CN114002686A - Fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling - Google Patents
Fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000000547 structure data Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/96—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for locating fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling.A underwater acoustic device is fixed below a ship body through a transverse fixing rod and a longitudinal fixing rod, and an energy transducer is put into water to a depth of about 0.5 m; before detection, correcting the underwater acoustic detection system, and setting detection parameters after correction is completed; navigation detection: selecting a detection route and starting to carry out navigation detection; collecting raw data by using an EK80 program; processing the collected original data by adopting echo software; and carrying out denoising processing and data analysis. The invention can obtain the individual size, density and biomass distribution characteristics of fishes in different water layers and water areas of the sampled water area; the fish species composition, individual size and community structure data obtained through hydroacoustics and trawling are combined in real time, and the fish community structure characteristics and resource quantity of the investigation water area can be more comprehensively understood.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish resource investigation and evaluation, in particular to a fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling.
Background
The traditional reservoir fish resource investigation method mainly comprises the steps of adopting different fishing gear and fishing methods to catch fish, and further counting species composition, abundance, biomass and the like of the fish catch; the methods are simple and direct, have strong operability and are widely used in the investigation of freshwater and marine fish resources. For example, Multi-mesh composite nets (Multi-mesh nets) commonly used in freshwater and trawlnets (Trawl nets) commonly used in oceans. However, these survey methods have the defects of limited covered water area and fishing selectivity of the fishing gear and fishing method, and the obtained conclusion often cannot reflect the situation of fish resources comprehensively and truly.
The underwater acoustic detection is efficient and rapid, the sampling rate is high, the investigation object is not damaged, and the underwater acoustic detection method is widely applied to fish resource assessment in recent years and is particularly suitable for large water bodies such as deep lakes, reservoirs and the like. However, the underwater acoustic detection method has the defect that the fish species cannot be directly distinguished, and the fish community structure cannot be accurately evaluated. Therefore, the organic combination of the water acoustic detection and the traditional sampling can comprehensively obtain the information of the species composition, the density, the biomass, the proportion and the like of the fish. However, in the current research on fish resources, the two methods are generally performed separately, and the data obtained by the two methods are difficult to correspond in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic detection and trawl sampling, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, realize the combination of the advantages of the hydroacoustic method in the aspects of evaluating fish density, biomass and individual size and the advantages of the trawl in the aspects of evaluating fish species composition, individual size and structure, and scientifically evaluate the species composition, abundance, biomass and the like of fish resources in water.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fixedly mounting a hydroacoustic detection system and a trawl apparatus: the energy converter of the underwater acoustic detection system is fixed below the ship body through a transverse fixing rod and a longitudinal fixing rod, and the water enters the ship body by about 0.5 m; the trawl is connected to the hull by a pull rope, pulleys, winches, etc.
(2) Setting parameters of a water acoustic detection system: before detection, correcting the detection system, and setting parameters of the detection system after correction is finished;
(3) navigation detection: selecting a detection route and starting to carry out navigation detection;
(4) collecting original data: adopting EK80 software to collect echo data of fish, and collecting fish specimen by trawl;
(5) data processing: processing the collected original data by adopting echo software; denoising and data analysis and statistics are carried out;
(a) in order to know the horizontal distribution of the fishes, dividing the acoustic mapping obtained by investigation into a plurality of detection units according to a certain sailing distance, and calculating the fish density of each unit; and classifying and weighing the catch object obtained by the trawl.
(b) In order to know the vertical distribution of the fishes, dividing the echo map into a plurality of water layers by 10m or 5m, and analyzing the fish density and the biomass of each water layer; and analyzing the structural characteristics of fish communities on different water layers by combining the fish species composition of different water layers obtained by trawl sampling.
Preferably, in the step (1), the depth of the energy converter entering water is 0.5m, the energy converter is connected to a broadband transceiver and a computer for startup debugging, real-time display and storage data are checked through the computer, and the broadband transceiver is connected with a GPS for real-time position recording.
Preferably, in the step (2), the detection parameters are: the power is set to be 100W, the pulse emission frequency is 3-5 pings/s, and the pulse width is 128 mu s.
Preferably, in the step (3), the route selects any one of a parallel section and a zigzag section; when the ship is sailing, the bag port of the main net of the ship trawl runs against the water direction, and the pulse emission frequency is adjusted according to the water depth.
Preferably, in the step (5), a surface layer line with the depth of 2m is set, the bottom is automatically drawn through an optimal candidate algorithm carried by echo software, the bottom is manually corrected, data below the bottom line is not analyzed, and meanwhile, obvious noise signals are manually removed.
Preferably, in the step (5), the fish body average target intensity is analyzed by a back integration method, the fish body average target intensity is calculated by a single echo mapping, the fish body target intensity threshold is set to-66 dB, the fish target intensity is converted into the fish body length, and the fish target intensity is calculated by using a relational expression (TS ═ 23.9lg10 ×) TL-103.9) established by frozova.
Preferably, the body length-weight relationship of different types of fishes is obtained based on the fish catch obtained by trawl in a fitting mode, the average density and the average weight of the fish bodies are obtained through weighting estimation, the average biomass of each detection unit is obtained through calculation according to the average density and the average weight of the fishes, and the fish resource amount is obtained through evaluation according to the water area of each detection unit.
A fish resource investigation device combining hydroacoustic detection and trawl sampling, the fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic detection and trawl sampling according to any one of the preceding claims: the underwater acoustic detection device comprises a ship body, wherein the ship body is detachably connected with a trawl and a underwater acoustic detection device arranged on one side of the ship body; the trawl includes major network bag and a plurality of group's vice net bag, major network bag mouth has been seted up to the major network bag, vice net bag mouth has been seted up to the vice net bag, major network bag mouth with vice net bag mouth all adopts the inverted whisker structure, major network bag mouth is provided with a plurality of groups and floats the head line and sink the head line, major network bag mouth is fixed to be provided with anti-bow-shaped skeleton, a plurality of groups vice net bag mouth all with major network bag bottom intercommunication.
Preferably, a fixing rod is fixedly arranged on one side of the ship body, a pulley is arranged at the end part of the fixing rod, which is far away from the ship body, a winch is rotatably connected to the ship body, a pull rope is fixedly connected to the winch, and the pull rope bypasses the pulley and is fixedly connected with a trawl; the middle of the ship body is transversely provided with a transverse fixing rod, one end of the transverse fixing rod is perpendicular to the transverse fixing rod, and the longitudinal fixing rod is detachably connected with the energy converter.
Preferably, the number of the fixing rods is two, clamping rings are arranged on one sides, far away from the ship body, of the fixing rods, each fixing rod is provided with two groups of clamping rings, and the pull rope penetrates through the two groups of clamping rings.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: by detecting through the underwater acoustic detection device, the individual size, density and biomass characteristics of fishes in water layers and water areas with different sampling water areas can be obtained; the water depth of the trawl is controlled by adjusting the pull rope, fishes in different water layers are collected, and the species composition, the individual size and the fishing amount of unit striving fishing amount of the fishes can be obtained; the fish resource data obtained by the underwater acoustic detection device and the fish resource data obtained by the trawl are combined in real time, so that the structural characteristics of the fish community in the investigation water area can be more comprehensively understood, and the species composition, abundance and biomass of the fish resources can be scientifically evaluated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a trawl according to the present invention;
1. hauling a net; 2. a hull; 3. a transducer; 4. a main network bag; 5. a floating line; 6. a secondary mesh bag; 7. pulling a rope; 8. a snap ring; 9. fixing the rod; 10. a pulley; 11. a transverse fixing rod; 12. a longitudinal fixing rod; 13. a winch; 14. a main network bag opening; 15. a secondary sac opening; 16. an inverted arch-shaped skeleton; 17. a polyethylene mesh sheet; 18. sink the line.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the invention provides a fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling, which comprises the following steps:
(1) fixedly mounting the underwater acoustic device: the underwater acoustic device is fixed below the ship body through a transverse fixing rod and a longitudinal fixing rod, and an energy converter in the underwater acoustic device is placed in water;
(2) setting parameters: before detection, correction is carried out, and detection parameters are set after the correction is finished;
(3) navigation detection: selecting a detection route and starting to carry out navigation detection;
(4) collecting original data: collecting original data by using EK80 software;
(5) data processing: processing the collected original data by adopting echo software; denoising and data analysis and calculation are carried out;
acquiring target strength of fish bodies in the detected water body, namely physical quantity of capability of reflecting sound waves of the fish through a transducer, and detecting information such as the number, the size of relative volume, the position and the like of targets according to the interval time of target echo signals after the sound waves are transmitted and the speed of the sound waves in the water; the fish body target intensity is mainly determined by an acoustic scattering cross section on the back side of the fish body, generally, the larger the fish body is, the larger the target intensity is, data are transmitted back to a computer through a detector, and the obtained fish body target intensity is converted into individual biological parameters such as size, density, fish resource amount and biomass through the mutual cooperation of various software and through the conversion of a series of data;
(a) knowing the horizontal distribution of the fishes, dividing the acoustic image obtained by investigation into a plurality of detection units according to a certain sailing distance, and calculating the fish density of each unit;
(b) the vertical distribution of fish is known, the echo map is divided into a plurality of water layers by 10m or 5m, and the fish density of each water layer is calculated.
The method can effectively detect the fish resource conditions of different water areas by dividing the detected water area into a plurality of modularized detection units according to the condition of the water area and dividing and detecting the water area according to the horizontal distribution or the vertical distribution which needs to be analyzed;
further optimization scheme: in the step (1), the depth of the transducer in water is 0.5m, the transducer is connected to a broadband transceiver, the broadband transceiver is connected to a computer for startup debugging, real-time display and storage data are checked through the computer, and the broadband transceiver is connected with a GPS for recording the position in real time.
The transducer converts electric power into mechanical power (sound waves) to be transmitted, the transducer is connected to the broadband transceiver, the broadband transceiver converts the sound waves transmitted and received by the transducer into electric signals to be transmitted to the computer, the computer analyzes data and stores the data, and the data displayed in real time can enable workers to know the actual situation in the water area in time; the energy converter can detect the distribution condition of fish resources and can detect the topography of a water area in real time, the problem that the detection effect is poor due to the complex topography of the water area is avoided, and a worker adjusts the detection position and system parameters in real time through the mutual matching of the energy converter, the broadband transceiver and the GPS, so that the detection sound wave of the energy converter is not influenced, and the detection precision is improved; the navigation safety of the detection ship can be ensured, and the safety of underwater detection equipment and detection personnel is prevented from being damaged.
Further optimization scheme: in the step (2), detecting parameters: the power is set to be 100W, the pulse emission frequency is 3-5 pings/s, the pulse width is 128 mu s, and the pulse emission frequency is adjusted according to the water depth.
The pulse frequency can be adjusted in real time according to the real-time water depth, so that the water bottom part of the water area can be detected; because reservoir bottom habitat is usually uneven, consequently, traditional water acoustics detection method is not suitable for, and traditional water acoustics detection method leads to surveying inaccurate owing to the pulse is repeated moreover, finally leads to surveying the structure deviation great, and this application adjusts pulse frequency in real time through clear survey, has improved the detection precision.
Further optimization scheme: in the step (3), the flight path selects any one of a parallel section and a zigzag section; when the ship is sailed, the bag opening of the main trawl net of the ship body runs against the water.
The selection of the route is carried out according to different water areas, the parallel section is generally uniformly sampled, and the data analysis is convenient; the zigzag coverage rate is high, so that the method is beneficial to avoiding dangerous water areas along the shore, and the zigzag course is most suitable for the detection of fish resources of the reservoir, particularly the detection of a canyon type reservoir; the main net bag opening runs along the water flow in the reverse direction, so that the fish resources in the area can be conveniently captured.
Further optimization scheme: in the step (5), a surface layer line with the depth of 2m is set, the bottom is automatically drawn through an optimal candidate algorithm carried by echo software, the bottom is manually corrected, data below the bottom line are not analyzed, and meanwhile obvious noise signals are manually removed.
2 m's top layer line is used for getting rid of the noise that comes from the top layer, draws the end through automatic, and operating personnel can make clear judgement to the topography in this waters in real time to the condition of surveying as required carries out level or vertically division to this waters, can adjust the hull position according to the survey condition of reality moreover, and then adjusts the position of transducer, guarantees that the pulse can be directly submarine, improves the practicality of device and the accuracy nature of surveying.
Further optimization scheme: in the step (5), the fish body average target intensity is analyzed by a regression integration method, the fish body average target intensity is calculated by a single echo image, the fish body target intensity threshold value is set to be-66 dB, and the fish target is calculated by adopting a relational expression (TS ═ 23.9lg10 × TL-103.9) established by Frouzova.
The body length-weight relationship of different types of fishes is obtained through fitting based on the obtained fish catches by the trawling, the average density and the average weight of the fish bodies are obtained through weighted estimation, the average biomass of each detection unit is obtained through calculation according to the average density and the average weight of the fishes, and the fish resource amount is obtained through water area evaluation according to each detection unit.
A fish resource investigation device combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling comprises a ship body 2, wherein the ship body 2 is detachably connected with a trawl 1 and an energy converter 3 arranged on one side of the ship body 2; trawl 1 includes major network bag 4 and a plurality of group's vice net bag 6, major network bag mouth 14 has been seted up to major network bag 4, vice net bag mouth 15 has been seted up to vice net bag 6, major network bag mouth 14 and vice net bag mouth 15 all adopt the inverted whisker structure, major network bag mouth 14 is provided with a plurality of groups and floats the head line 5 and sink the head line 18, major network bag mouth 14 is fixed to be provided with anti-bow-shaped skeleton 16, a plurality of groups of vice net bag mouth 15 all communicates with major network bag 4 bottom. The sinking line 18 and the floating line 5 are matched with each other, so that the main sac opening 14 and the auxiliary sac opening 15 of the trawl 1 can be effectively opened, and the catch can be captured according to actual requirements.
The required work load of this net sampling is less, and the design of must falling of major network bag mouth 14 and vice net bag mouth 15 moreover, can prevent fish from escaping effectively, this net is through constituteing a plurality of groups polyethylene net piece 17, not only has very strong parcel ability, and through the mutually supporting of major network bag mouth 14 and vice net bag mouth 15, can catch the fish of different individual sizes, and the fish of catching is difficult for escaping, and the fishing catch thing can accurately reflect the structural feature of fish community.
Further optimization scheme: a fixed rod 9 is fixedly arranged on one side of the ship body 2, a pulley 10 is arranged at the end part of the fixed rod 9 far away from the ship body 2, a winch 13 is rotatably connected to the ship body 2, a pull rope 7 is fixedly connected to the winch 13, and the pull rope 7 is fixedly connected with the trawl 1 by bypassing the pulley 10; the middle part of the ship body 2 is transversely provided with a transverse fixing rod 9, one end of the transverse fixing rod 11 is perpendicular to the transverse fixing rod 11 and is provided with a longitudinal fixing rod 12, and the longitudinal fixing rod 12 is detachably connected with the transducer 3.
This net sampling required work load is less, and the must design of falling of major network bag mouth 14 and vice net bag mouth 15, can prevent fish from escaping effectively, this net is through constituteing a plurality of groups polyethylene net piece 17, not only have very strong winding ability and parcel ability, and through the mutually supporting of major network bag mouth 14 and vice net bag mouth 15, can catch the fish of different individual sizes, and the fish of catching is difficult to flee and runs, the fishing obtains the structural feature of the reflection fish community that the thing can be more accurate.
The trawl 1 is connected to a winch 13 of the ship body 2 through four pull ropes 7 through a pulley 10, and the trawl 1 is controlled to be positioned in water layers with different water depths by rotating the winch 13; the depth of the trawl 1 is controlled by controlling the stretching 7 through the winch 13, and the main net bag opening 14 and the auxiliary net bag opening 15 of the trawl 1 are kept perpendicular to the water surface at any time in the driving process. The operation time of the water layer trawl 1 of each target water depth can be set to be 0.5h, the catches of the big and small net sacs of the trawl 1 are collected in time, the species is identified, and the body length and the body weight of each fish individual are measured. Meanwhile, the water acoustic data are processed in time after the operation is finished, and data such as individual fish size, density and biomass corresponding to each water layer are obtained.
Further optimization scheme: the fixing rods 9 are provided with two, one side, far away from the ship body 2, of each fixing rod 9 is provided with a clamping ring 8, each fixing rod 9 is provided with two groups of clamping rings 8, and the pull rope 7 penetrates through the two groups of clamping rings 8.
Fix trawl 1 in 2 one end fixed positions of hull, when the fishing thing is caught to trawl 1, pull up trawl 1 through stay cord 7, trawl 1 is arranged in two dead levers 9 departments, and dead lever 9 is triangle-shaped and arranges, therefore, trawl 1 is when being pulled up, major network bag mouth 14 can tighten up automatically, prevent that the fishing thing from running out in the trawl 1, and the lower part of major network bag 4 and vice bag 6 still are in the aquatic, consequently, the fishing thing of catching can not die because of leaving the water for a long time, both protected the safety of fish, clear detection has been carried out to fish resource again.
The working process is as follows: fixing a hydroacoustic detection device 3 on a ship body 2 through a transverse fixing rod 11 and a longitudinal fixing rod 12, then placing an energy converter in a place 0.5m deep under water, connecting the energy converter to a fast-band transceiver, connecting the energy converter to a computer for startup debugging, checking real-time display and storage data, connecting a GPS (global positioning system) for recording the position in real time, before detection, correcting the energy converter 3 by adopting a standard copper ball with the diameter of 23mm according to a standard method, setting detection parameters after correction, setting the power to be 100W, setting the pulse transmission frequency to be generally 3-5 pings/s, setting the pulse width to be 128 mu s, and completing installation and debugging of the energy converter 3; four pull ropes 7 on the trawl 1 are connected to a winch 13 of the ship body 2 by bypassing a pulley 10, each pull rope 7 passes through two clamping rings 8, so that the trawl 1 can be effectively unfolded by the four pull ropes 7, wherein a main net bag opening 14 and an auxiliary net bag opening 15 can both adopt inverted beard structures to prevent fishery objects from escaping, and a floating line 5 and a sinking line 18 of the main net bag opening 14 can effectively open the main net bag opening 14; after all the earlier-stage work is finished, the sailing detection is started, a parallel section or a zigzag route is adopted for detection, when sailing is carried out, the ship body 2 drives towards the main bag port of the trawl 1 in the direction against water, the speed does not exceed 5km/h, then the pulse emission frequency is adjusted according to the real-time water depth, and the target intensity of the fish body in the detected water body, namely the physical quantity of the capability of the fish to reflect sound waves, is obtained through the transducer; measuring information such as target quantity, relative size and position according to the interval time of receiving target echo information after transmitting the sound waves and the propagation speed of the sound waves in water, controlling the depth of the stretched trawl net 1 by a winch 13, keeping a main net bag port 14 and an auxiliary net bag port 15 of the trawl net 1 perpendicular to the water surface at any time in the driving process, setting the operation time of the water layer trawl net 1 in each target water depth to be 0.5h, collecting the fish catches of a main net bag 4 and an auxiliary net bag 6 in time, identifying the types, measuring the body length and the body weight of each fish individual, simultaneously processing the water acoustic data in time, obtaining the data such as the size and the biomass of the fish individual corresponding to each water layer, processing the original data collected by an EK80 program by using Echoview software, firstly identifying effective data in an echo image and removing an imaging part, setting a surface line with the depth of 2m for eliminating the noise from the surface layer, automatically drawing a background by an optimal candidate algorithm carried by echo software, manually correcting, not analyzing data below the background line, manually eliminating obvious noise signals, sorting echo images after noise elimination, analyzing by an echo integration method, calculating the average target intensity by a single echo image, setting the threshold value of the target intensity of a fish body to be-66 dB, and calculating by adopting a relational expression (TS (23.9 lg 10) TL-103.9) established by Frouzova and the like when the target intensity of the fish is converted into the long length of the fish body; in order to know the horizontal distribution of fishes, dividing an acoustic image obtained by investigation into a plurality of detection units according to a certain sailing distance, calculating the fish density of each unit, dividing an echo image into a plurality of water layers by 10m or 5m in order to solve the vertical distribution of the fishes, calculating the fish density of each water layer, fitting the obtained fish catch object based on the trawl 1 to obtain the length-weight relation of different types of fishes, obtaining the average weight of the fish body through weighted estimation, further calculating the average biomass of a certain detection unit according to the average density and the average weight of the fishes, and evaluating the fish resource amount of a reservoir according to the area of a water area of the detection unit.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fish resource investigation method combining underwater acoustic detection and trawl sampling is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) fixedly mounting a hydroacoustic detection system and a trawl apparatus: the energy converter of the underwater acoustic detection system is fixed below the ship body by a transverse fixing rod and a longitudinal fixing rod for 0.5m of water; the trawl is connected to the hull by a pull rope, pulleys, winches, etc.
(2) Setting parameters of a water depth science system: before detection, correcting the detection system, and setting parameters of the detection system after correction is finished;
(3) navigation detection: selecting a detection route and starting to carry out navigation detection;
(4) collecting original data: collecting fish echo data by using EK80 software; collecting a fish entity specimen by using a trawl to obtain original data;
(5) data processing: processing the collected original data by adopting echo software; denoising and data analysis and statistics are carried out;
(a) in order to know the horizontal distribution of the fishes, dividing the acoustic mapping obtained by investigation into a plurality of detection units according to a certain sailing distance, and calculating the fish density of each unit; classifying and weighing the catch obtained by the trawl;
(b) in order to know the vertical distribution of the fishes, dividing the echo map into a plurality of water layers by 10m or 5m, and analyzing the fish density and the biomass of each water layer; and analyzing the structural characteristics of fish communities on different water layers by combining the fish species composition of different water layers obtained by trawl sampling.
2. The fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic exploration and trawl sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the depth of the energy converter entering water is 0.5m, the energy converter is connected to a broadband transceiver and a computer for startup debugging, real-time display and storage data are checked through the computer, and the broadband transceiver is connected with a GPS for recording the position in real time.
3. The fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic exploration and trawl sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the detection parameters are: the power is set to be 100W, the pulse emission frequency is 3-5 pings/s, and the pulse width is 128 mu s.
4. The fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic exploration and trawl sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the route selects any one of a parallel section and a zigzag section; when the ship is sailing, the ship body drives towards the bag opening of the main net of the trawl net in the reverse water direction, and the pulse transmitting frequency is adjusted according to the water depth.
5. The fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic exploration and trawl sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), a surface layer line with the depth of 2m is set, the bottom is automatically drawn through an optimal candidate algorithm carried by echo software, the bottom is manually corrected, data below the bottom line are not analyzed, and meanwhile obvious noise signals are manually removed.
6. The fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic exploration and trawl sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the fish body average target intensity is analyzed by an echo integration method, the fish body average target intensity is calculated by a single echo image, the fish body target intensity threshold value is set to-66 dB, and when the fish target intensity (TS) is converted into the fish body length (TL), the relation (TS ═ 23.9lg10 × -TL-103.9) established by Frouzova is adopted for calculation.
7. The fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic exploration and trawl sampling according to claim 1, characterized in that: the body length-weight relationship of different types of fishes is obtained through fitting based on the obtained fish catches by the trawling, the average density and the average weight of the fish bodies are obtained through weighted estimation, the average biomass of each detection unit is obtained through calculation according to the average density and the average weight of the fishes, and the fish resource amount is obtained through water area evaluation according to each detection unit.
8. A fish resource investigation device combining hydroacoustic detection and trawl sampling, a fish resource investigation method combining hydroacoustic detection and trawl sampling according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: including hull (2), hull (2) can be dismantled and be connected with trawl (1) and set up transducer (3) in hull one side, trawl (1) includes main net bag (4) and a plurality of group's vice net bag (6), main net bag mouth (14) have been seted up in main net bag (4), vice net bag mouth (15) have been seted up in vice net bag (6), main net bag mouth (14) with vice net bag mouth (15) all adopt the inverted whisker structure, main net bag mouth (14) are provided with a plurality of groups floating line (5) and heavy line (18), main net bag mouth (14) are fixed to be provided with anti-bow-shaped skeleton (16), a plurality of groups vice net bag mouth (15) all with main net bag (4) bottom intercommunication.
9. The fish resource survey device of claim 8, wherein the fish resource survey device comprises a water acoustic survey unit and a trawl sampling unit, wherein the water acoustic survey unit comprises: a fixing rod (9) is fixedly arranged on one side of the ship body (2), a pulley (10) is arranged at the end part, far away from the ship body (2), of the fixing rod (9), a winch (13) is rotatably connected to the ship body (2), a pull rope (7) is fixedly connected to the winch (13), and the pull rope (7) bypasses the pulley (10) and is fixedly connected with the trawl (1); the underwater acoustic device is characterized in that a transverse fixing rod (9) is transversely arranged in the middle of the ship body (2), one end of the transverse fixing rod (11) is perpendicular to the transverse fixing rod (11), a longitudinal fixing rod (12) is arranged on the transverse fixing rod (11), and the longitudinal fixing rod (12) is detachably connected with the underwater acoustic device (3).
10. The fish resource survey device of claim 8, wherein the fish resource survey device comprises a water acoustic survey unit and a trawl sampling unit, wherein the water acoustic survey unit comprises: the fixing rods (9) are arranged in two numbers, clamping rings (8) are arranged on one sides, far away from the ship body (2), of the fixing rods (9), each fixing rod (9) is provided with two groups of clamping rings (8), and the pull ropes (7) penetrate through the two groups of clamping rings (8).
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