the present invention, the active material layer further includes a conductive agent and a binder. Preferably, the mass ratio of the anode material, the conductive agent and the binder is (6-8): 1, and exemplarily comprises 6.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the conductive agent may be conductive carbon black.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the binder may be PVDF.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the negative plate, which comprises the steps of uniformly dispersing the negative material, the conductive agent and the adhesive in a solvent, coating the solvent on a current collector, and then drying in vacuum to prepare a negative electrode film.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises the negative electrode material and/or comprises the negative electrode sheet.
According to the invention, the lithium ion battery further comprises a positive plate. For example, the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode sheet may be lithium cobaltate (LiNi) 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 ）。
According to the present invention, the lithium ion battery further comprises a separator.
According to the invention, the lithium ion battery further comprises an electrolyte. For example, the electrolyte may be LiPF 6 Commercial electrolytes for the system.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of separating the negative plate and the positive plate by a diaphragm, injecting electrolyte, and assembling to obtain the lithium ion battery.
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the following examples, but it will be understood that the description is intended to illustrate the features and advantages of the invention further, and not to limit the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The test method comprises the following steps:
and (3) testing the cycle number of the battery: after the battery is assembled, a LAND blue battery test system is used for carrying out cycle performance test under the conditions of 0.2C/0.2C charging and discharging current and 3.0V to 4.4V charging and discharging voltage.
Example 1
Preparing a negative electrode material:
s1: vertically placing a PAN ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight of 40000 in the middle of a diffusion cell;
s2: dissolving 35mg of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane in 7ml of acetic acid, and dissolving 32.9mg of 6- (4-formylphenyl) pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (6- (4-formalylphenyl) nicotinaldehyde) in 7ml of a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate/mesitylene (V/V = 3/1), which was placed on both sides of a diffusion cell, respectively;
s3: the reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 2 days;
s4: the crystals were washed with ethyl acetate to remove residual monomers and the product COF-1 was collected and its formula is shown below:
fig. 1 is a graph comparing an XRD diffractogram of a single crystal (single crystal) of the COF-1 material prepared in this example and a polycrystalline powder (polycrystalline powder) formed at an interface with a calculation result derived from its single crystal structure. As can be seen from the figure: the COF-1 material prepared by the invention has a single crystal structure and is a bulk sample. Further comparing the COF-1 material prepared in this example with the results obtained by calculation using the single crystal structure, the close correspondence between the peak positions of the characteristic diffraction peaks of the two was found, thus confirming that the COF-1 material phase prepared by the present invention has higher purity.
Preparing a negative pole piece: uniformly dispersing the negative electrode material (450 mg), the conductive carbon black (50 mg) and the PVDF binder (50 mg) in a solvent, and coating the solution on a Cu foil current collector with the thickness of 6 mu m, wherein the coating amount is 4mg/cm 2 And then vacuum-dried to prepare a negative electrode film.
Preparing a positive pole piece: using conductive carbon black as a conductive agent, PVDF as a binder and NMP as a solvent, stirring uniformly, and adding a positive active material LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 . The solid component in the mixture comprised 90 wt% lithium cobaltate, 5wt.% binder PVDF and 5wt.% conductive carbon black. The current collector is 10 μm Al foil, and the coating amount is 21mg/cm 2 。
Preparing a lithium ion battery: the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode film and the 1M LiPF 6 And (EC + DEC, 1:1) the commercial electrolyte and the polyolefin microporous membrane are assembled into a soft package lithium ion battery through winding, and the sealing of a common tab and an aluminum plastic membrane is assisted.
Example 2
S1: vertically placing a PAN ultrafiltration membrane with the molecular weight of 40000 in the middle of a diffusion cell;
s2: 35mg of tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane was dissolved in 7ml of acetic acid, and 32.9mg of 4,4'-biphenyldicarbaldehyde (4,4' -biphenyldicarbaldehyde) was dissolved in 7ml of a mixture of ethyl acetate/mesitylene (V/V = 3/1), which was placed on both sides of the diffusion cell, respectively;
s3: the reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 2 days;
s4: the crystals were washed with an ethyl acetate mixture to remove residual monomers and the product COF-2 was collected, which has the formula shown below:
preparing a positive pole piece: using conductive carbon black as a conductive agent, PVDF as a binder and NMP as a solvent, uniformly stirring, and adding a positive active material LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 . The solid component in the mixture comprised 90 wt% lithium cobaltate, 5wt.% binder PVDF and 5wt.% conductive carbon black. The current collector is 10 μm Al foil, and the coating amount is 21mg/cm 2 。
Preparing a negative pole piece and a battery:
uniformly dispersing the organic negative electrode material (450 mg), conductive carbon black (50 mg) and PVDF binder (50 mg) in a solvent, and coating the solution on a Cu foil current collector with the thickness of 6 mu m, wherein the coating amount is 4mg/cm 2 Then vacuum drying to prepare a negative electrode film; the negative electrode film and the positive electrode sheet were subjected to 1M LiPF 6 And (EC + DEC, 1:1) a commercial electrolyte and a polyolefin microporous membrane are assembled to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 1
Uniformly dispersing a graphite negative electrode material (450 mg), conductive carbon black (50 mg) and a PVDF binder (50 mg) in a solvent, coating on a 6 mu mCu foil current collector, and then drying in vacuum to prepare a negative electrode film; the negative electrode film and the positive electrode sheet (same as in example 1) were subjected to 1M LiPF 6 And (EC + DEC, 1:1) a commercial electrolyte and a polyolefin microporous membrane are assembled to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Comparative example 2
Uniformly dispersing a silicon negative electrode material (450 mg), conductive carbon black (50 mg) and a PVDF binder (50 mg) in a solvent, coating the solution on a Cu foil current collector with the thickness of 6 mu m, and then drying the solution in vacuum to prepare a negative electrode film; the negative electrode film and the positive electrode sheet (same as in example 1) were subjected to 1M LiPF 6 And (EC + DEC, 1:1) a commercial electrolyte and a polyolefin microporous membrane are assembled to obtain the lithium ion battery.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing cycle characteristics of lithium ion batteries manufactured in examples 1 to 2 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, under the same conditions, compared with the conventional silicon negative electrode material and graphite negative electrode material, the negative electrode material prepared by the invention has the advantages that the negative electrode material has extremely high acid-base stability (pH 0-14) and abundant binding sites, so that the capability of the negative electrode material for inserting and extracting lithium ions is greatly enhanced, and the negative electrode material has high cycle performance and long cycle life.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the principles of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A negative electrode material, characterized in that the negative electrode material is composed of a single crystal of a three-dimensional organic framework material assembled from oligomers;
the oligomer has a structure represented by formula I:
2. The negative electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the oligomer has a number average molecular weight of 50 to 4000.
3. The negative electrode material of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode material has a porous structure.
4. The negative electrode material of any of claims 1-3, wherein the negative electrode material has more than 1 redox site.
5. A negative electrode material according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the negative electrode material has more than 1 hydrogen bonding site.
6. The anode material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anode material has a specific surface area of 800 to 850 m 2 /g。
7. A negative electrode sheet comprising the negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The negative electrode sheet according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode sheet comprises a current collector and an active material layer on at least one surface of the current collector, the active material layer comprising the negative electrode material.
9. The negative electrode sheet according to claim 8, wherein the active material layer further comprises a conductive agent and a binder.
10. The negative electrode sheet of claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the negative electrode material, the conductive agent and the binder is (6-8): 1-13): 1.
11. A lithium ion battery, characterized in that it comprises the negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 6; alternatively, the negative electrode sheet of any one of claims 7 to 10 is included.
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| WO2016035321A1 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-10 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | Conductive hybrid material including covalent organic structure |
| EP3264500B1 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2023-07-12 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Lithium secondary battery anode and lithium secondary battery including same |
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